Crossbreeding akavalo mitundu. Mbali ndi Kumuyika abulu ndi akavalo

Malinga ndi malangizo a chitukuko kufunika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minda atakwera angakhalepo: kuchita, zinthu zamasewera ndi zolinga zaphindu. Pofuna kutsindika ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri a nyama ikuchitika osati thoroughbred kuswana, komanso mtanda kuswana a akavalo, ndi, Kumuyika anthu otsata mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zabwino, ntchito mitundu yambiri ya mitanda, ndiwo kulankhula.

General zokhudza mating wa akavalo

Njira yolondola kwa mating akavalo amalola kuti mwana wathanzi makhalidwe kufunika. Nkofunika kusankha nthawi yabwino kukonzekera abwenzi abwino, kusankha njira mulingo woyenera kwambiri mating.

Chifukwa kuswana kukatenga atsala pang'ono abwino ndi zaka zosachepera zitatu. Chinyama alowe mu "kusakasaka", ndiyo mating zidzachitika estrus pamwezi. Childs, kutentha nthawi ndi kwa masiku atatu sabata, koma, malinga ndi makhalidwe munthu wa nyama, zikhoza kukhala nthawi zosiyana ndi pafupipafupi.

Ovulation mu atsala pang'ono kumatenga palibe maola oposa 48. Pofuna kuti muphonye nthawi imeneyi, Kumuyika umatulutsa, kuyambira tsiku lachiwiri mpaka kumapeto a estrus. obereketsa odziwa kudziwa chivomerezocho wa Mare pa malo awa: nyama modzichepetsa, mwakachetechete, ndipo makope yeniyeni amamemesa.

Mating m'chilengedwe

Mating akavalo ng'ombe kumachitika malinga ndi malamulo ena. Natural ulamuliro jini dziwe amaperekedwa kupeza mbadwa kwa amuna amphamvu kwambiri ng'ombe. Aliyense wamwamuna amphamvu zikuchoka atsala pang'ono pang'ono zimene amamuchitira kangapo patsiku polowa ndi "kusakasaka".

ntchito Animal zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa dzuwa. Nthawi mulingo woyenera insemination akuyamba ndi masika zimatha mpaka m'ma chilimwe. Pankhaniyi, foals kuoneka m'nyengo yozizira mochedwa kapena masika.

Kuswana kuyang'aniridwa ndi munthu: mitundu ya ndizi

Cross-kuswana mahatchi kunja nyama kuti ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi munthu, ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu zotsatirazi:

• ubereki;
• mayamwidwe;
• yoyambirira;
• mafakitale;
• variable kusinthanitsidwa.

Hybrids ndi katundu wa heterosis. Iwo amatha kuposa makolo awo kukula, zokolola, ndi ziwiya zina.

ndizi ubereki

mtundu uwu ndi ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ya zamoyo. Mwakusakaniza akavalo ndondomeko ubereki kumachitika mwa mating oimira mitundu iwiri kapena ingapo. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito miyala ndizi ubereki kugawidwa ndi yaikulu (mitundu iwiri) ndi zovuta (opitirira awiri). Mu njira imeneyi, zotsatira zabwino ndi nthambi yatsopano zichokera akhala analandira monga Orlov Trotter, Budenovskiy ndi ena.

kungolandira mtanda

Izi mawonekedwe ntchito ngati pakufunika kutero kusintha mu mapangidwe mbadwa thanthwe kapena nthambi kale kuchepetsedwa m'dera lino. Kungolandira tanthauzo mtanda - ntchito pa kulowezana kwa mibadwo chofunika mahatchiwo zimaswana. Krovnosti hybrids Pankhaniyi anthu akubweretsa 7/8.

Kungolandira mtundu akavalo mtanda amasintha wosabereka, kuyambira mbadwo uliwonse wa chiberekero mwamuna ndi amuna a mkulu-zokolola-kuwongolera nthambi. Motero, gulu aumbike pedigree akavalo, ofanana mu ntchito kusintha mtundu, koma ali kusiyana kwa izo.

yoyambirira ndizi

Mtundu ambiri, wotchedwa ndi magazi kuponya-mwatsopano. Akamanena za njira lili mu khalidwe la mtundu zinasintha powonjezera magazi kwa anthu ena a mtundu, amene ali ndi makhalidwe zofunika. Pambuyo kupeza hybrids 1/4 ndi 1/8 dilution kumatenga "a". mitanda anapangidwa ndi mapulani, iwo kusintha khalidwe la munthu, koma kusintha kwakukulu mu nthambi zazikulu musati mwaufulu.

