G36 (kuwombera mfuti): mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, bungwe la German Bundeswehr linakonzanso magulu ankhondo ndi kuwatsitsimutsa. Ndiye chida ichi chinadziŵika kwambiri mu Heckler und Koch G3. Kuti alowe m'malo, chitukuko chatsopano cha mfuti za german - G11 - chinalinganiziridwa. Komabe, NATO sanavomereze kusintha kumeneku, chifukwa idayesetsa kugwirizanitsa ndi kuimiritsa zida zonse zowononga ndi zida zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza kuti mfuti yatsopanoyi inali kugwiritsa ntchito cartridge yapadera ya 4.75 mm popanda chipolopolo, zinasankhidwa kuchoka kuti zikhazikitse zida zankhondo, komanso poti zikhale ndi chida chatsopano. Izi zinayambitsidwa ndi kuyanjananso kwa mayiko awiri - East ndi West Germany - mu 1990, komanso ndalama zofunikira kwambiri. Kotero panali zida zatsopano - mfuti ya ku Germany G36.

Zifukwa zowonongeka ndi mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa mfuti

Zochitika izi zinaphatikizidwa ndi kusintha ku NATO. Mgwirizanowu unagawidwa msilikali makapu 5.56 mm, omwe ankafuna kuti Germany agwiritse ntchito zida kuchokera ku cartridge iyi. Mu 1992, akuluakulu a boma adayambitsa ndondomeko ya zida zatsopano - IDZ (Child Infantryman of the Future). Lingaliro limeneli linali ndi mfuti yowonongeka, mfuti ya makina, yomwe inkayenera kuthandizira zida za MG-3. Cholinga chawo chinali kuthandiza magulu oyamwitsa. Ndipo mfuti za mfuti za ku Germany zinayamba kugwira ntchito zatsopano zatsopano.

Pa September 1, 1993, ntchito yeniyeni inalengedwa, yokonzedwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Arms Purchase Office. Pambuyo pake, zinaonekeratu kuti zitsanzo zonse zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndi Bundeswehr sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zatsala. Kotero, ntchitoyo inakhala yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa panopa kunali koyenera kubwezeretsa zida zonse, osati chitsanzo chimodzi chokha. Pogwiritsa ntchito dongosololi, panali mpikisano waukulu - Germany Heckler und Koch ndi Austrians Steyr.

Muzovuta zotere, H & K inatha kudziwonetsera okha mwa njira yabwino kwambiri. Okonza kampaniyo anatha kupanga nthawi yaying'ono kwambiri ya banja losavuta, losavuta koma lodalirika la zida - mfuti ya HK.50 ndi mfuti ya MG.50 yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitsanzo zimenezi zakhala zabwino kuposa Aust 77 yotchuka kwambiri ku Austrian ndi mfuti ya AUG / HBAR yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pa maziko ake. Iwo ankakonda utsogoleri kwambiri moti posakhalitsa anavomerezedwa ndi Bundeswehr pansi pa chiwerengero cha G36 ndi MG36. Komabe, m'miyezi yoyamba ya kukhalapo kwake, chiwerengero cha zing'onozing'ono zinapangidwa (pafupifupi 35,000 mfuti ndi mfuti 200). Izi zinali chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma ku Germany.

Zojambula Zapangidwe

Chimene chiri chodziwika, nthawi zambiri Amwenye achizungu omwe anali akuyenda panthaŵiyi anasiya mwambowo. Kawirikawiri kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zokhazokha, malinga ndi kubwerera kwa thumba lopanda kanthu, thunthu lija linasunthika panthawi yomweyo. Ndondomeko yowatsekera yochokera pamakina obisalayi inakanidwanso. Ngakhalenso dongosolo la Kalashnikov, lomwe lingakhale maziko a mfuti yatsopano, anakanidwa. Kupanga mfuti yodzidzimutsa G36 inaganiza kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha chida china chotchuka - American M16.

