Constitutional Assembly of la Russia: udindo oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo, zikuchokera, mphamvu, chisankho

Lamulo la Chitaganya cha Russian - lamulo lalikulu la boma la Russia. Chakudya cha chikalata ichi kupereka kusintha kwa ena nkhani yake. An ndondomeko yoyenera ayenera kuchitidwa ndi nawo Assembly Constitutional. Kodi ntchito za thupi chiyani? ndi machitidwe a convening, gulu la Assembly Constitutional, komanso kusankha kapangidwe boma chiyani?

Kodi udindo wa Assembly Constitutional mu dongosolo la mphamvu ya boma chiyani?

Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane za udindo umene amachita wapolisi mu dongosolo la ndale la Russia.

Constitutional Assembly limabweretsa gulu la nthumwi matupi a mphamvu ya ku Russia komanso ali pa nthawi yomweyo mphamvu za khalidwe constituent. thupi ili, omwe ali mbali ya dongosolo la ndale la Russia, ali Akhristu kunja, sipangakhalenso ankaimira Mwachitsanzo, yadera constituent kapena misonkhano.

Ndiwo malamulo, chimene Russia ukugwira ntchito mu thupi monga Assembly Constitutional, malamulo enieni a boma. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Russian Chilamulo Basic amakhazikitsa dongosolo mu funso lamulo osiyana Federal Constitution, limene si lalandiridwa latsopano la Russia.

Constitutional Assembly - thupi kuti, malinga ndi lamulo, limene liri kuvomereza, adzakwapulidwa msonkhano ngati maganizo chifukwa kusintha kwa zinthu anaika mu Chaputala 1.2 ndi 9 ndiwo malamulo Russia, adzathandiza anthu ndi 3/5 ya mavoti oimira Bungwe la Federation, ndi State Duma.

Taganizirani mphamvu ofunika kuposa ena, malinga ndi lamulo tinganene kuti dongosolo la mphamvu.

Mphamvu za Assembly Constitutional

Njirazi ndi monga:

• kutsimikizira kwa mosalekeza za lamulo lenileni la Russia;
• chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution latsopano la boma;
• imposition wa kusodza malamulo Russian mavoti otchuka;
• Khama la dongosolo boma Constitution amalowa mphamvu.

mphamvu izi, dongosolo mu funso adzakhala ndi ufulu kugulitsa mphamvu pokhapokha ngati, monga mmene taonera pamwambapa, nawonso adzakhala ndi mchitidwe wapadera malamulo kukhazikitsa ndondomeko bungwe wapolisi.

Kumene, khama amatsatira malamulo pa msonkhano malamulo a dziko lino mbiri ya Russia anali. Machenjerero a gwero la malamulo anayambika ndi atsogoleri maboma mu zaka 90 2000. Mu 2012, Pulezidenti Russian analangiza mabungwe wake wamng'ono kugonjera maganizo pankhani yokonza mchitidwe zogwirizana malamulo.

Ngati ife kulankhula za yotchuka kwambiri malamulo asilikali pa msonkhano malamulo, tingasiyanitsire mfundo bungwe Gennadiem Zyuganovym, Vyacheslav Zvolinsky, Viktor Alksnis ndi SERGEY Baburin, Vyacheslav Volodin, Sergei Kovalev. Project Yevgeny Fedorov ndi Anton Romanov imatchedwanso. Tiyeni kuphunzira makhalidwe mfundo izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Lamulo kusodza pa msonkhano Constitutional Zyuganov

kusodza anali anagonjera kwa zokambirana mu State Duma mu March 1997. Malinga ndi mwayi umenewu:

• muphatikizidwe mu wapolisi mutu wa boma, Bungwe Federation, State Duma ziwanga, oimira presidium Boma, RF Constitutional Court oweruza, komanso SAC;
• oimira mabungwe malonda.

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti ankaona boma bungwe adzapereka ntchito zake Moscow. Malinga ndi mfundo pansi mabungwe kuganizira anapatsidwa ufulu asankhe anthu a ku Nyumba ya Constituent mwa munthu mmodzi aliyense bungwe.

