Bondo olowa. mafotokozedwe

Bondo olowa, wopangidwa mwa magawo awiri, kulumikiza drumstick ndi ntchafu. Mbali ina ili pakati pa tibia ndi femur, ndipo chachiwiri - pakati pa patella ndi femur. Bondo olowa ndi zimfundo zovuta kwambiri ndipo ambiri mwa thupi. Izi makina bloc dongosolo ali ndi dongosolo kuti limalola kutambasuka, flexion ndi medial pang'ono ndi lateral kasinthasintha. Bondo olowa amathandiza pafupifupi kulemera lonse la thupi. Limeneli liyenera ali pachiopsezo: izo sachedwa kuwonongeka ndi chitukuko cha nyamakazi.

Mu unit zikuchokera ndi akutali patella-femoral, zigawo tibiofemoral. Peroneal ina mitsempha amaona ngati gawo limodzi mwa zigawo tibiofemoral.

Bondo olowa wopangidwa mwa zipinda zitatu zinchito ndi hinge-mtundu olowa. mamembala ake m'gulu femoral chikho (femoral-patellar) gawo. Havayo, imakhala ili pa ndege mazunzo a epiphysis wa patella femur, zomwe zithunzi pa bondo olowa. Komanso mu femoral-chikho gawo m'gulu mamembala femoro-tibial (medial ndi lateral). Izi zigawo tibia (atavalanso zoteteza ku yaikulu) amagwirizana ndi femur lapansi. Mu bondo pali synovial madzimadzi. Ndi pano mkati nembanemba ake synovial (kapisozi).

Bondo olowa wapatsidwa udindo wofunika kwambiri. Iwo amagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka thupi mu ofukula (kulumpha) ndi yopingasa (kuyenda kapena kuthamanga) malangizo.

The mwana atabadwa patella chimanga chosakhwima. M'malo mwake, pali kwenikweni chilumba cha kukula, amene tiri ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Ndi zaka zitatu Anyamata ndi atsikana asanu, chilumba inasanduka kneecap yachibadwa.

olowa wagawo zikuphatikizapo maphunziro apadera. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga mapangidwe femur ndi: ndi medial ndi condyles lateral. Iwo osiyana posteriorly ndi distally. The lateral condyle kutsogolo onse kuposa kumbuyo, ndi medial ali wamkulu m'lifupi zonse.

patella ili mu kapisozi articular, mbali kutsogolo kwa mpanda wake woonda. Padziko kumbuyo kwake ndi pabwino medial lateral ndege, omwe ali ndi kugwirizana ndi pamwamba patella. Nayenso, Chili condyles femoral patsogolo pa m'mphepete wapotalikira la fupa.

The kapisozi olowa ndi synovial kusiyanitsa CHIKWANGWANI Kakhungu (wosanjikiza). Amawapatula ndi madipoziti mafuta. A malo khola la olowa amaperekedwa ndi Mitsemphayi kuona. Mogwirizana ndi menisci angapo, ndipo kapisozi kupereka bursitis mitsempha.

Monga tanena bondo olowa imatengedwa kuti ndi mbali ya chiopysezo kwambiri mu dongosolo anzake a munthu. Mwa kuwononga waukulu wagawo ndi olekanitsidwa mawonetseredwe nyamakazi nyamakazi, rheumatoid nyamakazi ndipo kuphatikizapo. Iwo kawirikawiri ndi sichikupindulitsani chichereŵechereŵe mu ntchafu condyles wake ndi tibial fupa la mafupa ndi Mitsemphayi wa bondo, ndi ena.

Special zipangizo zogwiritsa ntchito kubwezeretsa thupi mwendo olamulira. Mwachitsanzo, splint pa bondo olowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kapena imathandizira machiritso. Nthawi zambiri ntchito mu nthawi ayambe pambuyo fractures wa condyles wa femur ndi tibia pambuyo pulasitala immobilization. Izo ntchito ndi Kusakhazikika makezana za bondo. The kulimba pa bondo olowa angagwiritsidwe ntchito usawonongeke. Timatha inu kuchepetsa katundu ngati pali kuwonongeka, komanso kutupa m'malo olumikizirana mafupa.