Eritrea: kufotokoza mwachidule mbali ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Dziko African la Eritrea ili pa nsonga kumadzulo kwa lipenga la Africa, ku gombe ofunda ndi louma la Nyanja Yofiira, dzina Greek limene zichokela dzina la Italy boma la chitsamunda. Ngakhale kukula kwake yaing'ono, dziko ndi m'mphepete mwa mayiko atatu, lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo lili ndi zilumba zingapo lalikulu m'nyanja.

Kuda chitukuko wakale

Lomwe tsopano Eritrea anapeza magalimoto wakale akalambula anthu ogwidwa ofanana ndi anthu amakono a dongosolo mafupa.

Louma nyengo ya m'mbali nkotheka kupeza umboni wakuti kukhalapo mu Horn la Africa, anthu akale. Anasunga mafupawa osati Neolithic, komanso zithunzi zambiri m'mapanga.

M'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Red Sea, gulu lonse la ofufuza zonse kupeza zipangizo za anthu akale amene iwo ntchito m'zigawo chuma m'madzi, monga molluscs ndi zipolopolo awo, ndi nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito wosazindikira nsomba mbedza.

Komanso, akatswiri a zinenero amakhulupirira kuti masiku zinenero Afro-muthu ali mbadwa chinenero, poyamba anaonekera pa Horn la Africa.

Ufumu wakale wa Aksum

Ngakhale boma lino la Eritrea si kukumbutsa za ukulu zapitazi, koma ali ndi mbiri olemera ndi yaitali. Pa maiko pamodzi ndi Red Sea gombe kale kubwera kwa Chikhristu panali boma ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri kuyambira. Anthu a mayiko amenewa kutulutsa katundu wa m'nyumba kaso, mwa munali mankhwala mkuwa wochuluka masiku ano mu Museum wa Antiquities ku likulu la dziko la Eritrea.

Ndipo ngakhale ubale ndi chikhalidwe amadzinenera osati Eritrea koma Ethiopia, kumzinda waukulu wa Ufumu Old akadali mu gawo la Eritrea ndipo amatchedwa Axum.

Kusakhazikika kwa ndale ndi vuto lokhudza anthu

Eritrea ndi limodzi mwa ovutika ambiri mu Africa. Ichi ndi chifukwa mavuto azachuma ndi ndale yomwe dziko sanali khumi zoyambirira. Komanso pali mavuto aakulu ndi mwambo ufulu wa anthu ndi boma.

Azungu ambiri wamba mwina si bwino kwambiri kumene dziko la Eritrea Komabe, boma amakopa chidwi cha maiko a kunja ananena nawo zinthu ufulu wa anthu. Ndipo ine ndiyenera kuti lero zokometsera ambiri pafupi ndi koti boma la dziko kuti milandu yaikulu nkhondo.

Choyamba zotsutsa zonse ku United Nations akuitana misa asilikali a ana. Chifukwa cha zandale chifukwa cha ndale ndi nkhondo zaposachedwapa pa gawo adatsutsana ndi Ethiopia, dziko lili ndi pafupifupi palibe ulamuliro pa malire boma kuti amalola magulu osiyana ulere pochitika malire ndi Sudan, Ethiopia ndi akumenya vuto lokhudza anthu ku Djibouti. Magulu kum'tenga ana mayunitsi nkhondo ndi cholinga kuwagwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha kuba ndi kuberana kwazaluso. Nthawi zambiri, nkhani imeneyi asilikali a nkhanza m'banja mwanayo kuti: makolo nthawi zambiri anaphedwa, amayi ozunzidwa ndi alongo.

Asilikali a dziko la Eritrea ndi limodzi mwa yaikulu mu Africa, koma si mokwanira ogwira. Mwalamulo, utumiki ayenera kuonedwa ndi amuna ndi akazi pa zaka theka, koma malinga ndi bungwe "Atolankhani popanda Borders" ndi makomiti ufulu wa utumiki ukhoza kwa zaka zambiri kapena kwa moyo.

Komabe, mabungwe mayiko sangathe ukasintha kusintha zinthu.

Likulu la dziko African la Eritrea

Asmara City ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa miliyoni. Ngati mitu zina zambiri, ndi mzinda waukulu mu dziko, amene kuwonjezera mabungwe lolunjika ndipo anakakonza likulu, mafakitale ndi chuma aluntha a dziko, anaikira mu mayunivesite ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi.

mzinda ili pa mtunda wautali panyanja mu nyengo youma ndi yotenthera si kotentha ndi kotentha. Komabe, monga onse a dziko , Eritrea, likulu ili m'dera ndi mpweya wochepa miyezi itatu m'chilimwe. Nthawi imeneyi, mvula pachaka osachepera 8 mm, amene pamodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha amalenga zofunika kwa chipululu mofulumira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dzuwa la ulimi m'madera izi sizingatheke.

Capital Culture

Ngakhale mikangano yoopsa ndi Eritreans ndi ku Italy, ku Italy boma la chitsamunda ndipo anachita zinthu zambiri zabwino Eritrea. Iwo makamaka zikugwira ntchito yomanga zomangamanga zoyendera ndi chitukuko cha ulimi. Likulu la dziko African la Eritrea - mzinda Asmara, amene wateteza ntchito yake kuyambira nthawi ya Italy Dongosolo atsamunda.

