Diphtheria - ndichiyani? Zoyambitsa, zizindikiro, kupewa

Amodzi mwa matenda aakulu kwambiri opatsirana - diphtheria izo. Chimene icho chiri, amadziwika kuti ambiri. matenda, kumene kumakhudza akulu ndi ana, ndi kovuta osati kuchiza, komanso matenda. Katemera ndi diphtheria chofunika ndipo ali m'gulu la Katemera ndandanda.

Pambuyo kukhudzana mabakiteriya zenizeni mu thupi la munthu ndi chitukuko mwadzidzidzi matenda. Diphtheria ndi pachimake ndipo amafuna mankhwala mwamsanga, mwinamwake pangakhale mavuto aakulu.

Diphtheria. Kodi ndi chiyani matenda oopsa?

Mu matenda amakhudza nembanemba mucous ya nasopharynx ndi oropharynx. Komanso, kukhala kuledzera ambiri, zimakhudza machitidwe mantha ndi mtima. Kutupa limodzi ndi maonekedwe a mafilimu Ulimbo, amatikumbutsa yamawangamawanga woyera. Diphtheria kungakhale chosaopsa mu chikhalidwe, popanda kuledzera chionetsedwe.

Kuopsa ndi matenda angathe asphyxia m'phuno ziwalo kupuma, myocarditis aakulu kapena pachimake adrenal insufficiency, imbaenda ku imfa. Mu matenda monga diphtheria katemera ndi njira yabwino kupewa, amene kumathandiza nthendayo ngati sichoncho, ndiye osachepera mavuto ake.

zifukwa

Tizilomboto - Bacillus Leffler, amene akulimbana kwambiri makhalidwe awo. M'mikhalidwe muyezo, bata anakhalabe kwa masabata awiri mu madzi kapena mkaka - masabata atatu pa otsika kutentha - miyezi pafupifupi isanu. Pa otentha kapena chlorine processing tizilomboto kufa mkati mphindi imodzi.

Matenda ndi m'malovu airborne kwa wodwala anthu kapena ku wathanzi mabakiteriya diphtheria chonyamulira. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi nembanemba wa mucous amapezeka nasopharyngeal diphtheria Bacillus mphezi kafalitsidwe. Izi akumasula exotoxin amene propagates kupyolera mu magazi, n'zothandiza kuwonongeka kwa minofu mtima, adrenal, impso ndi zotumphukira mantha dongosolo. Wodwalayo watentha thupi, ndi yaitali anapitiriza. Nthawi zina matenda kumachitika mwa katundu wa m'nyumba, chakudya.

Chiwopsezo kuti tizilomboto matendawa ndi waukulu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi yonena za katemera, dongosolo ofooka m'thupi, mtendere wa diphtheria Bacillus zinthu kunja.

Mitundu ndi N'zoona

Malinga malo, wakumana diphtheria oropharynx thirakiti kupuma, mphuno. Nthawi zina, diso akhudzidwa, ziwalo zoberekera, khungu. Ngati chidwi ndi matupi ambiri pa nthawi yomweyo, ndiye mawonekedwe matenda chotchedwa pamodzi.

Mawonekedwe ambiri matenda ndi diphtheria oropharynx (za 95% milandu). Poyamba, kutentha wodwalayo limatuluka pang'ono, kutola zizindikiro za kuledzera, pali kuwawa mwa zimfundo ndi mafupa, mutu, kufooka, wotumbululuka khungu, utachepa kudya.

Diphtheria oropharynx isanafalikire, wamba ndi poizoni, hypertoxic.

Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mu isanafalikire (wofatsa) mawonekedwe. Pa anayendera zithunzi pa isanayambike ndi wapezeka ❖ kuyanika yoyera tonsils m'mbali lakuthwa ndi dongosolo yosalala mucosa yowala mtundu wofiira. Patapita nthawi ya zolengeza amakhala imvi kapena chikasu imvi. Izo sizingakhoze kuchotsedwa. Mukayamba kuchita ndi tweezers, akhala bala magazi. Ululu mu mmero pamene Pomeza zimachitika.

mawonekedwe Common ndi zochepa wamba. Yodziwika ndi chakuti anaukira okutidwa osati tonsils, koma palatal Chipilala, lilime, pharynx, kutupa ndi redness ndi zowawa zambiri kutchulidwa ndi zolimbitsa. Zolengeza kutha m'zaka za milungu iwiri.

