Chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad: loonetsa anatseka misewu

Chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad Iwo zodziwika kwa zigawo zosiyana za anthu. Zinali yekha ndi yotsimikizika njira kugawira mankhwala, amene amapereka chiyembekezo cha moyo. Kodi n'zotheka kukhalabe mu ozizira, mzinda anazinga, kupeza manja anu pa magalamu 125 monga mkate tsiku? Yankho la funso limeneli lagona mu mphamvu zochuluka kwa amuna mzimu wa nthawi ndi chikhulupiriro chosagwedera chigonjetso. Kuzinga Leningrad - nthano imene muyenera kudziwa ndi kukumbukira chintchito m'dzina la anthu amene ataya moyo wawo ndipo anapulumuka kuzinga kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu.

Anatseka misewu: Chiyambi Chawo

masiku 900, chimene chinafika kwa September 1941 ku January 1944, anapita ku mbiri monga masiku ambiri chisoni kuti unapha anthu osachepera 800,000 a mumzindawo izi.

Leningrad wotanganidwa kwambiri pa mawu a German Lamulo, imene inkatchedwa "Barbarossa". Ndipotu, mzinda uno, malinga ndi njira anakhazikitsa wa German Field polimbana Paulo, anayenera patsogolo kumka Moscow. dongosolo Hitler amayembekezeka ndithu. Kumbuyo wa Leningrad sankaloledwa analanda mzindawo. Inasanduka ndi mpanda wolimba angaloŵe Leningrad wakhala nthawi yaitali kayendedwe ka dziko la Germany mu dziko.

Mzindawu unali wazingidwa, kupatula Germany ayamba mwachangu kuwononga Leningrad, lolemera zida zankhondo ndi ndege.

Kowopsya kowopsya

Njala - kuti kumene akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu Leningrad. Ndi mzinda anazinga anatsekedwa njira yonse, amene kunapangitsa kuti apulumutse mankhwala. Anthu a Leningrad anatsala yekha ndi mavuto awo.

Chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad anali pansi nthawi 5. Njala chifukwa chakuti pa nthawi ya anatseka misewu mu mzinda analibe mafuta ndi chakudya amapereka zokwanira. Nyanja Ladoga - njira yokha zothekera yoperekera chakudya, koma n'zotheka njira imeneyi mozemba katundu sanali zosoŵa za anthu a Leningrad.

Misa njala anali kumva ngakhale aakulu yozizira, mazanamazana a anthu sangathe kupulumuka mu mzinda anazinga.

chakudya cha Leningrad

wamba oposa 2 miliyoni tikukhala mu Leningrad pa nthawi ya anatseka misewu ya. Pamene mdani anayamba mwachangu kuwononga mzinda, shelling, mabomba ndi moto akhala zonse, ankayesera kuti achoke mu mzindawo. Komabe, misewu onse oletsedwa molondola.

Pa kupezeka m'minda boma munda kuzungulira mzinda mosamala anasonkhanitsa zonse zimene kudya. Koma zonsezi siopulumutsidwa chifukwa cha njala. Kale November chakudya 20 ya mkate mu anazinga Leningrad zinali zitatsekedwa kwa nthawi wachisanu. Kuwonjezera mkate, anthu pafupifupi kanthu. Ichi chinali kuyambira chakudya aakulu njala nthawi mu mbiriyakale ya Leningrad.

zoona za njala: mbiri yakale

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, misa njala wa Leningrad chinabisidwa mfundo. chitetezo cha atsogoleri mzinda m'zonse angaletsedwe zikamera zokhudza tsoka pa TV kulisindikiza. Nkhondo itatha, ndi anatseka misewu ya Leningrad chinaoneka pamene tsoka ndi. Komabe, miyeso kuti boma anatenga mogwirizana ndi kugonjetsa njala, nkomwe tcheru chirichonse.

Tsopano kusonkhanitsa zikalata yotsatira ku Leningrad yachokera n'zotheka kuunikira funso limeneli.

Limafotokoza nkhani pa "Tsentrzagotzerno" ofesi njala mu Leningrad. Kuyambira chikalata ichi, chimene imatiuza za udindo wa katundu tirigu mu theka lachiwiri la 1941, mukhoza kuona kuti July chaka chomwecho, vuto amapereka tirigu anali zolimba. Choncho anaganiza zobwerera ku sitima Port ndi yambewu zimagulitsidwa.

Ngakhale panali kuthekera kwa njanji mu mode mwadzidzidzi mumzindawo kusamutsidwa nyimbo imene njere inali. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti mfundo yakuti mpaka November 1941 makampani ophika buledi ntchito mosalekeza.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa denga njanji kugwirizana

The vuto asilikali chabe anapempha kuti tsiku chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad linawonjezeka. Komabe, pamene kugwirizana sitima chinatsekedwa chuma zakudya utachepa kwambiri. Kale mu September 1941, Food toughened miyeso austerity.

Chakudya cha mkate okhala anazinga Leningrad anali zikuchepa yafupika. Pakuti nthawi kuchokera September mpaka November wa chaka choyamba cha nkhondo ogwira ntchito amene analandira 800 ga, anayamba apereke 250 yekha wa antchito amene amayesetsa 600 ga, yafupika chakudya kwa 125, yofanana mkate ndipo anayamba ana amene kale anadalira 400 mzinda

Malinga ndi nkhani ya NKVD a dera Leningrad, anthu a imfa zikuchepa kuchuluka. Makamaka chisoni anatseka misewu anthu pa zaka 40 ndi makanda.

