"Chofiira matanga" Ndani analemba izi? Chidule cha buku la

ntchito, zotchulidwa, amagwirizana ndi nthano wokongola kwambiri ndi osangalala kalonga, amene yekha ndimalota za iliyonse mtsikana. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa nkhani ya wolemba-Motani Zimene Zimakhala Zofunikadi "Chofiira matanga". Yemwe analemba ilo, ndipo tiyeni tipeze. Choyamba m'pofunika kumvetsa pamene iwo abadwe ngati zapadera zongopeka mutu wake. Kuyamba ndi ubwenzi ndi yonena za wolemba.

yonena

Wolemba novelist, amadziwika pansi pa dzina la Green, amene anakhala pakati pa 1880 ndi 1932, nthawi zambiri kugwirizana ndi kulemba nkhani nyanja ulendo. Izi, mfundo, ndi yankho ku funso la amene analemba "ulusi wofiira matanga". dzina lonse la wolemba - dzina lake Aleksandr Stepanovich Grinevsky ndi "Green" wakhala kuchepetsa tsogolo la pseudonym wake.

Iye anabadwa pa August 11 (23 Old kalendala) m'mudzi wa Sloboda m'chigawo Vyatka. Dzina la bambo ake anali Stefan Grinevskii, iye anali wa m'banja lachifumu Polish, amene chifukwa chotenga mbali mu chiwembu Polish wa 1863 ku Siberia. Pa lotha, mu 1868, ankaloledwa kusamukira ku chigawo cha Vyatka. Kumeneko anakumana ndi namwino 16 wazaka Anna Stepanovna Lepkova, amene amakhala mkazi wake. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri iwo analibe ana. Alexander anali woyamba, ndipo pambuyo pake panali alongo ena awiri - Catherine ndi Antonina. mayi Alexander anamwalira pamene iye anali ndi zaka 15.

Nthawi zambiri pali Mafunso Ochokera kwa Owerenga za mankhwala "Chofiira matanga" (yemwe analemba izo ndi zimene mbiri mudziwe alipo Saga wolemba monga munthu kutifotokozera chibwenzi ndi nyanja).

Tikaonanso yonena wake, Dziwani kuti nkhani ya nyanja Alexander anagwira pambuyo iye yekha zaka 6 kuwerenga "Maulendo Gulliver" mwa Jonathan Swift. Titamaliza mu 1896 Vyatskoe zaka zinayi mzinda sukulu, anasamukira ku Odessa ndipo anafuna kuti adziimire yapamadzi. Choyamba, iye anali kuyendayenda ndi njala, koma ndiye mothandizidwa ndi bwenzi bambo ake, iye amapeza bwato "Platon" yapamadzi ndipo anayamba zimadutsa pa njira Odessa-mzinda wa Batumi-Odessa.

Wotsegula pa funso la amene analemba "Chofiira matanga", woyambitsa wa ntchito imeneyi (Green) angatchedwe wopanduka, wosakhazikika, wofuna. ntchito yapamadzi a kunali kovuta kwambiri ndiponso sanapereke amasangalala aliyense abwino, ndiyeno 1897 anabwerera Vyatka, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku Baku, kumene iye anali msodzi ndi wogwira ntchito masitolo chitsulo msewu. Kenako anapita kwa bambo ake, komwe anagwira ntchito Urals golide wofunafuna, mgodi, lumberjack, zisudzo mlembi.

moyo wosakhazikika

Kodi "Chofiira matanga" yemwe analemba ndi monga woyambitsa wa ntchito imeneyi anali munthu winayo, yesani kupeza. Ndipo apa m'pofunika kulabadira mapangidwe Pawokha achinyamata Green, chifukwa mu 1902 anasanduka msilikali wa malo oyenda battalion, munaima Penza. Ndiye iye kawiri anathawira nachibisa mu Simbirsk.

SRs ankakonda zisudzo pake. Iye anali ngakhale mobisa dzina - "lanky". Koma mu 1903, iye anagwidwa mu Sevastopol kwa propaganda pa dongosolo. Atamasulidwa, anapita ku St. Petersburg, kumene anamangidwanso kachiwiri ndi kutumizidwa ku Siberia. Kuchokera kumeneko, iye anapulumuka kachiwiri Vyatka, kumene kupezera pasipoti yachilendo, amene kudzalimbikitsa kwa Moscow.

