Baikal-Amur Mainline: Aang'onoang'ono yaikulu kayendedwe. Yomanga Baikal-Amur Mainline

Baikal-Amur Mainline - ya sitima yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. yomanga wake wachita ntchito njira mu chitukuko cha dera Siberia, anali chothandizira mapangidwe amakampani mafakitale, zikamera wa mizinda latsopano, anapereka ntchito zikwi za anthu mu dziko.

kamangidwe

Boma la Russia watenga chisankho kuti pomanga Baikal-Amur sitima m'zaka 19 mochedwa. Athamangiramo msewu kudzera kumpoto kwa Baikal, zingakhale yojambula mu chitukuko cha madera a kum'mawa. Nkhondo itatha, ndi Japanese anali kuthetsa vuto m'madera ovuta chakudya kum'mawa. The First World nkhondo, utasintha ndi zotsatirapo zake anakakamizika kusiya kaye nkhani imeneyi - mu Soviet Union pamene panalibe njira kapena mphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito zikuluzikulu.

Apanso anamutenga mpaka 1930. Pa msonkhano wa boma anapatsidwa gulu lapadera kuti ntchitoyi sitima imene akanati ikutchedwa ndi Trans-Siberia sitima, koma inali kumpoto ndi kupereka kubwereketsa kwa Pacific gombe. Pa nthawi yomweyo njira zatsopano kupereka dzina - Baikal-Amur Mainline. Major Aang'onoang'ono mayendedwe wosakanikirana ndi Irkutsk, Amur Region, Khabarovsk Gawo, bodza mu Republic of Buryatia ndi Yakutia m'mayiko kufikako. Kale mu 1933 njanji yoyamba, m'dera wakhazikitsidwa.

yomanga

M'ziwawa ntchito pa ntchito yomanga Bam, amene chikugwirizana Taishet ndi Sovetskaya Gavan, mzinda gombe la nyanja inayamba mu 1937. ASB yomweyo Dzina mwamwayi - "yomanga m'ma". Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. Yomanga Baikal-Amur Mainline anakokera kwa zaka, anaima zaka zingapo chifukwa cha nkhondo, ndiyeno chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama. Lero, ndi Bam ndi imodzi mwa ntchito mtengo kwambiri anamaliza m'nthawi ya 20.

Kumangira ndende ndi misasa ya dziko lonse kukopa akaidi zikwizikwi. Akuluakulu ananthunthumiritsa anthu kutenga mbali pomanga msewu umene ukuyenera kukhala tsogolo la mphamvu. Kumathandiza kupereka malawi ndi zipangizo zonse zofunikira. Ndi kumanga misewu ndi mzinda kusanduka Siberia.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1942 mpaka 1947 ntchito inaimitsidwa chifukwa cha nkhondo. Akayimanso chinachitika mu 1953. Mtengo ntchito chofunika ndalama likulu lalikulu ndi anthu ogwira ntchito.

Yomanga adapitiriza pokhapokha zaka pafupifupi 20 - mu 1974. "Ntchito yomanga m'ma" nayambanso inapita mayendedwe, anayamba ndi katswiri malangizo angapo. Panapita zaka 12 kulumikiza malo onse. Panthawi imeneyi, pa malo osiyana mu zigawo zingapo cha dzikoli ntchito okwana pafupifupi 2 miliyoni ogwira ntchito ya zomangamanga. Mu 1989, panali Bam zonse pa mapu a Russia. Pa nthawi yomweyo inakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo achita m'Mphamvu.

Baikal-Amur Mainline: Aang'onoang'ono yaikulu kayendedwe

ASB kumayamba Taishet siteshoni Trans-Siberia Railway, ndiyeno apita ku East. Apa ndiye poyambira pa msewu wolumikiza mayiko awiri kwambiri wofuna zoyendera ntchito. Pamene inamangidwa Baikal-Amur Mainline, