Gantt Chati ndi wothandizira wanu pakukonzekera. Kodi ndondomeko ya Gantt ndi yotani?

Chithunzi cha Gantt ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zodziwika kwambiri poyang'ana ndondomeko ya kalendala mu kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti.

Ndi chiyani?

Tchati cha Gantt cholinga chake ndi kufotokozera magawo osiyanasiyana a ntchito mu gawo la bizinesi yaying'ono ndi yamapakati. Zojambula zimayimira gulu lophweka la zida zazikulu ziwiri: milandu ndi nthawi. Nthawi iliyonse kusiyana kumapatsidwa ntchito yapadera, yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa.

Mu chithunzichi, pambali pazitsulo zazikulu, pakhoza kukhala chigawo chapadera choonjezera chowonetsera kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe yachitidwa. Zochitika zapadera - zochitika zazikulu - zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa ntchito ziwiri kapena zambiri ndikuwonetsa momwe akuwonongera.

Ndondomeko ya Gantt ndiyomwe imayendera pulojekiti, chifukwa ndi chithandizo chake zimakhala zotheka kusonyeza momwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo onse a polojekitiyo akuonekera.

Kodi tchati cha Gantt ndi chiyani?

Popeza kuti anthu ambiri ndi zithunzi, chithunzichi chimapereka mpata woti athetse ntchito imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu ndikuwonetseratu antchito zomwe ayenera kuchita, zomwe angagwiritse ntchito panthawiyi komanso mofulumira kuchita ntchito zina. Zonsezi zimatumizidwa mu mawonekedwe opanikizidwa, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito matebulo osokoneza ndi malemba ochuluka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chofunika ndi chodziwikiratu kwa onse, popanda chokha, otsogolera polojekiti.

Kugwiritsira ntchito tchati kumachepetsa kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti yazing'ono zazing'ono ndipo zimathandiza kuti nthawi zonse ntchito za ogwira ntchito zisamalire.

Mbiri ya maonekedwe a galasi yoyamba

Chithunzi choyamba cha chithunzicho chinapangidwa ndi kuyesedwa ndi Henry L. Gant kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Wasayansi analembedwera kuti azitha kumanga zombo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Ndondomeko yapadera inamuloleza kuti agwirizane ntchito ya injini zingapo, kuyang'anira kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito mu nthawi yopatsidwa. Anayamba Gant mwachindunji mwa kulembetsa ntchito zonse zofunika ndikuzikonza molingana ndi zomwe zilipo.

Gawo lofunika linali chiwonetsero cha kudalira kwa ntchito zina pa ena. Kuonjezera apo, Gant adapatsidwa kwa munthu aliyense nthawi yomwe adayenera kumaliza ntchito inayake, amasonyeza kuti ndi ndani komanso ntchito iti yomwe idzachitike chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe polojekitiyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ntchito yomanga Gantt ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe choyimira choyimira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, komanso chingwe choyimira choyimira nthawi.

Tchati cha Gantt m'dziko lamakono

Njira yokonzekerayi siilimbikitsidwa masiku ano, chifukwa ikulolani kuti mupereke ndondomeko yopanga mapulani, ikuthandizani kuyendetsa patsogolo pakugwira ntchito. Tchati cha Gantt chakhala chida chothandizira kwambiri chomwe kwa zaka pafupifupi 100 sichinasinthepo. Zaka 90 zokha zapitazo, ndi cholinga chofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zokhudzana, mgwirizano woyankhulana unayambitsidwa pakati pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana:

• "Kumaliza chiyambi" - zochita B sizingayambe kumapeto kwachithunzi A;
• "Yambani-kumaliza" - zochita B sizingayambe mpaka kuchitapo A akuyamba;
• "Kuyambira-kuyamba" -chithunzi B sichiyamba poyamba kuposa A;
• "Zitsirizitsani" -chithunzi B sayenera kuthera asanachite zomwe A.

Pali zowona kuti Gantt chithunzi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zazikulu monga engineering ku Las Vegas, 1939 ndi njira ya Eisenhower Highway (yomwe imagwirizanitsa kwambiri mizinda yayikuru ya US).

