French wolemba Sharl Monteske: yochepa yonena

Sharl Monteske - French wolemba, katswiri wa nzeru ndi loya, dzina lake linamera mizu mu mbiri ya mapangidwe ziphunzitso anthu malamulo. Iye anadziwika chiphunzitso cha Kulekana kwa mphamvu za, kuti linakhalapo alitcha nzeru zapamwamba French. Komabe, nkhani ya moyo wake umaposa lingaliro ili limodzi.

ubwana

Yekha ankachita nawo njira yake Charles-Lui De Secondat, imadziwika Sharl Monteske. yonena wake kumayambira banja Labred m'linga, Suli kutali Bordeaux, mu 1689. atate wake Jacques inakula kwambiri, ndipo Charles wamng'ono analeredwa zinthu banjalo. Mayi ake, pang'ono amadziwika, kusiyapo mfundo kuti malowolo ake m'gulu zatchulidwazi La Brad Castle, ndipo iye ankasiyana yachipembedzo kwambiri ndi propensity kwa zongoganiza. Iye anamwalira ali ndi zaka 7 ndi zaka 3 Patapita bambo ake anam'tumiza ku koleji pa obisika Zhyuli zochokera Oratory. Ngakhale kuti anali pasukulu ya Akatolika, kuti analandila maphunziko yolembedwa. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira mabuku akale nakhala chidwi nzeru, amene anali wolumikizana moyo wake wonse zina.

kuphunzira chilamulo

Montesquieu anali mwayi kudzabadwira ku M'badwo wa Choonadi, pamene paliponse lidatsirizika ulamuliro wa kuganiza ndi chifukwa. Mu 1705 anabwerera ku koleji kuti kunyumba kwake, kumene nthawi yake yonse yopuma anayamba kupereka chitukuko cha jurisprudence. Linali amakakamizidwa kufunika koposa kumulakalaka woona, ndipo pa nthawi ankaona zovuta kumvetsa. Kufunika kuphunzira malamulo anali malinga ndi chakuti Sharl Monteske m'tsogolo amayenera kutenga malo aphungu, amene adzapita kwa iye ndi cholowa. Mu 1713, bambo ake anamwalira Charles, ndipo iye m'manja mwa bambo akewo.

Zotsatira za Baron de A Secondat

Pa moyo wa amalume ake anayesetsa kwambiri kuti akwatiwe mphwake. kusankha ake anali Wolemekezeka Zhanne Lartig. kusankha Izi zinali zochokera osati chikondi osati kunja atsikana deta, koma pa kukula kwa malowolo ake. Ukwati analonjeza mavuto angapo amagwirizana ndi nkhani zokhudza chipembedzo, koma iwo anakwanitsa kufika pafupi chifukwa cha maphunziro malamulo a Charles. Mu 1715 ukwati. Patapita chaka chimodzi, amalume anga anamwalira, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake mnyamata cholowa amapita ku mutu wa Baron. Kuyambira tsopano izo - Monteske Sharl Lui De Secondat. Komanso, kutembenuka ake mwayi waukulu, ndipo positi wapampando wa nyumba yamalamulo wa Bordeaux. Nthawi zambiri anatumikira kumeneko monga woweruza, kodi anali ndi zochitika, monga kale ntchito ngati mlangizi ndipo anali wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa bwalo mzinda.

ntchito

Sharl Monteske kwatunthu kwenikweni ndimakonda lamanja, koma zaka khumi njira udindo ntchito zawo munyumba yamalamulo. Mu 1726 iye amagulitsa udindo wake monga nthawi kuti anali ambiri ndipo anasamukira ku Paris. Ngakhale kuti ntchito imeneyi sanali moyo kuitanako Montesquieu, analandira zinachitikira kwambiri zomwe akhala akugwira kwa iye kulemba ntchito m'tsogolo. Choncho, kusuntha akuyamba mabuku ntchito yake. Atalemba mapepala ambiri ndi essays pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Iye amakhala membala wa andale club "Mezzanine" imene Chikukambidwa uthenga dziko, zochitika tsiku ndi ntchito ya ophunzira. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapita ku French Academy, ndipo mu kufanana ndi kulemba anapitiriza.