Co-Mipando ya wapolisi anali kukhala mutu wa bungwe Federation ndi State Duma. Iwo anali amaganiza kuti ndalama za Assembly Constitutional ayenera idzachitika likuvutika bajeti boma la boma. Malinga ndi polojekiti imene mukukambirana, wapolisi lemba la asilikali anali kusindikizidwa mwamsanga ndi kukambirana izo kulumikiza anthu ndi osiyanasiyana mayanjano kudzera mogwirizana ndi chisawawa drafting komiti ya wapolisi wa.

Choyesera malamulo Constitutional Assembly Zvolinsky

Akuti mfundo polima kuti zokambirana mu State Duma mu June 1998. Malinga ndi izo mutu wa boma, oimira Bungwe la Federation, boma Duma, nduna yaikulu, mutu wa Constitutional Court, asilikali, ndi SAC, komanso oimira zigawo Russian anali kukhala nthumwi Assembly Constitutional. Pankhaniyi, nzika za la Russia akhoza anatumiza kwa Assembly Constitutional la Chitaganya cha Russia kuchuluka kwa oimira:

• Anthu 5 ochokera dera lililonse ndi anthu okhala 1 miliyoni;
• anthu 10, ngati anthu oposa 1 miliyoni moyo m'chigawo;
• Nthumwi 15 ku St. Petersburg, ndi 20 - kuchokera Moscow.

Lingaliro amaganiza kuti bwaloli misonkhano ya wapolisi ya anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi lamulo la mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia.

Monga tanenera akatswiri ena, ndi wapolisi ankaona kusodza sanalembe kamba zimene ziyenera anayamba RF Constitution. Kwenikweni, lingaliro ndi okhudza nkhani bungwe mu chimango cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa Assembly Constitutional.

Volodin ntchito pa lamulo pa Court Constitutional

Mfundo imeneyi unayamba pokambirana mu State Duma mu June 2000. Zimatengera zotsatirazi: Assembly Constitutional za atsogoleri a boma ndi oimira Bungwe la Federation, ndi Russian Constitutional Court oweruza, mpando wa Mphamvu ndi onyamula ndi SAC. Ena adati kuti mbali ya wapolisi nthumwi Duma 100 nkhani. Pankhaniyi, iwo ayenera kusonyeza zikuchokera nyumba m'munsi a nyumba ya malamulo, mwa mawu a mayanjano aphungu, komanso chiwerengero cha akuluakulu amene amasankhidwa kwa mitundu iwiri ya m'zigawo - boma ndi umodzi-lamulo. Mutu wa State Duma, nayenso, kwenikweni amayenera kukhala mbali ya wapolisi wa.

Pulezidenti wa ku Russia analinso uike anthu 100 Assembly Constituent - nzika Russian ndi maphunziro apamwamba malamulo ndi luso lofunika. Bwana kwa nthumwi za Constitutional Court pulezidenti wa Russian Federation nzika 'anafunika kuchita mutu wa boma ndi akuluakulu ena boma, mabungwe onse, nyumba sayansi ndi maphunziro.

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti mawu a asilikali a lamulo lenileni la boma, mwakuchita Assembly Constitutional phunziro kwa buku mofulumira, ndipo kenako - kukambirana ndi nawo anthu ndi mabungwe yapachiweniweni anthu. Chidwi munthu uyu anali kuti atumizidwe kwa Assembly Constitutional, thupi boma udindo kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo kusinthidwa zoyambirira za dziko, bwana wake mkati 1 mwezi kuchokera tsiku la kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali Constitution.

Amayesa mfundo za kayendetsedwe akufuna kwa issuance wa chilamulo kusodza pa boma referendum.

