"Boko haram" - ku Nigeria kwakukulu Islamist bungwe. Misa ankawotcha ana Islamists ku Nigeria

Pakali pano, kuopseza uchigawenga ndi mamembala a mafunde kwakukulu wa Islam amakhala pamlingo waukulu, adayamba mu vuto lonse. Ndi mabungwe chigawenga kuti kuchita ndiponso kulimbikitsa Salafi Islam, zikugwira ntchito osati mu Middle East. Iwo alipo pa Africa. Kuwonjezera odziwika "Al-Shabab", "Al-Qaeda", kwa iwo, makamaka kwa kwakukulu gulu "Boko haram", umene uli kale pa dziko lonse wakhala wotchuka chifukwa upandu zedi ndi zomvetsa chisoni. mwanjira ina, koma zolinga za atsogoleri a nyumba imeneyi achipembedzo ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kotero kukwaniritsa "wamkulu" cholinga, adzapitiriza kupha anthu osalakwa. Akuluakulu African akuyesera kuti amenyane zigawenga Islamist, koma likukhalira izi sizichitika nthawi zonse. ndi Kapangidwe ka kwakukulu "Boko haram" n'chiyani? Taganizirani funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Woyambitsa ndi ideologist gulu la pamwamba ndi munthu amene amadziwika monga Mohammed Yusuf. Iye ndiye anali mu 2002 kukhazikitsa malo maphunziro mu mzinda wa Maiduguri (Nigeria).

ana ake umatchedwa "Boko haram" omwe anamasuliridwa njira Russian "Western -. tchimo" Mfundo kukana chitukuko Western ndi maziko a chiphiphiritso cha gulu lake. Posakhalitsa "Boko haram" anali lidzasinthidwa waukulu mphamvu chitsutso mwachibale kwa akuluakulu Nigeria ndi kwakukulu ideologue mlandu boma kuti chidole mu manja a Kumadzulo.

chiphunzitso

Kodi mukufuna kukwaniritsa Mohammed Yusuf ndi anzake? Inde, dziko lakwawo anakhala pansi pa lamulo Sharia ndi kupambana onse a Azungu, sayansi, luso akhala anakana kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale atavala suti ndi tayi anali pabwino ngati chinachake mlendo. Chidwi n'chakuti, bungwe "Boko haram" palibe pulogalamu ndale. Onse amene ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira amatha - ndi ziwawa: ndi kuba a boma, zonyoza zimayenda ndi kupha anthu wamba. bungwe zimachokera ku akuba, dipo Anagwiranso ndi ndalama payekha.

Amafuna kulanda mphamvu

Choncho, kwa kufunsa kuti "Boko haram" mu Nigeria lero, kwambiri. Ndipo kuti ndi grouping wa zaka zingapo zapitazo?

Izo madalitso okhaokha ndi mphamvu. Kumapeto kwa ziro ndi Mohammed Yusuf ankakamiza kulanda mphamvu mu dziko, koma mwamphamvu anasiya kanthu, ndipo iye anali kundende, kumene anaphedwa. Koma posakhalitsa "Boko haram" ali mtsogoleri watsopano - ndi Abubakar Shekau, amene anapitiriza malamulo a mantha.

kuchuluka kwa ntchito

Panopa gulu Nigeria adzaitana wokha osati monga "West Province a boma Chisilamu African." chiwerengero cha gulu limene akulamulira kumpoto kum'mawa Nigeria m'dziko ndi za 5-6 zikwi omenyana. Koma zintchito za upandu chimafikira kupitirira zigawenga za dziko zimadutsa ndi Cameroon, ndi Chad ndi maiko ena a mu Africa. Kalanga, akuluakulu sangathe yekha kupirira zigawenga: iwo thandizo kunja. Padakali pano, anthu ambirimbiri akuvutika palibe osalakwa.

Osati kale litali, mtsogoleri wa zigawenga kwakukulu analumbira kwa okhulupirika kwa gulu la zigawenga "Chisilamu State." Monga umboni wa kudzipereka kwa IG gulu "Boko haram" ndinatumiza za mazana awiri anthu ake Libya nkhondo.

mantha misa

Ndichinthu anachita Nigeria ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, amenewo akukantha mu zoipa, potero kulimbikitsa mantha wamba. The kupha apolisi, kuukira ndi chiwonongeko cha Akhristu a mipingo - awa ndi ena mwa nkhanza aziphunzitso.

Only mu 2015, zigaŵengazo 'Boko haram' mu Cameroon, kusowetsa anthu, pa pogrom mzinda Fotokol anachita kupha pa anthu zana, anayambitsa kuukira mu Abadame. Komanso, iwo anapha anthu wamba mu Nzhabe ndi Damasiko anali kwathu akazi ndi ana.

