Car "Horch": mbiri ya mtundu odziwika

The Mipikisano faceted, lapadera mbiri ya wotchuka galimoto mtundu "Horch" inayambira zana la 19. November 14, 1899 ndi luso German injiniya August Horch anakhazikitsidwa mu Cologne kampani mwini kubala magalimoto Horch & Cie. Motorwagen Werke. Patapita chaka chimodzi, dziko anaona woyamba galimoto mtundu "Horch", zinapanga kapangidwe zaluso. Kenako, August Horch anali oyamba kukhala galimoto okonza chotchuka kwambiri mu dziko.

August Horch

Tsogolo luso injiniya ndi wazamalonda bwino anabadwa pa October 12, 1868 mu mzinda wa Winningen, mu banja la osula zitsulo. Banja August Horch sanathe popitilira chuma, koma chifukwa iye ankayenera kugwira ntchito ndi zaka 13. M'malo ena ntchito, n'cholinga ndiponso ankakangana Horch sanali ouziridwa ndi aliyense wa iwo, ndipo mu 1888 anaganiza kulowa Achisaxon Engineering College. Akulipira chifukwa chosowa nzeru, kulimbikira achinyamata bwinobwino sukulu ndipo anapeza ntchito choyamba pa foundry, ndiyeno mu dipatimenti kamangidwe ka kampani shipbuilding, kumene ayambirira wa mkati injini kuyaka.

moyo wake zinasinthiratu pambuyo 1896, iye anafika pa njinga yamoto anagona. Pa nthawi galimoto ichi chinali chozizwitsa cha luso. Horch anthu kukayikira zimango za moto ndi madzulo ndinaganiza kulemba kalata ndi nkhani nokha ndi kupempha ntchito mu olimba Benz. Popanda kudikira yankho mwamsanga, ndi August Ine anadabwa pamene ndinalandira uthenga umene iye Analeredwa ndi ayenera yomweyo ntchito yawo. 27 wazaka Horch anasankhidwa mkulu wothandizira mu dipatimenti injini, koma Patadutsa miyezi inayi, chifukwa khama, nyakuonera wa yopanga magalimoto.

kukhazikitsidwa

Karl Benz anali ndiwofatsa kwambiri kwa wofuna wamng'ono German, ndipo mu 1899 ndi August Horch, ndi chithandizo cha wamalonda wolemera mu mzinda wa Cologne Ehrenfeld anatsegula olimba Horch & Cie. Motorwagen Werke. Poyamba, kampani ang'ono ndi ndodo ya anthu 11 chinkhoswe yekha kukonza magalimoto ambiri. Koma chaka kampani linakhazikitsidwa panali galimoto yoyamba "Horch" awiri yamphamvu injini ndi mphamvu malita 5. a. Mbiri ya dzina anaikidwa Horch. Makina yafotokoza galimoto latsopano, pamene kampani anamasulidwa chitsanzo chachiwiri - woyamba German galimoto driveline a.

The magalimoto loyamba

Woyamba Horch zitsanzo ziwiri opangidwa mpaka 1901 anali malita 5 ndi 10. a. magalimoto awa zida ndi injini awiri yamphamvu pabwino kutsogolo. Mu chitsanzo choyamba (4-15 PS) kuyendetsa kwa mawilo kumbuyo galimoto anagwira ndi kufala lamba. Mu chitsanzo chachiwiri (10-16 PS) kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Germany adapirikitsidwira mwa driveline lapansi. Waukulu structural ntchito magalimoto woyamba "Horch" anali gearbox ili chipika limodzi ndi kulanda chachikulu. Masiku amenewo kunali kusankha chosintha.

Thupi galimoto linali lotsegula, ntchito Karetnaya pagululo. Anali aunika kandulo nyali. Mosiyana ndi magalimoto amphamvu a zaka mtsogolo, Horch poyamba zinkandivuta kufika liwiro pazipita 32 km / h. Komabe, panali chinthu kwambiri pa nthawiyo. Pa magalimoto ntchito mikangano zowalamulira. Woyamba "Horch" (galimoto) photos, ili pansipa atsimikiza.

Msewu bwino

Kwa makasitomala pa galimoto latsopano, "Horch" ndi injini mphamvu malita 10-12. a. ndi bokosi chete panalibe kumasuka. ndodo wakula kwa anthu makumi asanu ndi anayi. Pakuti injiniya luso Frits Zaydel kucheza pa injini. Mu gawo wakale kampani zinaterodi, ndipo mu 1902 kupanga zinamulimbikitsa Reichenbach, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri mu Zwickau (Saxony), kumene kampaniyo anali lidzasinthidwa kampani olowa katundu ndi chidwi pa nthawi likulu mayina a 140.000 zizindikiro.

Chitsanzo choyamba, anamasulidwa ndi kupanga latsopano zimaonetsa ambiri zaluso kamangidwe. Iwo anamanga gearbox latsopano, ukugwira ntchito mwakachetechete, ndi ku magiya mkulu-Chrome-faifi tambala zitsulo. The zowalamulira ali oyenerera pakati pa HIV ndi injini. Makokedwe kumbuyo galimoto chitsulo chogwira matayala imafalikira kudzera mwa driveline lapansi. Mu 1906, galimoto "Horch" kwa nthawi yoyamba anapambana galimoto mtundu, zimene zinabweretsa kampani ngakhale otchuka ndi malamulo zambiri kwambiri. Mu chaka chomwecho zitsanzo latsopano Horch anayamba kuonetsa mu Berlin, ndi Paris Njinga Show. Patapita chaka inali kuperekedwa chitsanzo mwanaalirenji ndi zisanu ndi yamphamvu injini vosmilitrovym mphamvu malita 60. mphindikati., mwamuna woyamba amene anali mfumu ina ya ku Indonesia chilumba cha Java.