Kovalev ya malamulo pa Project Constitutional Court

Ntchito anali bungwe la State Duma mu September 2000. Iye anandiuza zotsatirazi:

• Msonkhano Constitutional Amakhala ndi anthu 450, amene amasankhidwa ndi nzika za Russian Federation ndi voti mwachindunji;
• Wapolisi ayenera kukumana mu Moscow;
• mamembala wapolisi amasankhidwa m'maboma dvumandatnym - malinga ndi malamulo a chifaniziro cha nzika za dziko;
• Constitution ayenera kumwedwa mwa kuwerenga 4;
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo yakuti akhoza akuyendera kudzera zpani zambiri.

Project Alksnis ndi Baburin za lamulo pa Court Constitutional

kusodza anali anagonjera kwa zokambirana mu State Duma mu November 2007. Olemba za mukupemphedwa kutenga malo a Assembly Constituent mu udindo wa anthu:

• Pulezidenti Akuluakulu a ku Russia;
• nthumwi za akuluakulu a wamkulu m'madera Russian mu Bungwe la Federation;
• State Duma;
• mamembala a Komiti Public la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Pa munthu yemweyo akhala akufuna, zimene zingathe kumagwira ntchito ya Constitutional Court, popanda ufulu kukavota. akuti:

• mamembala a boma;
• atsogoleri dera;
• Constitutional Court oweruza a Russian Federation onyamula Mphamvu, SAC;
• Loya General Akuluakulu a ku Russia;
• oimira zipani za ndale.

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti wapolisi iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa chilichonse cha mizinda tanthauzo feduro - malinga ndi lamulo osiyana boma Duma. Asilikali adati kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo lofunika a boma ali wokhoza yekha thupi monga Assembly Constitutional la Chitaganya cha Russia. Ndi, imposition wa asilikali malamulo referendum sayenera ikuchitika.

Takambirana lamulo kusodza pa Constitutional Court zifukwa zosiyanasiyana sakuvomereza yamalamulo. Tiyeni kuphunzira zimene iwo akanakhoza kukhalira.

Chifukwa kukana asilikali wapolisi

Akatswiri amanena zazikulu mabvuto nkhani za kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo pa Constitutional Court - kudziwa mfundo za mapangidwe ofanana ulamuliro. Iwo anapanga awiri mfundo anthuwo kwambiri maganizo.

Malinga woyamba, kunali kofunika kuonetsetsa nawo achangu nzika ntchito za Assembly Constitutional. Malinga ndi wachiwiri wapolisi ntchito yaikulu inali idzaseweredwe, Choyamba, anthu ndi kuchepa kofunika Luso ndi kudziwa zanchito.

Choncho, demokalase kwambiri Mwanjira imeneyi, polojekiti zikhoza kuganiziridwa lingaliro Kovalev, limene Constitutional Court chinapangidwa ndi nawo nthumwi 450 osankhidwa ndi nzika. Nawonso malamulo kusodza pa Constitutional Court, bungwe Volodin, anandiuza kuti zosankha kiyi wa Assembly Constitutional adzatenga agwira pa udindo akutsogolera boma.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti mokwanira kukondera mapangidwe wapolisi akufuna Zvolinsky limene mbali yaikulu ya ntchito za ulamuliro yoyenera azitenga zochita za atsogoleri andale, koma wapolisi komanso kungaphatikizepo oimira m'madera amene amaikidwa ndi nawo anthu a la Russia.

Choncho, mu njira ya zokambirana mu intraparliamentary 90 2000 analephera kuthetsa funso la amene ali mbali ya Assembly Constituent monga kapangidwe kake aumbike ku mawonedwe kupeza bwino pakati mabungwe demokalase la odwala wapolisi, komanso Luso la nthumwi zake.

zokambirana mfundo ina mu zokambirana za ziyembekezo za kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo pa Constitutional Court - udindo wa Constitutional Court. mfundo ndi yakuti thupi ili, malinga ndi mchitidwe zikuluzikulu malamulo a Russian, ali osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo lonse wa mphamvu mu mawu a kutanthauzira kwa Constitution mu chimango cha yazamalamulo. Mwanjira imeneyi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa thupi zina la Constitutional Court pa mlingo wa nthambi woimira boma zingachititse vutoli kwambiri kufalitsidwa kwa mphamvu pa nthambi zosiyanasiyana.