ntchito Major

Pa moyo wake mu Bordeaux kwawo Sharl Monteske analemba essays ambiri ndi zolemba pa sayansi zachilengedwe. Ena mwa iwo ndi monga "Pa zimayambitsa sakusiyana," "Pa poika zopangitsa ndi aimpso", "Pa mafunde a." Iwo anamuthandiza mu umembala wa Academy wa Bordeaux, komwe anakhala zambiri zatsopano. Natural - izi ndi mbali ina imene chidwi wolemba, koma ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri akuderabe boma, malamulo ndi ndale. Mu 1721, mu kuwala adzatuluke buku lake lotchedwa "Persian Letters" imene yomweyo amachititsa namondwe wa zokambirana. Mwatsoka, iye analetsedwa koma kokha opindulitsa zimakhudzanso bwino, chifukwa wolemba bwino anabweretsa zithunzi za anthu nthawi imeneyo.

Koma ntchito zikuluzikulu zolemba zake, zomwe mwina aliyense anamva, anali ndemanga "Mzimu wa Malamulo". Ntchito pa izo watenga zaka zambiri, imene Charles wayenda pafupifupi onse a ku Ulaya, kuphunzira dongosolo la ndale, miyambo, makhalidwe lamanja la Germany, England, Italy ndi Holland. Uliwonse dziko, anasonkhanitsa zambiri zothandiza zomwe akhala akugwira kwa iye buku la chachikulu cha moyo. Mu 1731, kukusonyeza kuti mathero, ndipo Montesquieu anabwerera ku dziko lakwawo, kumene kwa zaka wotsatira anakhala mu ntchito mwakhama ndi mawunikidwe pa mabuku awiri "Mzimu wa Malamulo", limene linasindikizidwa mu 1748.

Nzeru za anthu ndi waukulu malingaliro

malingaliro zili m'buku la "Mzimu wa Malamulo," zakhala zofunika kwambiri mu chitukuko cha boma, osati France komanso dziko lonse. Iye akulankhula za gulu la mphamvu mu nthambi 3: Yolamula, malamulo ndi zachiweruzo. Iye anati pophatikizana zingachititse kuti malamulo, chitsanzo ichi kuyenera kukhalapo m'mayiko onse, kaya mawonekedwe awo a boma. Mawu akuti "chiphunzitso cha Kulekana kwa mphamvu za" anali woyamba kutchulidwa ndi kutanthauziridwa mu ntchito yake Sharl Monteske. Wafilosofi ndi woganiza Dzhon Lokk ali nawo ntchito chitukuko cha chakudya yaikulu ya chiphunzitso chimenechi Komabe bwino ndi changwiro anali French wolemba.

Chimodzi mwa nkhani zikuluzikulu mu ntchito yake ndi kufotokoza malamulo a moyo ndi aliyense anthu. Iye akuti zambiri za ubale wa miyambo, makhalidwe ndi chipembedzo ndi malamulo, ndilo lililonse kwa mitundu ina ya boma. Mu imeneyi anali othandiza kwambiri kudziwa kuti iye anapeza pa zaka kuyenda. Kenako, ambiri maganizo amene ali mu ntchito "Mzimu wa Malamulo," akhala yofunika kwambiri kuti Constitution US ndi zinthu zina zogwirizana malamulo.

Personal moyo ndi imfa

N'zovuta kuyankha funso la munthu wotani anali Sharl Monteske. Mwachidule mbiri, kani, limasonyeza zopereka zake pa mbiri ya ganizo ndale ndi malamulo, koma khalidwe la makhalidwe chete. Amadziwika kuti iye sanali mwamuna wokhulupirika, koma mkazi wake anali aulemu. Iye anali mayi wa atsikana awiri okongola ndi mnyamata amene Charles, ndithudi, wokondedwa. Pafupifupi moyo wake wonse zoyenera sayansi, kuwerenga ndi kulingalira. Iye anagwirira ntchito zambiri mu laibulale, amene anabadwa wa ntchito zake zazikulu.

Akuti iye anali munthu Otetezedwa, pafupifupi nthawi ufulu anakhala yekha, ndipo anatsegula yekha kutseka abwenzi. M'kuunika anadza kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri mu salons, kumene palibe munthu analankhula, koma anthu chabe anaonerera anasonkhana kumeneko. Mu 1754, Montesquieu anapita ku Paris kuti kupereka thandizo malamulo mnzake, Professor La Bommel. Pali iye anayamba kudwala chibayo ndipo anamwalira pa February 10, 1755. Komabe, ntchito zake amaona mwambo ndi moyo wosatha.