Pamene mtundu poizoni nyamuka mofulumira kutentha kwa 39,5-41 ° C, kukula zizindikiro chamoyo kuledzera uka ululu pamimba, mutu kwambiri, kugona, ulesi, kutupa ziwalo kuonongeka, wotumbululuka khungu. chilankhulo angapezeke woyera ❖ kuyanika. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda limapezeka kukuwa chifuwa, chifukwa edema laryngeal wodwalayo yopumula, pali imfa ya mawu.

Pakuti mtundu hypertoxic yodziwika ndi zizindikiro kwambiri kuledzera. munthu anakomoka. Ngati mankhwala si anayamba mu nthawi, kungachititse kuti imfa. Kulephera kwa m'thupi kumachitika, totupa limapezeka pa thupi, magazi mu nembanemba mucous pa mundawo m'mimba.

diphtheria croup

Diphtheria (oona) monga chimanga akhoza isanafalikire ndi ambiri. The kukula kwa matenda chimadalira pa mlingo wa insufficiency kupuma.

Zizindikiro za diphtheria ya m'phuno kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Mu nthawi catarrhal, wodwalayo mawu mawu, kukuwa chifuwa, malungo pang'ono. Pambuyo limodzi kapena masiku awiri choipa chifuwa, amavutika kupuma pa inspiratory mluzu phokoso likumveka.

Pa nthawi yachiwiri - stenotic, wodwalayo akuvutika Makanema a chifuwa spasmodic kuti chimakhala cha 2 Mphindi 30. Munthu amakhala cyanotic, amalembedwa pallor a makona nasolabial, kuchuluka thukuta.

Pambuyo nyengo izi zimachitika asphyxial, yodziwika ndi kugona, ulesi, pallor a khungu, khunyu, kuthamanga otsika magazi. Ngati wodwala si nthawi kupereka chithandizo, munthu amafa.

mawonekedwe diphtheria Lolani ana aang'ono, achikulire ndi anthu ndi chitetezo chokwanira ofooka, amene amayamba chifukwa chomwa mowa, kutupikana.

diphtheria mphuno

Izi mawonekedwe a matenda si zovuta. Iwo amakhala ndi maonekedwe a purulent rhinitis, mucosa m'mphuno ali ndi zilonda, kukhudza, amawonjezereka nkhope m'dera la masaya ndi maso. Kutentha kapena uthunthu yachibadwa kapena pang'ono kukwezeka, palibe kuledzera. Malo ozungulira mphuno sakumvetsa, zikuoneka lonyowa ndi khirisipi. Pankhani ya maonekedwe poizoni wa matenda amawonjezereka subcutaneous minofu masaya ndi m'makosi.

diphtheria diso

Izi mawonekedwe a matenda akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi conjunctivitis wamba. Matendawa yodziwika ndi redness ndi kutupa wofatsa kwa zaka za m'ma conjunctiva. Pamene pali pang'ono catarrhal mawonekedwe serosuppurative kukha. Pamene membranous mawonekedwe pa conjunctiva kuoneka imvi woyera mafilimu ndi ovuta kuchotsedwa, kutentha ndi pang'ono kukwezeka. nkhungu yoopsa ali ndi isanayambike pachimake. The zikope asamatupe, pali Kugawilidwa kwanthaka sukrovichno-purulent khalidwe. Magawo a khungu kuzungulira maso ndi sanamve bwino ndi kukhala yonyowa, mapadi kutupikana padziko mwake diso.

Diphtheria wa khungu, kumaliseche, makutu

mitundu ina ya diphtheria n'zochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri azitha Integrated ndi njira zina za matendawa. mitundu zonsezi mawonetseredwe wamba matenda: kutupa, redness a khungu ndi mucous zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, fibrinous ❖ kuyanika pa zinkakhala m'dera, chofuna ndi chopweteka dera lymph mfundo.

Pamene diphtheria mwamuna kumaliseche ndondomeko pathological ali anaikira mu khungu ndi. Mu akazi, ingafalire kwa perineum, chotulukira, nyini ndi adani labia. Pa nthawi yomweyo zikhoza magazi serous. Kuvutika kukodza, izo zimakhala zopweteka.