Anayi mphete - anayi mtundu

Luso ndi kufufuza mosalekeza njira yatsopano mu August Horch galimoto mapulani chofunika zonse jekeseni ndalama. Izi kuvelana kwa ma sheya hoda ndi kutsogozedwa kusagwirizana zonse. Horch anakhulupirira nawo mpikisanowu kulengeza yabwino mtunduwu. Galimoto makampani anakhala ophunzira zonse za mpikisano, mlengi yekha kaŵirikaŵiri adakhala kumbuyo gudumu.

chiwerengero cha dziko amafuna ndalama zonse ndiponso kukula. Choncho, mu 1906, kampani imalankhula latsopano chitsanzo ZD. German galimoto "Horch ZD" ndi injini 5.8-lita ndi opepuka masewera thupi mwapadera anasonkhana nawo yapamwamba mtundu Henry wa Prussia. ntchito zinalephereka mu mpikisano zachititsa kuti aggravation ubale wa kale ndi mavuto ndi ma sheya hoda, amene sanakhutitsidwe ndi malonda a chitsanzo yapita Horch Z. Omvera Mlengi anakana mfundo zina okonza kwathunthu kuteteza maganizo awo. Chifukwa, m'chilimwe cha 1909 wapanikizidwa ma sheya hoda Horch kumanzere kampani anakhazikitsa, koma patatha mwezi umodzi mu Zwickau yomweyo akaundula kampani latsopano August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH.

Awiri Makampani ndi dzina pafupifupi zofanana ndi pafupifupi pa msewu omwewo anakwiya eni ake a kampani m'mbuyomu. Pambuyo chiyeso chimene Horch anataya, panali funso lokhudza dzina latsopano. Pa disskusii za m'nyumba ya mwana mnzake wa mwini, amene anaphunzira Latin, monga Horch anawamasulira ku German ku Latin. Choncho dzina la Audi, ndipo kenako - ndi kampani Audi Automobilwerke GmbH.

Bwino lero mphete zinayi Audi inatulutsidwa mochedwa kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi mavuto azachuma za m'ma 30, ntchentche za m'magulu anayi anaganiza kuti agwirizane gulu lomweli Auto Union AG. Kugwirizana zikuphatikizapo Horch, Audi, woyendayenda ndi DKW. Choyimira cha mphete zinayi posonyeza mgwirizano wa makampani anai awa, ndipo ayenera kupezeka pa magalimoto onse a nkhawa. Horch ndi Audi anapanga magalimoto apamwamba, Anayendayenda - kalasi pakati, DKW - bajeti ndi chuma magalimoto. Pali maganizo olakwika kuti galimoto "Horch" - n'chimodzimodzi ndi Audi, chabe anadzatchedwa ndi nthawi. mfundo ndi yakuti patapita kanthawi atatu mwa anayi oimira gulu unatha. Uko kunali Audi, limene analandira chizindikiro.

Ambiri otchuka

The otchuka kwambiri, "Horch" amaonedwa kukhala magalimoto ndi injini zinayi yamphamvu, ambiri injini mphamvu. Voliyumu ya malonda a magalimoto ndi injini ya kusamutsidwa lalikulu (masewera, zosangalatsa) nthawizonse zochepa pa zifukwa zingapo. Kuchotserapo anali zitsanzo anapangidwa kuchokera 1937 mpaka 1940 (851/853 / 853A / 855/951 / 951A). Izi chifaniziro olimba kwambiri za makina anakumbukira ngati chizindikiro cha mtundu, "Horch". Car (chithunzi 1939 ili pansipa zimatsimikizira) anayang'ana kwambiri.

Kuwonjezera pa nkhani ya magalimoto wamba, Horch olimba ndi wodziwa ndithu kupanga magalimoto a asilikali. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndi pafupifupi Mipikisano cholinga galimoto "Horch 901" mtunda. Galimoto anapangidwa kuchokera 1937 mpaka 1940 pa mwambowu akonzekeretse galimoto Wehrmacht Army-gudumu pagalimoto a mitundu itatu: kuwala, sing'anga ndi katundu.

makampani unawonongedwa likamalowa

Kuyambira cha m'ma 30 ntchentche za kasamalidwe ka kampani August Horch anali ofunda. Iye kunadetsa kuchita zinthu chikhalidwe adakhalabe angapo maudindo akuluakulu. Nkhondo itatha, mzinda wa Zwickau anakhalabe ku dera onse olamulidwa ndi Soviet Union. Companies anali nationalized ndi mbali ya IFA, ngakhale nthawi zina yatulusa magalimoto pansi pa mtundu Horch Mwachitsanzo, nthumwi chitsanzo 930S.

magalimoto Horch kuti mumve

Masanjidwe magalimoto wamba Tingaone mu tebulo pansipa zaka.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa mbiri ya makina amenewa chodabwitsa ndi Mlengi wawo luso.