Malangizo: momwe mungamangire chithunzi cha Gantt muzitsulo zisanu?

Chotsatira, tiyang'ana malamulo oti tipange tchati cha Gantt ndikuyesera kuti tipeze nokha ku Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Khwerero 1. Kusonkhanitsa deta

Pofuna kumanga grafu, tikufunikira deta izi:

• Maofesi onse a deta (kumene ndime iliyonse iyenera kuyamba);
• Dzina la siteji iliyonse;
• Nthawi ya siteji iliyonse.

Kuti tipeze mosavuta, timalowa nawo nthawi yomweyo kumalo oyenera omwe ali patebulo. Tikapeza zofunikira zonse, titha kupanga chithunzi chokha.

Chofunika: onetsetsani kuti mafomu onse a deta atchulidwa molondola: makamaka, amakhudza masiku.

Gawo 2. Kukonza dongosolo

Kotero, tikudziwa cholinga cha kukonza ndi deta yofunikira, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe tidzakhazikitsa ndandanda. Tsopano pawindo la pulogalamu ya tebulo tiyenera kupita ku gawo lakuti "Inser -> Chithunzi", ndiyeno dinani pa "Line" chinthu. Sitifunikira osowa, koma ndi kudzikundikira, chifukwa mwaichi mulipadera maulendo achiwiri, omwe tili nawo.

Khwerero 3

Pofuna kuchita izi, pulogalamuyi imapereka zida zapadera. Pa chithunzi chomwe chikuwonekera pazenera, muyenera kusuntha mtolo wolozera pa bar baru, pindani pomwepo ndikusankha "Mndandanda wa mndandanda wa deta" mu menyu omwe akuwonekera. Awindo adzawonekera momwe tikuyenera kupita ku "Zodzaza" chinthu ndi kusankha "Palibe kudzaza". Pambuyo pake, chithunzichi chimawoneka ngati ichi:

Khwerero 4. Zomaliza

Popeza posasintha zonse zomwe zili mu graph yathu zimayikidwa mu dongosolo kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, tidzasintha pang'ono. Kuti tichite izi, timasindikiza molondola pa magulu a axis (omwe ali pafupi ndi mndandanda wa ntchito), pitani kuwindo la "Format axis". Nthawi yomweyo timatsegula tabu lomwe tikusowa - "Zigawo zapadera". Fufuzani bokosi pafupi ndi "Bweretsani magawo". Ndipotu, ndondomeko ya Gantt ili kale yokonzeka, pali zothandiza zotsalira zokhazokha.

Gawo 5. Kupanga mawonekedwe

Kotero, ife tikupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa ndandanda. Monga mukuonera, zikuwoneka ngati si zabwino kwambiri, ndipo tsopano tidzakonza ndi chithandizo cha pulogalamuyo pachokha:

1. Tambani chithunzi pa kukula komwe mukufunayo pogwiritsa ntchito muvi kumtunda wakumanja.
2. Sankhani masiku onse patebulo, dinani pamalo osankhidwa ndi batani lamanja la mouse ndipo pitani ku "Cell Format-> Number". Gawo lino lili ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira omwe timagwira ntchito. Pofuna kuletsa malembawo kuti asamamatirane, timalimbikitsa kuti musankhe mafupipafupi a mbiri. Kenaka, dinani pomwepo pazomwe muli ndi masiku omwe ali pachithunzicho, sankhani "Zopanga Maonekedwe -> Nambala" ndipo yesani bokosi la "Link to Source".
3. Sankhani nthano (chizindikiro "Date" ndi "Nthawi Yake" kumanja) ndipo panikizani Chotsani Chotsani pa keyboard.
4. Tsegulani "Axis Format -> Zosankha" ndipo muike zoyenera ndi zowonjezera zoyenera (tiyike pa December 15, kuyambira Lolemba, ndi 3 January). Pano ife tikhoza kuyika mtengo wa magawo akulu (izi ndizochitika pomwe, mwachitsanzo, kugwira ntchito pulojekitiyo kumatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo). Kwa ife, ndizosavuta kuti tisiye mtengo wapatali (2.0).