Asmara, ntchito Italy, akatswiri ambiri zomangamanga wa Dubai ano, pamene mapulani nazo m'maganizo malire ndi ndege, ndi boma ndi wokonzeka thumba zatsopano kwambiri kufika. Kuyambira nthawi osangalatsa amenewa anakhalabe zisudzo za dziko loyamba, zisudzo ndi nyumba ya Bank State. Mu mzinda uwu wa Benito Mussolini ankafuna kuti akonze njuchi ofanana ndi mu Ufumu wa Roma.

Mwatsoka, nthawi ya ufulu kwa Italy, Eritrea wakhala angapo koopsa usilikali, anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa lomwe chuma pa dziko. Urban atsamunda zomangamanga amadziwikanso kwenikweni ndi chimphepochi.

Koma, ngakhale mavuto aakulu chuma, mu Asmara liziyenda University Goudarstvenny ndi luso Institute, kumene nzika mukhoza kupeza maphunziro luso ndi zothandiza anthu mu ukatswiri zosiyanasiyana. Likulu la Eritrea akhale mzinda umene kuyamba ndi chitsitsimutso chuma dziko.

Kupondereza ndi ufulu wa atolankhani

Eritrea ndi nkhani yaikulu ya mabungwe ambiri ufulu wa anthu. Mmodzi wa kuyan'anila chidwi kwambiri ndi kwadalako ufulu wa anthu ndi nkhani ya Isaki, mtolankhani Davide. Mtolankhani, ndi wapawiri dziko la Eritrea ndi Sweden, m'ndendemo dziko la Eritrea kwa zaka 15 opanda mlandu ndi mbakonda chiweruzo.

msangani uwu unayamba mu 2001, Isaki, pamodzi ndi atolankhani ena linatulutsa kalata lotseguka wopita kwa maulamuliro ndi kunena kuti mwambo wa lamulo ladziko.

Pomwepo kumbuyo buku Pambuyo kumangidwa Unyinji wa atolankhani amene anasaina kalata, ndipo ngakhale khama la mabungwe lonse, tsoka la ambiri a iwo akadali silidziŵika. Pa nthawi yomweyo Isaac linatulutsidwa yekha mu 2016, patatha zaka khumi ndi zisanu m'ndende. Pomwepo atamasulidwa, UNESCO waganiza mphoto yake Guillermo Cano Prize, amaitcha kuti khama ndi kuona mtima utolankhani.

Eritrea: mchere

Mu dongosolo la dziko la Eritrea mchere chuma si zatenga malo ofunika kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka zandale, limawaletsa ndalama.

Cholowa cha makampani chuma cha dziko alibe upambana 29%, ndi malonda ambiri osasamalika kwambiri kapena inawonongedwa. Pankhani chuma mchere, ambiri a iwo opangidwa artisanal ndi sikumangotikhudza katundu dziko angathe. A gawo kwambiri zogulitsa kunja kokha zinazake zochokera m'madzi ndi evaporation a sayansi wosazindikira nyanja mchere.

Nkhondo ndi uchigawenga amavutika kukula

M'mbiri ake, ufulu wa Eritrea anali pa nkhondo ndi anansi ake, Akuonetsetsa zigawenga imachitika m'mayiko ena, kapena kukhala ndi kupondereza yogwira nzika yake.

The zikuchitika za chuma dziko la Eritrea ndi anthu akhala akwaniritsa chifukwa cha nkhondo opusa ndi Ethiopia, yomwe inayamba mu 1998 ndipo inatha patapita zaka ziwiri.

Panthawi imeneyi akuvutika chifukwa cha nkhondo anayamba zikwizikwi nzika za mayiko onse. m'mayiko awiriwa kukhala wochitachita mu Nkhondo ya ana ndi akazi, ndi chifukwa kuti malire pakati pa amuna onyamula zida ndiponso anthu wamba anali achotsa, ndi chiwerengero cha anthu osalakwa unakula. The nkhondoyo inatha ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Eritrea ndi United Nations anaganiza kuika malire ace ochepa amasangalatsa asilikali.

chuma dziko kuyambira pamenepo ndipo alibe anachira, osankhika ndale ndi akumenya zokhota ndi nkhanza, pamene Europe kwambiri chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha othawa ku Eritrea, ambiri amene amayenda maulendo ataliatali ndi chiopsezo cha moyo wake, anawoloka Nyanja Mediterranean kukhala m'dera la kum'mwera European mayiko, koma makamaka Italy.

Ntchito ya mayiko kuthetsa vutoli

The mabungwe amatumiza thandizo akuwonjezerekabe kuti Eritrea mu kuchuluka chachikulu, koma Popeza kuti mu malo oyamba, Eritrea - Dziko mu Africa, popanda nawo yogwira Africa mu olimba a zinthu zidzakhala zosatheka. Komabe, boma la Eritrea, malinga anaona kuti boma UN, sizikupanga khama chifukwa cha normalization ubale ndi anansi.

Mwachitsanzo, pa mbali ya malipoti boma Chisomali thandizo dziko la Eritrea kwa gulu la zigaŵenga la Chisilamu makhoti Union, lirikulimbana ndi boma la Somalia. Koma chiyembekezo cha coexistence mtendere wa maiko oyandikana akadali Ndipotu, monga maiko ena Eritrea ndi membala wa UN ndi amakakamizidwa kutsatira chigamulo cha matupi wamkulu ake.