M'chaka cha 2014 ku Bungwe la UN Security ananena kuti Nigeria kwakukulu gulu Islamist "Boko haram" chimatengedwa ngati gulu zigawenga.

upandu wina kwadalako chidaperekedwa ndi zigawenga m'mudzi "Chibok". Pali kulanda oposa 270 pasukulu. choncho yomweyo wabweza lonse kumveka anthu. mabungwe yazamalamulo kuti ankaganizira kwambiri za opaleshoni kumasula akapolo. Koma, tsoka ochepa anatha kupulumutsa. Ambiri mwa atsikana anatembenuka Chisilamu, pambuyo imene anali akukakamizidwa kukwatiwa.

kupha ana

upandu ozunguza ndi wokhala zinachitika m'mudzi Dalori, inali pafupi ndi tauni ya Maydaguri (kumpoto kum'mawa).

Anapeza kuti gululi "Boko haram" anatentha ana 86. Malinga okha, amene mozizwitsa anathawa zigaŵenga pa njinga zamoto ndi magalimoto anadzasokoneza m'mudzi ndipo anatsegula moto osalakwa ndi anaponya mabomba m'nyumba zawo. Matupi a ana, kuwotchedwa moyo kusanduka mulu wa phulusa. Koma izi imfayo yekha aziphunzitso. Zigawenga anapha anthu othawa kwawo awiri.

miyeso Control

Mwachibadwa, akuluakulu sakanakhoza kulephera kulabadira mndandanda wa uchigawenga ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira. Ndipo iwo alonjeza kulanga osati Nigeria komanso Cameroon, Niger ndi Benin. zokambiranazo kutsutsa vuto la monyanyira kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane kunachitika. Motero, dongosolo anayamba kupanga atumiza olowa Ochokera M'mayiko Osiyanasiyana Apereka Force (SMS), amene anali kuthetsa zigaŵenga lapansi. Malinga kuwerengetsera kuyambirira, chiwerengero cha asilikali a zachitetezo a asilikali afike pafupifupi 9000 asilikali, ndipo nawo ntchito, osati kokha asilikali komanso apolisi.

dongosolo la ntchito

Zone ya kanthu kuthetsa zigaŵenga chidagawika patatu, iliyonse ili ndodo m'Baibulo. Limodzi ili mu Baga (m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Chad), ndi zina - mu Gumboro (pafupi ndi malire a dziko Cameroon), ndi lachitatu - m'tauni malire a Mora (kumpoto Nigeria).

Koma likulu la olowa loloseredwa mphamvu, zidzakhalanso N'Djamena. Aikidwa kusamalira ntchito ya Nigeria General Illiyu Abajo, amene amadziwa za kuwonongedwa kwa zigaŵenga lapansi.

Akuluakulu National akuyembekeza kuti kuthetsa gulu "Boko haram" zidzatheke ndi mapeto a chaka chino, kukhulupirira kuti nkhondo ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira sanali kutenga nthawi yaitali.

Kodi akhoza m'mbuyo ndondomeko?

Komabe, si onse zazing'ono ngati tikufuna. Kuti opaleshoniyo yayenda bwino, maboma ayenera SMS mmene kuthana ndi mavuto mkati chikhalidwe posachedwapa. Zigaŵenga ankalima kusakhutira nzika Islamist otsika muyezo wa amoyo, katangale ndi mwankhanza wa akuluakulu. Mu Nigeria, theka chiwerengero - Asilamu.

Sangakhoze Kuchotsera, ndi chinthu china chimene zingathe kusokoneza liwiro la ntchito. chakuti boma la maiko ambiri a mu Africa chokumana ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni mpaka chaka kuposa wina.

Boma chabe kuugwira pa mbali ya m'gawo lake kumene chisokonezo kwenikweni akulamulira. Awa ndi kusangalala ndi zinthu kwakukulu, kupambana pa Asilamu amene ali osalimba kusankha lathu ndale.

mwanjira ina, koma chitetezo akuluakulu kuti anakwanitsa kugwira mndandanda wa ntchito bwino kuwononga zigawenga. Mwachitsanzo, zigaŵenga anali inathetsedwa mu nkhalango, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Maiduguri. Komanso kumadzulo kwa Kousseri (kumpoto kum'mawa Cameroon) asilikali SMS inathetsedwa 40 a "Boko haram".

Mwatsoka, atolankhani Western lero kawirikawiri kulabadira analakwira wamba wachita bungwe "Boko haram" mu Afrika. tcheru chonse lolunjika pa "boma Chisilamu", ngakhale kuopsa kwa magulu Nigeria komanso ali kwambiri. Manyuzipepala ndi magazini mu Nigeria alibe mphamvu dziko lapansi ndikuliuza za mavuto awo. Tikukhulupirira kuti zinthu zidzakhala konse, koma West sadzanyalanyaza vuto la uchigawenga ku South Africa.