Mu diphtheria khungu pathological ndondomeko akufotokozera m'chigawo amene anaikira intertrigo, mabala, chikanga kapena bowa. Zikuoneka zauve imvi ❖ kuyanika pa khungu, ndipo serous-mafinya. General kuledzera si anati.

Payokha n'zotheka kusankha mtundu wa matenda ndi hemorrhagic diphtheria. Ndi chiyani icho? Mu njira imeneyi pali magazi kuchokera zinkakhala m'dera. mankhwala inayenda bwino, ndikofunika kudziwa ngati ichi ndi chizindikiro cha diphtheria kapena ochiritsira chotengera zoopsa. Kuti muchite izi muyenera khutu ku mmene wodwalayo ndi kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zina.

diagnostics

Kuchokera pa kuyendera zithunzi ndi kukhalapo mafilimu yeniyeni, kufupika kwa mpweya ndi mkokomo waukulu pa kudzoza, kukuwa chifuwa anapezeka ndi "diphtheria". Matendawa zikuphatikizapo njira zina ndi maphunziro ntchito kuzindikira tizilombo ta yeniyeni oterewa mawonekedwe atypical matendawa.

Zikatero, ntchito njira bacteriological kafukufuku, omwe ndi kuti wodwalayo kutenga swab wa diphtheria ku pharynx ndi. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza inu kudziwa tizilomboto ndi kuphunzira makhalidwe ake poizoni.

The njira serological chofunika kudziwa mlingo wa chitetezo chokwanira mavuto kudziwika antitoxic ndi chitetezo antibacterial.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira majini anayesedwa tizilomboto DNA.

diphtheria chithandizo

Kaya cha zovuta matenda, diphtheria akuluakulu ndi ana ankachitira yekha m'chipatala. Wodwala n'kudziphatika kwa zakudya ndi pogona zina. Pofuna n'chongoletsa ndi diphtheria exotoxin ndi kusiya kuledzera kutumikiridwa diphtheria seramu (PDS). mankhwala ayenera kuperekedwa posachedwapa, izi kupewa chitukuko cha matendawo. Makamaka zothandiza masiku 4 kuyambira kumayambiliro. mankhwala ntchito ngakhale milandu matenda amaganiziridwa pambuyo kukhudzana ndi munthu wodwala.

Komanso wodwalayo Kwalamulidwa njira ya mankhwala, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilomboto, ndi zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchepetsedwa. Childs ntchito "Ampicillin" "Amoxicillin", "Cephalexin", "Oksitsillin". Ngati ndi kotheka, kusankha mahomoni (kukonzekera prednisolone), mankhwala ( "Diazolin" "Suprastin" neri Al.), Antipyretics, mavitamini.

Pofuna kupewa stenosis, chipinda ayenera bwino mpweya wokwanira, mtima ulipo kuti amwe otentha mu mawonekedwe a tiyi kapena mkaka ndi makeke, nthunzi inhalation. Kuchepetsa hypoxia kutumikiridwa humidified mpweya kudzera m'mphuno catheter. Ngati mankhwala amenewa si kuthandiza kusintha alili, kuti akapatsidwa "Prednisolone".

Ngati wodwala wakhala pachimake kupuma kulephera zinachitika, mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika kukhwimitsa mwamsanga kuchotsa filimu. Chifukwa chaichi, ntchito mbano, magetsi mpope. Zikavuta kwambiri simungakhoze kuchita popanda opaleshoni. The wodwala kutumikiridwa chubu mukupuma m'phuno kapena trachea.

Mu aakulu diphtheria poizoni, laryngeal diphtheria, matenda mankhwala mantha ndi mavuto ena oopsa a wodwalayo kuchipatala mu odwala mwakayakaya.

zosokonezeka

The poizoni, umene umabala diphtheria Bacillus, pomwepo odzipereka mu m'magazi, izo zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu ndiponso oopsa. Iwo yeniyeni (poizoni) ndi omwe sanali enieni.

Kukula kwa yeniyeni zambiri kumachitika pamene mawonekedwe poizoni wa matenda, ngakhale kuli kotheka mitundu ina. Zovuta monga myocarditis, neuritis, syndrome nephrotic.

