Kodi kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma (maganizo)? Sitepe ndi sitepe kalozera

Pali zosiyanasiyana odana ndi amaundana. Iwo ntchito mu machitidwe osiyana, kotero iwo akhoza kukhala ndi katundu yeniyeni. Iwo kuteteza kuwira mofulumira madzi, komanso amatha amaundana pa otsika kutentha.

Zina m'gulu zikuchokera kwa refrigerant kapena madzimadzi machitidwe Kutentha, zingamvekere moyo wawo amayembekezeka. M'pofunikanso ntchito zolondola mankhwala amenewa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kudziwa m'mene kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma (maganizo). Pali njira yeniyeni kutsata akuchititsa zinthu zimenezi. Pambuyo zoletsa kuwuma maganizo anafuna kuti sitimadzipereka pamaso ntchito.

makhalidwe General

losiyanasiyana zoletsa kuwuma ntchito mayunitsi zambiri mphamvu ndi kachitidwe. zinthu zimenezi ndi wokhoza kuteteza dongosolo ku kutenthedwa kapena kuzizira. Iwo ntchito makampani magalimoto, mu kachitidwe Kutentha, kachitidwe kuzirala, ndi zinthu zina.

opanga zambiri kubala zoletsa kuwuma mu mawonekedwe a limafotokoza zimene ziyenera kuchepetsedwa molondola. Izi kuchepetsa crystallization kutentha kwa thunthu. Choncho, momwe kuchepetsa zoletsa kuwuma maganizo ayenera kudziwa musanagwiritse ntchito thunthu.

Kapangidwe zakumwa kwambiri monga ethylene kapena propylene glycol. Opanga anawonjezera kuti zikuchokera zina zosiyanasiyana zothandiza ntchito ya zomera ndi kuteteza matenda awowo. Iwo kuteteza dongosolo ndi dzimbiri ndi kusintha avale kulimbikira kali mkati.

Kufunika kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma

Akugulitsa pali mitundu iwiri ya zoletsa kuwuma. Izi zikhoza kukhala maganizo, kapena wothandizila wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Kufunika kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma ndi madzi lagona mkulu kalasi katundu kuzirala.

Ngati refrigerant ntchito pa nyengo yotentha, madzi kuchokera osakaniza adzakhala asanduke nthunzi mwamsanga, maganizo omwewo tidzakhalabe mu dongosolo. constituent ethylene ake glycol adzakhala kusokoneza mbali ya dongosolo.

The kuyaka kwa mafuta mu injini kukuchitika kutentha kuposa madigiri 2100. No amakakamizidwa yozizira mbali analimbikitsa mlingo umene kuti upambana pakhomo poyatsira kutentha kwa mafuta. kali onse wasambitsa ankavala mofulumira kwambiri.

Komabe, funso mmene kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma (maganizo) ayenera kuthetsedwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo a opanga galimotoyo. dongosolo Kugwiritsa kuzirala ndi waluso zoipa. Choncho, kutentha mankhwala zofunika kwambiri pa madigiri 85-95.

Kachitidwe Kutentha ndi chofunika kuti asapitirire malire a vaporization. Choncho atakhala malire chapamwamba kutentha kwa zinthu zina ndi pa madigiri 95.

yozizira zotsatira

Bwino kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma kwa injini galimoto kapena Kutentha dongosolo, m'pofunika kuganizira m'munsi malire crystallization kutentha kwa thunthu.

Kotero kuti madzimadzi amaundana pa kutentha madigiri -30 mu zikuchokera zinthu zambiri anaimira mtundu wa ethylene glycol. Pamene wothira madzi n'zotheka kukwaniritsa index crystallization kumayamba pa madigiri -36.

Ngati kutentha yafupika kwambiri, madzi amakhala viscous ndipo osati kuwononga injini kapena Redieta. Kumvetsa mmene kuchepetsa zoletsa kuwuma kwa Kutentha, amanena kuti malangizo pa phukusi. Ngati wapadera Kutentha kunyumba zidzachitika mwadzidzidzi shutdown wa dongosolo Kutentha sadzalola kuichotsa mipope madzimadzi kuchokera otsika kwambiri kutentha.

otentha zoletsa kuwuma

Komanso zotsatira yozizira wa madzi zingathandize nthunzi m'badwo kwambiri. M'pofunikanso kwambiri kuwerenga malangizo, momwe bwino kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma.

Ngati dongosolo overheats, kugwira ntchito zina zidzakhala zosatheka. N'zotheka kuti ngakhale pambuyo yozizira pansi, mamembala ake sangathe kugwira bwino chifukwa kuvulala kwambiri. Choncho, kupewa zoterezi ayenera kudziwa mmene bwino kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma kwa galimoto kapena Kutentha dongosolo.

Zina mwa zinthu madzi ndi zowonjezera kupanga pakhomo ndi kuwira apamwamba kuposa madzi. Izi zipangitsa kuti m'chilimwe zoletsa kuwuma mwamsanga wiritsani kutali ndi dongosolo Kutentha sakhala overheat m'nyengo yozizira.

