Classicism nthumwi za classicism

Classicism - malangizo a chikhalidwe European mu 17 mochedwa - m'ma 19. Dzina amachokera kwa Latin mawu classicus, kutanthauza "mbuye". Wakuti classicism ankaona mosamalitsa anayamba dongosolo la mfundo luso lomwe ankafunika akuoneni, mawonetseredwe a m'maganizo kulenga ankaona zosavomerezeka. malingaliro chakale analipo muzochitika zones za moyo chikhalidwe. Classicism zojambulajambula, mabuku, kupenta, zomangamanga, nyimbo anali kunena mogwirizana konsekonse.

Zoyamba za classicism anali kukonza mu ndemanga Nikolya Bualo (France 1674). , Iye mokhutiritsa m'Malemba zingapo zofunika za chikhalidwe luso zimene zimakhudzana ndi ntchito zolembalemba. ntchito Kochititsa ankayenera kuti akasungidwe mu ulamuliro okhwima unities atatu. Umodzi limatanthauza malo enieni malo kumene zochitika zimachitika, umodzi wa nthawi - enieni, zochepa nthawi, mgwirizano kanthu - lalikulukulu storyline.

Komanso, monga F. Fenelon ndi M. V. Lomonosovu, oimira classicism mabuku azisunga ufumu okhwima Mitundu komanso kamangidwe kake. "Mkulu kalembedwe" - ndi mawu odzikweza, Mitundu: ndi ode, ndi amunamuna ndakatulo. "Avereji ya bata" - elegy, ntchito satirical, sewero. "Low bata" - payekha ndi tsiku ndi tsiku moyo, Mitundu: nthano, sewero lanthabwala kulemba. izo zinali zoletsedwa kusakaniza masitaelo. Pofika kumayambiriro 19 m'ma classicism anamukwiyira m'malo mwa pedestal masitaelo monga sentimentalism ndi romanticism. Kufunafuna rigor kumva kuimitsidwa.

The classicism Russian anaonekera kokha m'zaka za m'ma 18. The kutsogolera kwa chitukuko akhala kusintha kwa Peter Ine , ndi chiphunzitso cha "masitaelo atatu" University kusintha Trediakovsky. Oimira otchuka classicism ku Russia: Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin (sewero lanthabwala), Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir (Zotengera), Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (ode), Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitzer ndi dzina lake Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov (nthano). Vuto chapakati anthu panthawi imeneyo anali ndi vuto mphamvu Russian classicism ali mbali achilendo motsutsana ndi classicism Western. Popeza pambuyo Peter Wamkulu ngakhale mfumu kapena anadza zopangira mwalamulo, vuto lenileni linali intrigue, nyumba coups, ndi mismatch wa mfumu ndi chiyembekezo ya anthu bwalo. Ndi mavuto awa zikugwirizananso mu classicism Russian.

oimira classicism nyimbo Mwachitsanzo, Yozef Gaydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig galimoto Beethoven, mpaka kalekale analowa mbiri ya dziko. Ntchito zitsulo kalozera zina chitukuko cha zikuchokera nyimbo. ntchito nyimbo akhala zambiri zosanjidwa, ndipo ziwalo zonse za malonda anali oyenera.

Classicism kwambiri chikhalidwe cha makampani monga zomangamanga. Ntchito njira zakale, zooneka Greek, amajambulapo maluwa okongola Roma. Pastel mithunzi. Mu Russia ndi kwambiri chisakanizo cha chikhalidwe Byzantine ndi Russian Baroque. Oimira classicism Russian pa zomangamanga: Kazakov, Eropkin, Zemtsov, Korobov, Rossi, Stasov, Montferrand.

Classicism mu kupenta, kawirikawiri zikutsindika mitundu kusalala, ndi zofunika ndi mawonekedwe ndi mzere wa kuunika ndi mthunzi. Imodzi mwa ojambula zithunzi zabwino anazindikira N. Poussin ndi C. Lorrain. Poussin analenga katswiri, kumene ntchito zozizwitsa, ziwembu kalembedwe mbiri Buku. Lorraine, nayenso ali chinkhoswe mu zokongola, ndilo noticeable kugwirizana pakati pa mwamuna ndi chirengedwe, chiyanjano cha mogwirizana awo. Oimira classicism ndi chithunzi Russian: chosaneneka mbuye zojambula za mbiri nkhani AP Losenko, ophunzira ake (I. A. Akimov, P. I. Sokolov ndi ena).