1906-1908 gg. anakhala zinasintha iye - Iye amakhala wolemba ndipo akuyamba ntchito kwambiri pa mabuku achikondi, kuphatikizapo "Reno Island", "Zurbagansky mivi", "Captain Duke", gulu lanyimbo lalifupi "The Lanfier Colony," etc ...

kulenga

Anatsindika mfundo yonena za "Amene analemba" Chofiira matanga "The, Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mu 1917, Greene anasamukira ku Petrograd, kuyembekezera kusintha mu dera lawo. Komano, pang'ono kenako anakhumudwa mu zochitika zonse mu dziko.

Mu 1919, wolemba tsogolo likhale signalman mu Red Army. M'zaka zimenezi anayamba kufalitsa mu magazini "lawi" Editor Lunacharsky.

Green ankakhulupirira kuti chinthu zonse zokongola kwambiri padziko lonse zimadalira chifuniro cha wabwino, wamphamvu ndi oyera mtima ndi moyo wa anthu. Kotero iye anabadwa ntchito zodabwitsa monga "Chofiira matanga", "Galimoto Bakuman", "Kuŵala World" ndi zina zotero. D.

Mu 1931, iye ndi nthawi kulemba buku lake autobiographical. Ndipo mu 1932, pa July 8, pa 52 chaka TH wa moyo, anamwalira ndi khansa ya mmimba mu Old Crimea. masiku awiri aphedwa mawa lake, ngati alipo Orthodox, iye anali kuitana kwa wansembe wake, mgonero ndi kuvomereza. Nina mkazi adzasankha malo manda, pamene nyanja ndi lotseguka. Pa manda a wolemba kukhazikitsa Tatiana Gagarin chipilala - "Galimoto Bakuman" mtsikana.

Monga kubadwa "Chofiira matanga"

Kotero, kubwerera ku ntchito "Chofiira matanga" (amene analemba nkhani iyi), lili pafupi wina angamvetse mmene munthu anali woyambitsa wa mwaluso izi zolembalemba. Koma tisaiwale ndi chisoni tsamba la mbiri yake. Pamene Greene anatumikira monga signalman mu 1919, anadwala ndi Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi ndipo woyesedwa kwa mwezi wathunthu mu chipatala, kumene mwakayakaya, limakhulupirira Gorky yomweyo anatumiza tiyi, mkate ndi uchi.

Pambuyo achire, kachiwiri ntchito Zowawa chomwecho, Greene anakwanitsa kutenga chakudya ndi chipinda pa Nevsky Chiyembekezo, 15, mu "Nyumba ya Art", pomwe anansi ake zitsulo N. S. Gumilev, Kaverin, O. E. Mandelshtam, mu . A. Khirisimasi.

Amene analemba "ulusi wofiira matanga"?

nkhani athu sadafuna ndithu wathunthu popanda zinthu zimenezi. Anansi anakumbukira kuti Greene anakhala ngati kudzipatula m'dziko limene palibe aliyense ankafuna kuvomereza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amayamba ntchito pa wokhudza ndi ntchito ndakatulo "Chofiira matanga".

M'chaka cha 1921 Green kukwatira mkazi wamasiye Nina Nikolayevna Mironova. Iye ankagwira namwino, koma anakumana mu 1918. Onse wotsatira zaka 11 wa amoyo pamodzi, iwo anali limodzi ndi ankaona mphatso tsogolo la msonkhano wawo.

Tsatirani funso lokhudza amene analemba "ulusi wofiira matanga" ndi amene ntchito inapatulidwa, tikhoza kunena chinthu chimodzi chokha: a Green mwaluso wanu zolembalemba kuperekedwa monga mphatso kwa November 23, 1922 anali Nina Nikolayevna Green. Zidzakhala woyamba kwathunthu lofalitsidwa mu 1923.

Amene analemba "ulusi wofiira matanga". chidule

Mmodzi a m'nkhaniyi, wachisoni ndi unsociable Longren, ankakhala zimene zikugwira zotsimikizira zamanja zosiyanasiyana, sailboats chitsanzo ndi sitima. Local Chenjerani munthu uyu. Ndipo onse chifukwa cha chochitika, pamene tsiku lina pamene namondwe mwini nyumba ya alendoyo Menners anakokera panyanja, koma Longren ndi sanaganize kuti amupulumutse koma anamumva kuchondelera thandizo. Grouchy nkhalamba chabe anafuula otsiriza: "Mkazi wanga, Mary kamodzi anafunsa inu kuti mundithandize, koma inu mbankonda!" Menners masiku angapo anatola chombo galimotolo ndipo asanafe Longren mlandu pa imfa yake.