Gulisi yowonjezera G36 ili ndi ziwalo zoterezi - zotengera (zomwe zimaphatikizapo mbiya yosasuntha, yonyamulira ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizidwa), chiboliboli chokhala ndi chikwama, sitolo ndi makina a magazini, chowongolera, chosuntha Chodzidzimutsa ndi mpeni wa bayonet.

Ntchito ya automation

Mfundo yodzidzimutsa ndiyomweyi - kuchotsa mpweya wa ufa kuchokera ku thunthu. M'magulu a G36 adayendetsa zokhazokha - mawonekedwe oyambirira a injini ya gasi, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kupatukana kwa chitseko cha chipata, chomwe tsopano sichidalira piston ya mpweya ndi kupweteka kochepa. Powombera, pistoni imagwira pamphuno ndikuyikweza kumbuyo. Chingwe chotsekedwa chimatsekedwa chifukwa cha nkhondo yapadera (chiwerengero cha 7), ndipo chipikacho chimasinthika madigiri 30 ndi tsinde. Kukonzekera kwa mpweyawu kunathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera kwake kwa mfuti ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya opaleshoni yokhayokha pokhazikika pa zida zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa unit locking palokha.

Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe a mantha

USM (kusokoneza-modgger mechanism) ikufanana kwathunthu ndi G3. Ikusonkhanitsidwa mu bokosi lapadera, lomwe liri ndi phokoso, phokoso ndi phokoso. Chimene chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa kulamulira ndi moto. Pofuna kukonza bokosi ku gawo la tsinde, gwiritsani ntchito zikhomozo. USM yemweyo - mtundu wa kurkovogo. Zapangidwira kukonzanso moto ndi umodzi. Chophatikizira ndi womasulira mawonekedwe a moto akuphatikizidwa, mbendera yawiri iwiri yomwe ikugwira ntchitoyi imayikidwa pamwamba pa pistol grip, yomwe imathandizira kusintha kwa njira zowonongeka. Pankhaniyi, kusungidwa kwa fakitale kungakhale kosiyana - mfuti ikhoza kuperekedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moto - moto wokhawokha, umodzi wokha, wowometsa moto, wosakwatiwa ndi wosasuntha wa zipolopolo ziwiri, kapena ndi maulendo atatu kamodzi.

Zokongoletsera ndi zizindikiro za ntchito

Chinthu china cholimbikitsana cha chida ndikutha kuwotcha zonse kuchokera kumanja ndi kumanzere. Mankhwala a recharge athandizidwa pamwamba pa wolandila kuti ikhale yothamanga mbali iliyonse kwa madigiri 90. Zimagwira mbali zowonongeka zazomwe zimachitika pakutha. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwombera, chiguduli chikuyendayenda pamodzi ndi chimango cha shutter. Poyerekeza ndi mfuti ya G3, kusintha kwakukulu kunapangidwira kumangidwe kwake, komwe kunapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yabwino, makamaka panthawi yovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, wolandilayo amatetezedwa ku chitetezo, monga momwe zidutswa zogwirira ntchitoyo zachotsedwa. Magulu a ejection amachotsedwa kudzera pawindo lapadera lazitsulo kumbali yoyenera ya wolandira. Chombo chonyamulira mfutiyo, chidaikidwa pamwamba pa wolandila nthawi yomweyo pamwamba pa mkono wobwezeretsa, chinali choyambirira. Motero, pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya mfutiyo ili pansi pa chombocho. Zina mwa ntchito zake ndizotheka kukonzekera, popeza zipangizo za izi zatsatiridwa kumbuyo kwake. Mbali yapadera ya mfuti imeneyi ndi kuwonetsa nthawi zonse katatu. Zapangidwira mtunda wa mamita 800 ndipo zimakhala ndi makina opanga ma laser. Kuonjezera apo, palinso mawonedwe ofanana omwe amachititsa kuwombera bwino pamtunda wa mamita 200. Komanso, chilolezocho chimakulolani kuti muyang'ane pazinthu zina - mwachitsanzo, Zeiss adatulutsidwa chifukwa cha mfuti usikuwu akuwona Hensoldt AG popanda kuunika, kuwombera ndizotheka pamtunda wa mamita 350.

