Electrolysis madzi. ndondomeko Kodi ndi mmene inu mufunira kuti

Otchedwa electrolysis makamaka physico-mankhwala ndondomeko imene madzi kapena, mu kulankhula kwina, electrolyte linagawanika mu ayoni zabwino ndi zoipa. Izi zimachitika mchikakamizo cha magetsi. Nanga amatenga ndondomeko imeneyi?

Electrolysis wa madzi kumachitika chifukwa chakuti magetsi kudutsa electrolyte ya amayambitsa zotsatira pa maelekitirodi, zimene adayikidwa ndi ayoni zabwino ndi zoipa. Pa elekitirodi zoipa mlandu (cathode) ndi waikamo cations, motero, mu zabwino (anode) - anions. The electrolyte chingakhale wa madzi, kumene asidi anawonjezera, kapena ndi m'chere. Azingokhala zitsulo salt ndi asidi zotsalira pambuyo poti electrolyte wadutsa kudzera magetsi. Mlandu zitsulo zabwino magetsi wosakanikirana kwa cathode (zoipa mlandu elekitirodi), womwe ndi zitsulo amatchedwa cation. Acid zotsalira, ndi zoipa mlandu, amamuchititsa kuti anode (a ndithu mlandu elekitirodi), ndipo akutchedwa anion. Electrolysis umathandiza chiphaso cha salt bwino kutsukidwa zinthu, choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthambi zosiyanasiyana za mafakitale zamakono.

Electrolysis wa madzi ndi yofunika kwambiri masiku ano, monga zikwi mabizinesi ntchito madzi magawo munthu kupanga ake. Izi anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti pambuyo ambiri njira imene ikuchitika mabizinezi, madzi pambuyo ntchito amakhala owopsa kwa anthu ndi madzimadzi zinyama. Madzi electrolysis ntchito mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe sayenera kulowa pansi kapena gwero la madzi oyera. madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kutsukidwa pofuna kupewa ngozi zachilengedwe, chiopsezo umene uli kale ndithu mkulu m'madera ambiri a Russia.

Masiku ano pali njira zingapo electrolysis madzi. Zikuphatikizapo electroextraction, electrocoagulation ndi electroflotation. Electrolysis wa madzi ntchito kukonza madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, umatulutsa maselo electrolysis. Awa ndi nyumba yapadera, imene zinthu organic ali decomposed mu zitsulo, zidulo ndi zinthu zina za thupi gulu chiyambi zochita kupanga. Makamaka zofunika mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale woopsawo monga makampani mankhwala, pamene pali ntchito ndi mkuwa ndi kutsogolera, komanso zomera popanga utoto, lacquers, enamels. Ndithudi, izi si njira yotsika mtengo wa ayeretsedwe madzi ntchito electrolysis, koma ndalama kugwirizana ndi mankhwala a madzi, sapita ku poyerekeza aliyense kuti thanzi la munthu ndi malo malingaliro.

Mfundo zosangalatsa, koma n'zotheka kuchita electrolysis wa madzi panyumba. Zimenezi satenga kwambiri nthawi ndi ndalama ndi adzalola kuti atulutse mpweya ndi wa hydrogen. Mu chidebe cha madzi, mmene chisanadze kusungunuka mchere (mchere ndi zofunika kutenga osachepera ¼ buku la madzi), maelekitirodi awiri zasiyidwa. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi zitsulo aliyense. maelekitirodi The olumikiza magetsi ndi mphamvu panopa osachepera 0.5 A. Mu umodzi wa maelekitirodi anapanga thovu, zimene zikusonyeza kuti electrolysis madzi zinthu m'banja bwino. Njira tingawadziwe caustic koloko, chlorine, ndi zinthu zina mankhwala, malinga zomwe zili electrolyte lapansi. Madzi a m'magazi ntchito madzi electrolysis plazmoteplolizerah. Izi zatsopano chipangizo chamakono opaleshoni modes plasma electrolysis wa madzi ndi magetsi ake mwachindunji kutentha zina. Madzi a m'magazi electrolysis wa madzi limachititsa kutulutsa mitundu mphamvu zatsopano, zomwe tsiku lililonse zambiri kufunika kwa anthu. The mphamvu kuti akhoza kupangidwa kwa madzi, adzakupatsani mwayi kulenga latsopano, otetezeka ndi ogwira mitundu zopangira magetsi. The zochitika za plasma electrolysis madzi zisanathe bwino, koma ali ndi lonjezo lalikulu choncho intensively kuphunzira ndi akatswiri a masiku ano.