Industrial ndizi

Mtundu sikawirikawiri ntchito, chifukwa chotsatira si kuswana zolinga. Ana chifukwa mwina mkulu khalidwe anagona kapena kavalo kuswana mu ntchito zipatso.

Pakuti mafakitale mtanda anasankha nyama ya thupi mtundu wosiyana ndi chiyambi, wakula ndiyeno hybrids m'nthawi ya m'badwo. njira zachokera heterosis ndipo amalola kuti apeze ntchito, masewera ndi akavalo zipatso. Pa mafakitale ntchito mtanda wa mahatchiwo amphamvu kunja Anayamba Maulendo Ataliatali, atakwera kapena malo heavy-ntchito ndi Mitundu mbadwa atsala pang'ono.

variable kusinthanitsidwa

Mtundu wa ndizi Ndi mmene mwawamba rabochepolzovatelskogo malangizo. Kuphimba alternately mahatchiwo kutenga miyala ziwiri kapena zitatu kuti wosakanizidwa konsekonse. Childs, m'badwo woyamba n'kudzagona ndi stallion a mtundu womwewo, wachiwiri - wina, ndi mbadwo wachitatu ndi kubwerera kwa woyamba. Nthawi zina ntchito opanga zambiri raznoporodnyh.

Dvuhporodnye ndi atatu pedigree hybrids abwino ntchito ndi pansi chishalo ndi oyang'anira.

Mwa mating akavalo amakulolani kusintha ndi kuwongolera nthambi zosankhidwa. Wamkulukulu heterosis chibadidwe mu m'badwo woyamba, ndi kusintha kwa kuswana "ndi" ukulu chodabwitsa yafupika.

kupeza hybrids

Losakhutiritsidwa chidwi ndi chikhumbo chofuna kupeza Pet ndi wapadera katundu kwachititsa kuti maonekedwe a akavalo hybrids. Mating Mahatchi + nyama zina zidapatsa hybrids ndinazolowera ntchito zolimba, nyengo yotentha ndi bwino kudyetsa. Ng'ombe obereketsa zinatha kubwera zosiyanasiyana hybrids, koma hybrids ambiri ndi mbidzi (zebroid) ndi abulu.

zebroid

Nthawi zambiri, kuti ngati wosakanizidwa ntchito atsala pang'ono ndi mahatchiwo mbidzi. Pamene akuyesera kuphimba wamkazi mbidzi stallion kavalo umuna kumachitika kawirikawiri. Chifukwa anthu wosakanizidwa wa msinkhu pafupi nkhani yakuti makolo, ndi milozo mtundu ndi tinatengera kwa atate wake. Zebroid ntchito m'mapiri ndi m'chipululu, monga iwo kwambiri wowawa akavalo. Chifukwa chikhalidwe cha dongosolo majini a hybrids ndi mbidzi osabereka ndi akavalo.

Pakali pano, cholinga chachikulu cha zebroid - mapulogalamu masewera aja ndi ana siketing'i.

Zophatikiza kavalo ndi bulu

Crossbreeding bulu ndi kavalo chinapangitsa wosakanizidwa wapadera, wotchedwa bulu. Chinyama latsopano si wochepa ndi kukula kwa akavalo, koma kunapezeka wamphamvu kwambiri komanso sturdier. Komanso akhoza kudzitama amoyo wautali. Komabe, liwiro kuyenda ndi kwambiri otsika nyulu akavalo.

Maonekedwe bulu Chili deta ya makolo onse. Pali N'zoonekeratu kuda mahatchi ndi bulu. Nyulu ndi mutu waukulu, makutu elongated, miyendo zoonda, ndi lopapatiza yaing'ono ziboda, khosi chachikulu, molingana ndi thupi ndi akatumba amphamvu.