Assol

Komabe, ogulitsa sanandiuze chakuti zaka zisanu zapitazo mkazi wake Longren, pamene mwamuna wake anali pa nyanja anayamba Menners anatenga ndalama ake. Posachedwapa iye anabereka mtsikana adza, kubadwa zinali zovuta, ndalama zonse ntchito pa chithandizo. Koma Menners modekha ndikumamuuza kuti ngati iye sanali chokhudza, iye angathe kumuthandiza.

Pamenepo mkazi wakutcherenga waganiza kuyala mphete ndipo anapita kumzinda, ndiye ndi koyipa ndipo posakhalitsa anamwalira ndi chibayo. Tikaonanso mwamuna wake, msodzi Longren anakhala ndi mwana mu mikono yake ndipo sanapite ku nyanja.

Ambiri, kukhala mmene zinakhalira, bambo adza m'dera naye. Chidani chawo kufalitsa kwa mtsikana amene Choncho Inabuka dziko la Kutengeka ndi maloto, ngati ndipo sayenera kulankhula ndi anzawo ndi abwenzi. Atate m'malo onse.

Aigle

Kamodzi, atate wake anatumiza zaka zisanu ndi zitatu Assol m'tawuni kugulitsa zidole zatsopano. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali kakang'ono wamphepo matanga chofiira silika. Adza nimuponye mu mtsinje ngalawa, ndi madzi anabweretsa kukamwa, kumene iye anawona akale wongonena Eglya kuti mwa kupanga bwato, ananena kuti atangochoka kupalasa ake ngalawa matanga chofiira ndi kalonga, amene adzatenga ake limodzi naye mu lakutali dziko.

Pamene iye anabwerera, adza kumakuuzani chirichonse kwa atate wake, koma anali pafupi wopemphapempha atamva nkhani zawo ndi analiza nkhani ya m'chombo Prince lonse Kapernoy, kenako mtsikana anayamba kunyoza ndi openga.

Arthur Gray

Ndipo kalonga anaonekera. Arthur Gray - wolowa yekha wa banja wolemekezeka kukhala mu chinyumba makolo, osasunthika ndi wolimba kwambiri achinyamata mnyamatayo ndi moyo mumangidwa ndi kumva. Kuyambira ubwana kwambiri anakonda nyanja ndipo anafuna kuti adziimire woyendetsa. Pa zaka 20 anagula atatu masted ngalawa "Chinsinsi" ndipo anayamba kupita kusambira.

Tsiku lina, kukhala pafupi Kapernoy, m'mawa iye ndi yapamadzi ake anaganiza yopita pa bwato, kupeza malo nsomba. Mwadzidzidzi, pa gombe, iye amaona akugona Assol. Iye adakhuzika ndi kukongola kuti anasankha kuika pa chala chaching'ono mphete zake zakale.

Ndiyeno mu nyumba za alendo m'deralo Gray anaphunzira nkhani kugwirizana ndi adza loony. Koma ataledzera wofukula dziwani kuti chilichonse ndi bodza. A kapitao ndi unassisted kuzimvetsa moyo wa mkazi uyu modabwitsa monga iye anali pang'ono kutuluka m'dziko lino lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo anapita kwa mzinda, kumene mu umodzi wa masitolo anapeza silika chofiira. M'mawa wake "Chinsinsi" anatuluka mu nyanja matanga wofiira, ndi pakati pa tsiku izo zikhoza kuoneka Kaperny.

Assol anaona ngalawa, anali adzasefukira ndi chimwemwe. Nthawi yomweyo anathamangira kwa nyanja komwe kunali anthu ambiri. chombo anachoka m'ngalawa, ndipo anali kapitawo. A patatha mphindi zingapo Assol anali m'ngalawamo ndi Gray. Ndi m'mene zinachitikira, monga zinanenedweratu ndi wochenjera nkhalamba.

centennial vinyo cask linatsegulidwa tsiku lomwelo, ndipo mmawa wotsatira chombo chidafika kale kutali, ndipo adatenga zonse mwa Kaperny gulu la "Chinsinsi."

Izi ndi zotheka ndi kutseka mutu "Ndani analemba bukhu" ulusi wofiira matanga "?" Dzina lake Aleksandr Stepanovich akumwetulira (Grinevskii) aliyense amene Akutsata anapereka nthano zodabwitsa loto.