Masiku kutsitsa mfundo za mkate mu anazinga Leningrad

Chakudya cha mkate anthu analipo kale anatseka misewu ya. Malinga ndi zikalata archival, pa September 2, 1941 kwambiri (800 g) chinapezeka asilikali ndi ntchito m'masitolo otentha. 200 ga amayenera kugwira ntchito zochepa, ntchito za mafakitale. Theka la soldering otentha ntchito mbewu anakonza antchito chakudya amene anali ana 400 amadalira anapatsidwa 300 ga mkate.

September 11, pa tsiku 4 a anatseka misewu, ndi malamulo onse opereka chakudya ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito akhala yafupika ndi 100 ga

October 1, 1941 mkate mfundo mu anazinga Leningrad zinayambanso yafupika: antchito pa 100 ga, ana amadalira anapatsidwa 200 ga

November 13, panali mitengo ina odulidwa. Ndipo patapita masiku 7, 20 November, izo kachiwiri anaganiza chuma aakulu m'matangadza tirigu. The osachepera chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad wakhala kuzindikiridwa - 125 ga

Zapakati pa November 20 December 25, 1941 imatengedwa zovuta kwambiri mu mbiri ya zovuta, chifukwa ndi nthawi imene loonetsa anali yafupika yochepa. Nthawi imeneyi, akuluakulu, ana amadalira analandira okwana magalamu 125 mkate magalamu 250 antchito mukukhulupirira, ndipo anthu amene ankagwira ntchito ku masitolo otentha - 375 mlungu chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad anali chakuti anthu ambiri mumzinda sakanakhoza lidzapulumuka nthawi. Zinapereka palibe chakudya, anthu anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Ndipotu, kuwonjezera wapatali 125 ga anazinga mkate, iwo analibe kanthu. Ndipo chimenechi chakudya chifukwa cha mabomba si nthawi yomwe inakhazikitsidwa.

Popeza December 25, ponseponse chakudya cha magulu onse kupereka anthu anayamba kukula, izo wapereka osati kukakamiza nzika, komanso kukhulupirira kugonjetsa mdani.

Chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad anali chinawonjezeka chifukwa akuvutika chifukwa cha anthu ambiri amene anapereka kugwira ntchito kwa Road wa Moyo kudutsa Nyanja Ladoga. mdani mwankhanza shelled siteshoni kupulumutsidwa, amene analola osati kusintha kotunga mbewu mzinda, komanso kuti asachoke anthu. Nthawi zambiri zosalimba ayezi anali chifukwa kuti makina ndi njere chabe nakufwa.

Mu 1942, njere kuchokera pansi pa nyanja anayamba kupeza osiyanasiyana. Amunamuna ntchito za anthu awa, chifukwa iwo ankagwira ntchito pa moto mdani. Choyamba, ndowa tirigu anagwira pamanja. Kenako Mwaichi ife ntchito mpope chapadera chomwe chinali cholinga kuyeretsa nthaka.

Limene linali chakudya zophikidwa anatseka misewu

M'matangadza tirigu mzindawo unali kochepa. Choncho, anatseka misewu mkate unali wosiyana kwambiri ndi miyambo wophikidwa mankhwala kwa ife. Pamene adzaphika ufa Chinawonjezeka mu zosafunika zosiyanasiyana inedible kupulumutsa chigawo chachikulu cha Chinsinsi. Tikumbukenso kuti zosafunika zambiri inedible anali oposa theka.

Kuchepetsa kudya ufa, kupanga mowa mipingo ku September 23. m'matangadza onse a barele, chinangwa, chimera ndi soya anatumizidwa ku Mikate Yapamwamba lapansi. Popeza September 24, mkate anayamba kuwonjezera oat gaga, mapadi, ndi fumbi kenako wholemeal.

Pambuyo December 25, 1941 zosafunika kwa pafupifupi mbisoweka. Koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri - kuchokera nthawi imeneyo chakudya mu anazinga Leningrad, amene zithunzi Tingaone m'nkhani wakhala kuchuluka.

Mfundo ndi Ziwerengero

Pa anatseka misewu pa gawo la bwino mkate Mikate Yapamwamba 6.

Kuyambira chiyambi cha anatseka misewu mkate wophikidwa ndi ufa wa, amene anawonjezera chimera, Mapila ndi soya. About 8000 matani chimera ndi tonnes 5000 a Mapila ankachitiramo wodetsedwa edible.

Kenako, anatulukira cottonseed chakudya kuchuluka kwa matani 4 zikwi. Asayansi phunziro zatsopano angapo amene asonyeza kuti pa kutentha thunthu poizoni ali zikuchokera mkate, akuwonongedwa. Choncho mkate anazinga anayamba kulowa ndi cottonseed chakudya.

Zaka zambiri zikupitapo, kusiya anthu amene alalikira nthawi zoopsa, amapita nkhaniyo. Ndipo kamodzi tingathe kusunga chikumbukiro cha anatseka misewu zoopsa zomwe anapambana mzinda wa Leningrad. Kumbukirani! Pakuti chintchito anapulumuka, anthu akufa a Leningrad!