Cell ntchito pakati selo

Maselo a zamoyo zonse ndi dongosolo ofanana. Onse a iwo wapangidwa ndi plasma Kakhungu envelopu mozungulira icho (glycocalyx nyama kapena pakhoma selo: M'kupita - a chitin zomera - mapadi), cytoplasm (imene ili organelles, omwe amagwira ntchito yake, pakati selo, mwachitsanzo nawo mu gulu) ndi phata, amene amateteza DNA (kupatula prokaryotes).

organelles selo

Zikuphatikizapo ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, zida Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum ndi pakati selo. Mu chomera maselo muli organelles zenizeni zimene zimapezeka iwo - ndi vacuole. Iwo kudziunjikira zinthu osafunika plastids (chromoplasts, leucoplasts, chloroplasts, mu yotsirizira amapezeka photosynthesis). Ntchito za pakati selo, mitochondria, ribosomes, ndi nyumba zina zofunika kwambiri. Mitochondria ndi mbali ya zopangira magetsiwa m'badwo wapadera, pali ndondomeko imene okhudza maselo ambiri kupuma. Ribosomes ali ndi udindo kwa kupanga mapulotini ndi synthesizing iwo ku amino zidulo munthu mu kukhalapo kwa mRNA, amene analemba nkhani pa zinthu zofunika selo. ntchito Lysosomal ali pogawanikana pamawere wa mankhwala ntchito michere, zomwe zili mkati organelle lapansi. Golgi zida amatolera ndi lofotokozabe zinthu zina. Endoplasmic reticulum ndi kulowerera kagayidwe.

Ma Center - kapangidwe ndi ntchito

organelle akutchedwa centrosome. Ntchito za pakati selo n'zovuta Musaone - popanda organelle izi sizingatheke magawano selo. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri. Pakati chipindacho ndi ofanana ribosome, ndi dongosolo lomwe lilinso amachepetsa awiri. Part centrosome otchedwa centrioles, aliyense wa iwo amaoneka ngati yamphamvu dzenje anapangidwa wa microtubules. Iwo anakonza perpendicular kwa wina ndi mzake. Ntchito za pakati khungu mu mapangidwe centrioles spindle pa mitosis kapena meiosis.

Monga limagaŵikira chiyani?

Pali njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu - meiosis ndi mitosis. ntchito pakati selo akuwonetseredwa mu njira zonse. Ndipo milandu loyamba ndi lachiwiri, magawano chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Kuonetsetsa kuti pali ndondomeko izi: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Meiosis zimatanthauza ziwiri mondondozana magawano khungu, nthawi pakati pa iwo amatchedwa interphase. Choncho, ndondomeko ya maselo ndi DNA diploid (awiri) aumbike ndi angapo haploid (osakwatira). topangira DNA pa mitosis si yafupika - maselo mwana wamkazi komanso nacho diploid. Palinso njira ya kugawa monga amitosis. Pankhaniyi, pachimake, ndiyeno cytoplasm lonse basi ng'ambidwa awiri. mtundu uwu ndi sikawirikawiri monga woyamba awiri, kumachitika ambiri mwa losavuta. pakati Cell mu ndondomeko iyi si mbali.

Kuthandiza pa gulu la pakati selo

njira Prophase kukonza ndondomeko ya mitosis kapena meiosis, nembanemba nyukiliya kuphwanya m'litali. Pa metaphase pakati selo sakukhudzidwa mu centrioles awiri osiyana. Nawonso, kumwazikana kwa mizati ina ya chipindacho. Pa nthawi imeneyi, a DNA munzere pamodzi dziko. Kenako yamazinga spindle Ufumuyo centrioles kuti chromatids osiyana aliyense khromozomu anali Ufumuyo centrioles zosiyana. Lonselo khromozomu metaphase linagawanika mu chromatids osiyana kuti centrioles zingwe kwa mizati zosiyana kukopa. Pa telophase chipolopolo nyukiliya utakhazikitsidwa, cytoplasm ukugawa ndipo potsiriza anapanga maselo mwana wamkazi.