Zosangalatsa komanso zogwirizana

Chinthu china chodziwika bwino cha mfuti ya G36 yokha ya Germany ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Monga magulu amasiku ano ali osasinthika, sasowa kokha zothandiza komanso zophweka, komanso zida zabwino. Ndi cholinga ichi kuti opanga ayesetseratu mapangidwe a G36, omwe amachepetsa chida chonse cha chida cha 1000 mm kufika pa 758 mm, chomwe chimalola kuti maulendo amtunda atsike bwino kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito zankhondo kapena kupita kumwamba.

Mfuti zamagetsi

Mfuti ya G36 yowonongeka imadyetsa zipolopolo ku sitolo, zomwe zimakhala ndi makapu 30. Zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yoonekera, yomwe imakulolani kuyang'anitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makapu, ndipo pambaliyi ili ndi mapepala apadera omwe amakulolani kuyika magazini yosungirako. Kuti mutenge kudzazidwa kwa magaziniyi, galasi lokhala ndi makina 10 ndi adapita. Polimbana pankhondo, gwiritsani ntchito masitolo ogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ogwirizanitsa, omwe amachititsa kuti zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wothamangayo zichitike. Popeza kuti wolandirayo wapangidwa motsatira ndondomeko za NATO, mfutiyo ingagwiritse ntchito masitolo aliwonse omwe ali ndi ma 5.56 a ma NATO.

Mapangidwe ndi zinthu za wolandila

Bokosi la mbiya likuphatikizidwa kuchokera ku pepala zitsulo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, omanga sazengereza kuyesa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zatsopano monga zojambula zozungulira, ufa wa ufa kapena kuponyera zitsanzo za smelted. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pakupanga zinthu zofunika monga USM, mphukira, sitolo, mbiya, zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mapuloteni osakanikirana ndi polyamide kapena mapuloteni.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dzuwa pa nthawi ya kuwombera, pofuna kusokoneza muvi kuchokera ku zithunzithunzi zotentha, zitsulo zonse zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zimaphimbidwa ndi chophimba chapadera chodziika kutentha.

Zomwe zimamenyana, zida zothandizira

Mayesero omwe anachitidwa pa malo ogwirira ntchito komanso pochita opaleshoni amasonyeza kuti mfutiyo ili ndi makhalidwe apamwamba. Akatswiri amati panthawi imene kuwombera kumangotsala pang'ono kugwedeza kamphindi, chidachi chimakhala cholimba pamene akuwombera. Makamaka, zotsatirazi zikukwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha dongosolo. Mbali zowonongeka zowonongeka zili pamwamba pa mtengo, ndipo bedi liri pamodzi wokhala nalo. Kuonjezera apo, phokoso pamphepetelo liri chete, poyerekeza ndi zida zina. Ndipo kulondola kwa nkhondo kumtunda; G36 - mfuti, yomwe kwa nthawi yoyamba kwa zaka zambiri yakhala ikuwonetsa bwino kwambiri kuposa zitsanzo zabwino za mfuti za NATO. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukuwombera pang'ono (3-5 mphukira) kumapitirira mamita 100, kufalitsa sikudapitilire 12 cm, komanso kupulumuka kwa mbiya (pafupifupi zikwi 10,000), izi zimapindulitsa kwambiri mdani. Mtundu waukulu wa moto umangochitika, monga lamulo, iwo amawombera ndi mphukira zokwana 5, koma mukhoza kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 10 kuwombera), ndi mfuti ya MG36 - mosalekeza.

H & K ya banja

Chifukwa cha mfuti iyi, Heckler & Koch anapanga banja lonse la zida zomwe zimaphatikizapo mfuti ya MG36, komanso galimoto za G36 K ndi G36 C. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mfuti ya German G36 ndi chida chosavuta kukhala mfuti, chifukwa ichi ndi chokwanira kuti phokoso likhale lopangira mbiya , Ndiponso kugwirizanitsa ndi wolandila sitolo kwa maulendo zana, okonzedweratu milandu yotereyi. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha sitolo ndi chakuti amapangidwa malinga ndi ndondomeko ya STATAG 4179 ya NATO ndipo ntchito yake mu mfuti yomwe imakhala yopambana kwambiri.