Myocarditis angakhale oyambirira ndi mochedwa. Mwamsanga ndi sabata 1-2 matenda. Pa katundu, mwapang'onopang'ono kulephera mtima. Odwala ndi ululu m'mimba, kusanza, zimachitika umafulumizitsa. Pali systolic mtima musadandaule, arrhythmias, mwadzidzidzi kuchepa magazi. Kuchuluka chiwindi ndi kukhala tcheru.

Mochedwa myocarditis, amene akufotokozera mu masabata 3-4, ali ndi zambiri mtima wabwino zedi.

A vuto lililonse la diphtheria - oyambirira ndi mochedwa flaccid ziwalo. Mu sabata lachiwiri la matenda ya khateyo ziwalo oyambirira misempha cranial. Wodwala akukhala m'mphuno mawu, amalembedwa vuto Pomeza, pakalibe wa reflex kuti m'kamwa zofewa. Nthawi zina wodwala kuwerenga ndi sasiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu zazing'ono.

Patapita masabata 4-5, izo zikhoza kukhala mochedwa flaccid ziwalo. Yafupika bongo tendon, amalembedwa minofu kufooka, mkhutu kugwirizana.

Ngati minofu anadabwa wa khosi ndi thunthu, munthu sangathe kukhala mu malo pansi, ndi zovuta kusunga mutu wanu. Mwina chitukuko cha laryngeal ziwalo, pharynx, zakulera. Zimenezi zimabweretsa imfa ya mawu ndi maonekedwe a chifuwa chete, wodwalayo lovuta kulitsatira, m'mimba mawere.

Mu gawo pachimake matenda ya khateyo syndrome nephrotic. The mkodzo zimawonedwa kochulukira kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, kuposa maselo yachibadwa ofiira ndi maselo oyera. Choncho ntchito aimpso si chakhungu.

Kuti mupewe mavuto omwe si yeniyeni monga chibayo, media otitis, lymphadenitis, ndi ena.

kaonedwe

Kuti madokotala ananena zawo zimadalira nkobvuta matenda kumachitika diphtheria seramu kuchokera nthawi ya mankhwala, komanso chitukuko cha mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Mu wachiwiri kwa tsiku lachisanu la matenda imfa kumachitika makamaka mu mawonekedwe a diphtheria poizoni. Chifukwa - mantha poizoni ndi asphyxia. Patapita masabata awiri kapena atatu kuchokera isanayambike imfa matenda angayambe ku myocarditis kwambiri.

kupewa

Kupewa kuposa kuchiza, makamaka woopsa ngati monga diphtheria. Kodi izo, ife kale anapeza, koma kodi inu mudziteteze? Waukulu muyeso njira ndi - ndi katemera, yomwe ikuchitika malinga chiwembu kwa zaka miyezi 3, mu masiteji atatu. Katemera wa matendawa izi zili m'gulu la Katemera ndandanda. ntchito DTP katemera kapena zina chikukhudza ndi diphtheria toxoid. Akulu amafunikira chilimbikitso kukhalabe chitetezo chokwanira ndi diphtheria.

Kaya kupanga katemera ndi diphtheria? Kumene, katemera - uwu si chitsimikizo kuti simungathe kudwala, koma matenda kudzachitika mosavuta ndi wopanda mavuto aakulu. revaccination wamkulu ikuchitika zaka khumi zilizonse.

Woyenera kupewa diphtheria kuti kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda. Wodwala ayenera yomweyo amatha kupatula ndi kufufuza anthu amene anali naye. Kuzindikiritsidwa Corynebacterium diphtheria onyamula komanso wodzipatula ndi mankhwala mankhwala kutero.

Mu kindergartens ndi masukulu anayambitsa kwaokha malo, imene mtima, mankhwala. Wodwala ayenera kukhala mu chipatala kufikira wochiritsidwayo, lomwe zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero awiri ndi zotsatira zoipa.

Munthu amene anadwala matenda amene umabala chitetezo chokwanira chosakhalitsa. Patapita zaka khumi, iye akhoza kachiwiri odwala, koma matenda kudzachitika mosavuta.

Kulephera kutsatira mfundo za katemera ndi revaccination yafupika kusagwirizana chitetezo chokwanira antidiphtheria ndipo prerequisites pa chitukuko cha matenda. Katemera diphtheria ndi wofatsa, zosokonezeka n'zochepa.

Nonspecific prophylaxis wa diphtheria - ndi oipa, zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya zabwino, kukhudzana ndi mpweya wabwino.