Constitutional Assembly, mwina adzakhala boma dongosolo kuti competes ndi Constitutional Court zokhudza kutanthauzira kwa chakudya cha lamulo yakuti, ngakhale kuti amayenera kupereka wapolisi zosiyana kotheratu ntchito - yokhudza kupanga kusinthidwa othandiza kwa Constitution la dziko. Ndiko kuti, kuwukonza lemba la lamulo lenileni la dziko, anayambitsa la Constitutional Court, ndi zofunika kuti mwanjira kukambirana ndi Russian Constitutional Court, kutenga nkhani malo okhudza kutanthauzira kwa malamulo alipo. Komabe, limagwirira ayenera kuperekedwa kwa chilamulo pa Assembly Constitutional. Si zophweka kuchita, monga nthambi malamulo ndi zachiweruzo ndi boma nthumwi Ndipotu, ndi ukoma wa chakudya cha kupezeka ndi mchitidwe waukulu malamulo a boma, tiyenera kuchita zinthu paokha.

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo osiyana pa Constitutional Court angalamulire kunja Mwina modutsa ya okhudzidwa zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, dongosolo la mapangidwe Assembly ladziko ziyenela kuikidwa moti chimaonekera kuti ulamuliro onse ndi aphungu. Koma apa, kachiwiri, kuwukitsa funso la Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo zinthu ziwiri - kulimbikitsa udindo wa nawo nzika wapolisi kapena kupereka ulamuliro zambiri za anthu amene zochita mwachindunji mu ntchito ya Assembly Constitutional. Ngati cholinga adzakhala limagwirira choyamba, Mwina amachepetsa modutsa, koma angathe kuchepetsa ubwino wa elaboration zokhudza malamulo anatengedwa ndi wapolisi wa. Ngati chachiwiri, zinthu n'zosiyana ndi zotheka.

Choncho, chitukuko la Constitutional Court Chilamulo akugwirizira nkhani zingapo zofunika maganizo. Ziyembekezo kuthana awo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri - makamaka pa udindo kutsogolera asilikali ndale kupeza mphamvu zawo pa chisankho, yomwe zotsatira zake, nayenso kudziwa nzika kuvota.

Ngakhale kuti State Duma mobwerezabwereza anakana malamulo kusodza pa Constitutional Court, kanjedza maboma mudakhala pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la chitukuko cha gwero zogwirizana ndi malamulo ake. Pakati pa ntchito wotchuka buku la chilamulo pa Constitutional Court - chikalata wakhala akufuna Evgeniem Fedorovym ndi Anton Romanov. Zimenezi chapeza ndithu kutchuka lonse. Tidzaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane.

Chilamulo kusodza pa Constitutional Court Fedorov ndi Romanov

Ntchito anali akufuna kuti zokambirana mu September 2015. Lingaliro lolingana wa liwulo udindo wa Assembly Constitutional wa Russian Federation, ndondomeko convening ndi kukhazikitsa.

bilu wakhala anayamba kutenga nkhani ya chakudya cha Art. 134 ndi 135 za Russian Constitution. Nkhani za lamulo lenileni la boma ananena kuti ngati Akuluakulu abomawa kulandira maganizo kusintha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana 1, 2 kapena 9 Mitu ya Constituion, komanso ngati GGI adzakhala anthu amapereka mwa 3/5 voti wa oimira Assembly Federal ndi State Duma, ndiye, monga taonera pamwambapa, adzakhululukidwa msonkhano ndi khamu Constitutional. Constitutional ndi malamulo udindo wa ulamuliro zogwirizana limanenedwa motero mu malamulo panopa, komabe, anakhazikitsa wapolisi zimafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo osiyana.

Asilikali adati wapolisi ayenera kutsogolera mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia. The ofotokozera n'kulemba zikalata zogwirizana muli njira kuvomereza abstracts pa chitukuko cha Russian Constitution, komanso kukavota izo mu chimango cha dongosolo boma funso.