Ofukula zida za ku Germany ndi dziko lapansi adasamutsidwa - kuti apange zitsanzo zambiri pambali pa mfuti (kuchokera ku mfuti yochepa mpaka ku mfuti yaikulu). Ku America anthu oyambirira anali M16, Russia - AK-74. Kuwatsata ndipo Ajeremani anayamba kupanga zitsanzo zina za zida zaumwini. Kenaka m'gulu lankhondo munakhazikitsidwa niche, yomwe nthawi ina inkakhala ndi mfuti. Zinapangidwa kuti ziziwombera pamtunda chifukwa cha cartridge yotsika kwambiri. Monga momwe zinagwiritsire ntchito M4 ndi XM177 carbines ndi Amereka pa Nkhondo ya Vietnam, asilikali a dziko lirilonse amafunika chida cholimba komanso cholimba chakumenyana m'midzi, komanso nkhalango, mitengo, etc. Mu Bundeswehr amafunikira.

Pofuna kuthetsa vutolo, ojambulawo anapanga mfuti yafupika ya g36 (carbine) ndi kutalika kwa mbiya ya 318 mm. Koma izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mphuno yamphamvu kwambiri, monga momwe kuwombera pa kuwombera kunakula kwambiri. Kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito muyunitsi yapadera, carbine ikhoza kumalizidwa ndi usiku, wopanga zolinga, ndi kuwala kowala. Ntchito yaikulu inapitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito cartridge yomweyo monga G36. Kale mu 1996 banja ili linayambitsidwa ndi Bundeswehr, ndipo kuyambitsidwa kwapadera kunakhazikitsidwa. Zojambula zakunja zinapangidwanso, zomwe zinayikidwa poyamba ndi kalata E, ndipo kenako V. Zidakhala ndi 1.5-kupenya popanda wopanga zolinga. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, padali chitsanzo china - HK G36 C, momwe chombo chonyamulira chinasinthidwa ndi piritsi ya Picatinny, yomwe inalola kuti ipange zonse zooneka ndi zipangizo zovomerezedwa ndi NATO.

Sewani ntchito

Kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti koyamba kunachitika panthawi ya nkhondo ku Kosovo, kumene Bundeswehr adatenga mbali. Izi zinapangitsa kuyesa zida zomwe zili zofanana ndi zida zankhondo monga momwe Ajeremani sanachite nawo nkhondo. Komabe, mfutiyo inatsimikizira kuti kulimbana kwake kwakukulu, kukhazikika, kuthekera kugwira ntchito pansi pa zifukwa zilizonse ndi kudalirika. Panopa, magulu a G36 akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu a Germany ku Afghanistan, kuyambira 2001. Komanso, mfuti ya HK G36 inagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya nkhondo ya ku Chechnya, gawo lina linagwidwa ndi asilikali a ku Russia monga zipilala.

Pakali pano, mfuti ya German G36 imakhala ndi mayiko angapo - Lithuania, Spain, Great Britain, mabungwe apadera a United States, Poland, France ndi Albania.

Airsoft ndi mapulogalamu ena

Heckler & Koch tsopano akupereka zida kwa msika wa asilikali. Makamaka, pofuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa adapanga chitsanzo cha SL8, chokonzekera kuwombera kamodzi kokha. Komanso pali airsoft (G36 - mfuti, airsoft yomwe imakhala yosangalatsa ndi yosavuta kugwira ntchito), kusaka ndi kusintha masewera, omwe, monga "kholo", amasonyeza makhalidwe apadera ndi zotsatira.

Kotero, mosakayika, mfuti ya G36 ndi imodzi mwa zida zapamwamba - ndizowoneka, zodalirika, zokhazikika, zogwira mtima kwambiri pazomwe zimalimbana ndi zolondola. Komabe, ndizofala ndipo sizinsinsi - G36 - mfuti, chithunzi chomwe chingapezeke mosavuta pa intaneti kapena m'mabuku.