Chemical katundu wa salt ndi njira kukonzekera awo

Salt - zinthu za thupi kalasi ya mankhwala zochita kupanga, zomwe zigwirizana wa anion (asidi zotsalira) ndi cation (zitsulo atomu). Nthawi zambiri izi mankhwala crystalline a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi madzi osiyana solubility. Nthumwi zosavuta kalasi ya mankhwala - sodium kolorayidi (NaCl).

Salt anawagawa acidic, zoyambirira ndi zabwinobwino.

Normal (ndi zaka) anapanga pamene asidi maatomu wa hydrogen zonse m'malo mwa maatomu zitsulo, kapena pamene magulu onse hydroxyl m'malo mwa zapansi asidi zatsalira asidi (mwachitsanzo, MgSO4, mg (CH3COO) 2). Pamene electrolytic dissociation, iwo kuphwanya mu anions ndithu mlandu zitsulo ndi anions zoipa mlandu.

The katundu mankhwala gulu la mchere:

• kuwola ndinso pa kutentha;

• kukumana hydrolysis (anachita ndi madzi);

• kulowa zochita kuwombola ndi zidulo, zapansi ndi michere ina. Tiyenera kukumbukira zina mwa zinthu mosiyanasiyana awa:

- zimachitika acid ndi limachitika pamene asidi ndi wamphamvu kuposa umene mchere kumachitika;

- zimene ndi maziko a umachitika ngati kumene nkhani insoluble aumbike;

- saline njira amachitira ndi zitsulo, ngati anachoka mu electrochemical mndandanda nkhawa zitsulo, omwe ali mbali ya mchere;

- mchere pawiri mu njira chiyani wina ndi mzake, ngati izi aumbike ndi insoluble mankhwala kuwombola;

• redox kuti zikhoza kugwirizana ndi katundu wa cation kapena anion.

The salt asidi asasanyika milandu chabe gawo la atomu wa hydrogen mu chidulo ayamba maatomu zitsulo (mwachitsanzo, NaHSO4, CaHPO4). Pamene electrolytic dissociation iwo apanga hydrogen ndi zitsulo cations, wa asidi anions zotsalira Koma mankhwala katundu wa gulu monga salt makhalidwe zotsatirazi ngati mchere ndi asidi mankhwala:

• zagonjetsedwa kwa kuwonongeka matenthedwe kupanga mchere sekondale;

• anachitira ndi soda kupanga mchere yachibadwa.

salt Basic analandira pa nthawi imene yekha gawo la magulu hydroxyl m'malo ndi zapansi ndi anions zidulo (mwachitsanzo, Cu (o) kapena cl, Fe (o) CO3). mankhwala otere amakhala dissociated mu cations zitsulo ndi anions wa hydroxy acid zotsalira. The katundu mankhwala gulu la salt monga zizindikiro khalidwe mankhwala mankhwala ndi mchere, ndi zapansi pa nthawi yomweyo:

• yodziwika ndi kuwonongeka matenthedwe;

• anachitira ndi asidi ndi.

Pali mfundo zovuta mchere pawiri.

Zovuta munali zovuta anion kapena cation. The katundu mankhwala a mtundu umenewu anachita monga salt chiwonongeko maofesi, limodzi ndi mapangidwe mankhwala ochepa sungunuka. Komanso akhoza kusinthitsa ligands pakati pa malo mkati ndi kunja.

Wapawiri alinso cations osiyana ndipo akhoza kutani ndi njira zamchere (kuchepetsa anachita).

Njira kukonzekera salt

zinthu zimenezi akhoza zopezera m'njira zotsatirazi:

• yatikhudza zidulo ndi zitsulo, amene angathe aithamangitse maatomu wa hydrogen ndi;

• Kodi zapansi anachita ndi zidulo, zapansi ndi hydroxyl gulu umasinthanitsidwa ndi zatsalira acidic asidi;

• kanthu zidulo pa amphoteric ndi zofunika oxides, salt kapena zitsulo;

• zimene zapansi pa oxides acidic;

• anachita pakati oxides ndi acidic ndi zofunika;

• salt mwa kuchita ndi mzake kapena zitsulo (M'MALO anachita) ;

• yokonza salt chitsulo pa zochita ndi sanali zitsulo;

• acidic mchere pawiri akamagwira zimene salt sing'anga ndi asidi wa dzina yemweyo;

• zofunika mankhwala mchere zakonzedwa mwa kuchita mchere ndi pang'ono soda.

Choncho, salt akhoza kukhala okonzekera m'njira zambiri, chifukwa amapangidwa chifukwa cha zochita zambiri mankhwala pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochita kupanga ndi mankhwala.