Project Fedorov ndi Romanov pa chitukuko cha wapolisi wa chilamulo, yankho boma

Akuluakulu alabadira njira imene otchuka ndale?

Bill ku Fedorov ndi Romanov anali lowonjezera ndi maganizo analandira kwa boma. Pa oimira yemweyo nthawi ya nduna za Atumiki amaona zosiyana sagwirizana. Makamaka, akuluakulu anaganiza kuti mu buku la chilamulo bungwe Fedorov ndi Romanov, Msonkhano Constituent ali ndi ufulu kugwira ntchito zawo monga osakhalitsa ulamuliro opaleshoni. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi mamembala a boma, osati kwambiri mulingo woyenera njira anali kuikidwa kwa Pulezidenti la Chitaganya cha Russia malo wapampando wa khoti lalikulu pa malo kuti Russian Constitution si apereke mphamvu zoterozo Pulezidenti.

Lamulo kusodza pa Constitutional Court analandiranso ndemanga pa akuluakulu a boma Duma. Pamene anayesedwa ena akuluakulu, gwero la malamulo, amaonekera, monga kuyenera msonkhano ndi msonkhano wa Constitutional, udindo oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo a dongosolo boma ayenera kumwedwa palibe kale kuposa chisankho ku State Duma mu 2016. Malinga ndi maulamuliro, ichi ndi chifukwa Mwina banjali kwambiri kuti magulu andale m'nyumba apansi yamalamulo Russia pambuyo chisankho.

Lang'anani, monga andale ndi, pakalibe lamulo pa Constitutional Court - kusiyana zofunika kwambiri mu malamulo a boma latsopano la Russia. Gwero zogwirizana cha lamulo monga parliamentarians mukukhulupirira ayenera atsopano.

Tikumbukenso kuti malingaliro a mu njira ya zokambirana za njira kuti chitukuko cha lamulo Assembly Constitutional - vuto si mwamsanga. Kodi kuwerengera ena akuluakulu, umwana wake kwenikweni pofuna kubwereza chakudya ya malamulo atsopano a dziko, amene si chofunika pa siteji panopa chitukuko ndale wa Russia.

Limachita mbali zosiyana, monga mwa amene amasonyeza udindo, mphamvu za Assembly Constitutional, anakanidwa ndi aphungu. Kufikira tsopano lino, Russian Federation, osati kutenga malamulo kanthu kuti ali kugwira ntchito yake ulamuliro zogwirizana.

chidule

Choncho, takambirana mbali ndi mphamvu za eg boma monga Assembly Constitutional, udindo wa thupilo. Wapolisi, ngakhale kuti ntchito zake amaperekedwa malamulo yaikulu ya dzikolo mpaka izo sizingakhoze unayamba pa chifukwa chakuti la feduro kuchita malamulo sichinayambe anatengera ku Russia, amene amasankha ndondomeko ya convening ndi gulu la mabungwe zogwirizana boma. Poyankha, komanso amapereka chitukuko cha Lamulo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

andale osiyanasiyana anali atayambitsa ntchito angapo a Federal Constitutional Chilamulo pa Constitutional Court. Iwo anakonza zokambirana mu State Duma, koma pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana anakanidwa ndi parliamentarians.

Kufunika chiyanjo cha chilamulo malamulo kugwira ntchito kwa thupi monga Assembly Constitutional, zikuchokera, limagwirira wa convocation nyumba boma, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mamembala zosankha zake udindo, zikutsindika andale ambiri. Komabe, ena oimira boma amapereka mfundo ina. Choncho, pali malo, malinga ndi zomwe amanena malamulo Federal Constitution pa Constitutional Court ndi Sikuti, kuyambira umwana wake, chakuti, zikutanthauza kuti boma akufuna kuyambitsa kusintha alipo Russian Constitution.

Tikumbukenso kuti dongosolo la kufunika kukhala gwero yoyenera lamulo anali anayambitsa mu 2012, pulezidenti wa Russia. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti Akuluakulu abomawa ziti malamulo m'tsogolo.