Zosiyanasiyana zoletsa kuwuma ndi opanga wake

Kudziwa momwe bwino kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma (maganizo) wa zopangidwa monga "Kostrol", "Nkhono", "zoletsa kuwuma-kaphatikizidwe" ndi ena, muyenera khutu ku kalasi ya madzi.

Ngati izi ndi zoletsa kuwuma G11, mtundu wobiriwira, buluu, kuwala wobiriwira. The moyo utumiki wa mankhwala Sikuti upambana zaka 3. Zinthu zimalembedwa G12, G12-Plus ndi wofiira, lalanje, utoto wofiirira. Iwo mulibe silicates, kuchititsa ndondomeko dzimbiri. zina awo kuonjezera moyo utumiki wa thunthu kwa zaka 7.

G11 ndi G12 makalasi simungakhoze kusakaniza ndi mzake. Iwo ali zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Only zoletsa kuwuma G12-kuphatikiza amatha zidzawonjezedwa kwa onse a mitundu ya maganizo.

Anthu opanga wotchuka kwambiri, malinga ndi ndemanga ogula lero ndi zopangidwa monga Mobil, ZIC, Nkhono, "zoletsa kuwuma-kaphatikizidwe", "Castrol". Zoletsa kuwuma (maganizo) wasukuluka ndi umene aliyense ayenera kudziwa pagalimoto, Choncho wasukuluka ndi madzi.

Dilution madzi

Kuti kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma ngati maganizo ndipo anamaliza madzi abwino wapadera madzi otchezedwa. N'zosatheka kuti zolinga zimenezi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mtundu wake. Makamaka sindigwiritsa ntchito wapampopi madzi kapena mitsinje, nyanja, ndi zitsime ndi zina zotero D..

mankhwala zolakwika kuti linapangidwa salt mchere. zomangira adzakhala mu ntchito kupanga mukhale chopondapo.

Kusankha momwe kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma ndi madzi, ngati magazi wapadera palibe, m'pofunika amachita njira ina. Wamba wapampopi madzi ayenera yophika pafupifupi moto theka la ora. Izi kuchotsa izo kwa kusokoneza dongosolo zakuthupi.

Anthu ena opanga amati mankhwala ao akulumikizika madzi mwachizolowezi. N'zosavuta fufuzani ndi kuthira zoletsa kuwuma mu madzi ofanana. Patapita maola 48, onani zotsatira. Matope madzi , kapena kukhalapo kwa chitayiko zikusonyeza kufunika kwa ntchito distillate.

Kusankha ndende

Popanga momwe kuchepetsa zoletsa kuwuma kachitidwe Kutentha, galimoto ndi machitidwe ena, ayenera kulabadira kutentha ntchito madzi.

maganizo Normal ali ndi yozizira koopsa kufika madigiri -65. Mu moyo wamba, zinthu izi si anakumana. Choncho, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi.

1. Kuchepetsa maganizo distillate mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Izi kuonjezera crystallization kutentha kwa madigiri -40. Mukula chifukwa ngakhale nyengo nkhanza.
2. Ngati zoletsa kuwuma kutenga malita 2 malita 3 madzi, kutentha ndi kuzizira kuuka kwa madigiri -30.
3. Chiwerengero cha 1: 2 kupereka madzi malire crystallization madigiri -20. Malinga ndi nyengo ya kumpoto, muyenera kusankha imodzi mwa njira zitatu.

Sitiyenera ovuta kuchepetsa wa maganizo. Izi kuchepetsa zotsatira zina ndi amanyoza khalidwe la madzi.

Sitepe ndi sitepe kalozera

Kumvetsa mmene kuchepetsa ndi zoletsa kuwuma (maganizo), ndiyeno m'malo mwa dongosolo, ayenera kukhala bwino malangizo stepwise m'malo.

Choyamba, zoletsa kuwuma akale ayenera chatsanulidwa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, unscrew rediyeta kapu ndi kukhetsa vavu pansi. Kachitidwe anali ndiye osambitsidwa ndi madzi otchezedwa. Kuti amupatse ntchito pang'ono ndi kukhetsa zinyalala madzi.

Pambuyo mwai izi kuwonjezera bwino kuchepetsedwa zoletsa kuwuma maganizo. Kuti muchite izi muyenera kuganizira malangizo tatchulazi. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, pamafunika madzi ambiri kuwonjezeredwa. Koma m'nyengo yozizira mlingo crystallization zoterozo mankhwala ayenera kukhala osachepera madigiri -20.

Popeza familiarized ndi luso, momwe kuchepetsa zoletsa kuwuma (maganizo), m'malo latsopano zinyalala madzi satenga kwambiri. Zinthu mogwirizana ndi malangizo a pamwamba, samalani kugwira bwino ntchito dongosolo ndi ntchito zake zakale.