Zowonjezeranso zochepa ndi zojambula - ndizo zomwe timapeza monga zotsatira. Pamaso panu - chithunzi chokonzekera cha Gantt. Zoonadi, chitsanzo chomwe tapereka ndi chophweka - koma izi ndi zokwanira kumvetsetsa kuti njirayi ikukonzekera bwanji ndikuwonetseratu njira yokwaniritsira ntchito zina.

Mapulogalamu ena opanga zithunzi

Inde, palinso mapulogalamu ena apamwamba omwe amachititsa kuti zisamakhale zosavuta kugwira ntchito. Chithunzi cha Gantt cha zovuta zonse zingamangidwe mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu monga:

• SchedRoll;
• Mlengi wa Gantt;
• Malingaliro;
• Microsoft Project ndi ena ambiri.

Kuphatikizanso apo, pali ma intaneti ambiri omwe amapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mpata mwayi wokonzeratu zochitika zawo, komanso kulandira malipoti, nthawi zonse, zokhudzana ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera pamakalata. Komabe, wina sangakane kuti chinsinsi cha deta yosungidwa pa intaneti chili pachiwopsezo, ndipo ngakhale mapulogalamu osungira omwe amaikidwa pamakompyuta a wogwiritsa ntchito, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri komanso zodalirika.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njirayi

Pomaliza, ndi bwino kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane ubwino ndi kuipa kwakukulu kwa njira yofotokozera ndi kukonza.

Chofunika kwambiri, mosakayikira, ndi kufotokozera momveka bwino nkhaniyo. Monga lamulo, ndizovuta kuti amalonda agwire nawo mapepala a Gantt - iwo amakonda mpata wozindikiritsa ndi kusankha magawo a ntchito pa polojekitiyi. Chifukwa cha kuwonetsedwa kwa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mamembala onse a gulu angathe kufotokozera ntchito zawo poyamba.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mapu a Gantt ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chowonetsera chomwe chingasonyeze zofunika kwambiri pa polojekitiyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pamene opanga chisankho akugawira ndikugawa zonse zomwe zilipo, gululo limaphunzirapo za izi ndikutsatira malangizo ena. Chigawo ichi cha gantt chithunzi chili chothandiza kwambiri kwa oyimilira apamwamba - pogwiritsira ntchito, zimakhala zosavuta kukonzekera ndondomeko yowonjezera, yokhudzana ndi momwe polojekiti ikuyendera.

Komabe, monga njira ina iliyonse yokonzekera, tchati cha Gantt chili ndi zovuta zake. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi kudalira kwa ntchito. Kawirikawiri panthawi yopereka mapulojekiti , oyang'anira amafunika kusonyeza zomwe zili pamwambazi zikugwirizana. Koma, mwatsoka, tchati mtunduwo salola izi. Pofuna kusokoneza izi, abwana amayesa njira zosiyanasiyana: mwachitsanzo, onjezerani mizere yapadera pazithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsera zikhulupiliro zofunika. Komabe, iyi ndi yankho laling'ono, lomwe silingathe kufotokoza zambiri mwathunthu.

Chinthu chinanso cha zolemba za Gantt ndi zolephera zawo. Masiku ano mapulojekiti sali okhazikika - nthawi zonse amasintha, kusintha, komwe sikungaganizidwe pachithunzichi. Asanayambe kumanga pulojekitiyi, mameneja ayenera kuwerengera chinthu china chochepa kwambiri, chifukwa pangosintha pang'ono pamapepala, chithunzi chonsecho chiyenera kubwezeretsedwa. Ndipo izi sizikutanthauza kuti mwayi wofotokozera njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera panthawi imodzi ukusowa.

Mosasamala chifukwa chake mukusowa tchati cha Gantt, pulogalamu (ngakhale "yopambana") sidzawonetsa kufunikira ndi chiwonongeko chokhudzana ndi izi kapena ntchito zina, zomwe zimayambira. Choncho, pazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Komabe, n'kosatheka kukana kuti pakuchita polojekitiyi njirayi ndi yofala kwambiri - kwa zaka zopitirira zana za ntchito yake, anthu akhala ndi mwayi wowonetsetsa kuti zimakhala bwino komanso kuti zikhale zotheka kwambiri.