Bulu ndi kavalo ndizi amene kunachitidwa kwa hybrid a, ndi mumtundu. Mtundu analandira bulu zambiri zimadalira mbali mayi. Ngati mayi ali ndi mtundu akuda, nyulu analandira piebald mtundu. Mtundu wa Mare Pamlingo waukulu zimadalira kukula ndi kukula kwa thupi bulu. Kapangidwe ka mutu, makutu ndi mapazi kuyandikira kwa mbali bambo ake.

hinny

A kavalo ndi bulu, ndi Kumuyika zomwe zachititsa kuti zikamera wa nyulu - Njira kubala wosakanizidwa ntchito. Koma ankawoloka stallion ndi bulu amapereka chifukwa zochepa zothandiza. The wosakanizidwa mwakuti-analandira otchedwa nyulu. Monga mphamvu ya bulu wa chiberekero yochepa, nyama abweza kungokhala ndi zochepa Hardy kuposa bulu. Mu maonekedwe ofanana ndi abulu akavalo zakutchire. Macrocephalae ali ndi lalifupi khosi ndi manyenje. Makutu ali yaitali kuposa anthu a akavalo, koma kwambiri zosakwana abulu.

Pezani nag kwambiri kuposa bulu, bulu monga mosamala kuvomereza kuti mahatchi ake. Umuna kumachitika kwambiri kamodzikamodzi chifukwa cha kusiyana topangira DNA kwa lingaliro analola ochepa awiriawiri mu mwamuna, osati chachikazi. Ana obadwa osauka nthawi ya mimba bulu wamfupi kusiyana Mare lapansi.

Mavuto kupeza maphatikizidwe ndi otsika ntchito anachititsa kuti abulu sanalandire kuvomereza lonse ngakhale pa akavalo pachimake ntchito ndi hybrids awo pa ulimi ndi m'mafakitale.

Chifukwa hybrids n'ngosabereka?

Mating abulu ndi akavalo zotsatira amuna osabereka, koma akazi ena (munthu) milandu amatha kubereka. Zachitikiranji zimenezi? Pa funso limeneli pali wololera yankho sayansi.

chakuti bulu ndi kavalo ndi manambala osiyanasiyana DNA. Mu awo 64 Mayi ndi bulu - 62. kubereka ana Pamafunika wophatikizidwa ya DNA, ndi nyulu analandira unpaired chiwerengero, mwachitsanzo 63 DNA. Ichi chimakhala chiphinjo kubereka.

Monga akavalo ntchito lero ndi mitundu hybrid

Progressive chitukuko cha luso kwachititsa kuti ngakhale akavalo pang'onopang'ono kutaya kutchuka kwake. Mayendedwe a anthu ndi katundu N'chapafupi kwambiri komanso waliwiro ntchito galimoto, osati kavalo okokedwa magalimoto. Ngati akavalo ntchito masewera, kwa anagona ndi zisudzo, komanso zosangalatsa ndi malonda, mitundu ya hybrid ndi pafupifupi palibe akumufuna.

M'madera a mapiri, mahatchi ndi nyulu, ndipo masiku ano ntchito zoyendera katundu, koma zedi laling'ono kwambiri. The ntchito yaikulu kwa mitundu wosakanizidwa - maseŵeralo zisudzo ndi mwachidule kukwera mahatchi. Mwatsoka, kukwanitsa zimenezi mwa ambiri nyama chofunika.

Ziwerengero relentlessly likuthandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito ndi akavalo thoroughbred, komanso mitundu yonse hybrid, ndiko, ndi zebroid, ndi nyulu ndi nyulu.

Akavalo mu Black chipululu Online masewera

kuswana kavalo akhoza kuchita osati mu moyo weniweni. Pali Intaneti masewera komwe mchitidwe ntchito imeneyo. Kodi mbewu adzakhala chifukwa cha mtanda kuswana mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatengera zifukwa zambiri.

The mfundozo zazikulu ndipo zotsatira Mitanda akavalo BDO tione:

1. Mu masewerowa simungathe kugwira stallion zakutchire kuti adzakhala ndi mtundu wapadera.
2. ana khalidwe sikudalira mtundu wa akavalo, ndi a udindo, amene achita ndi stallion kapena Mare.
3. Nyama, masewera ali ndi malire a crossbreeding. Ngati mwamuna amaloledwa 2 mating, ndi Mare amapezeka nthawi 1 yekha.
4. Kodi adzakhala mwana wa ena awiri nyama, akhoza kuchita masamu pa wapadera Intaneti Chiwerengero.

Kuswana mahatchiwo mu Black chipululu amalola player ndi kupeza siliva, monga njira yokha kayendedwe ndi akavalo pano, ndi apamwamba zosonyeza mtengo kwambiri zingakhale kugulitsa kavalo.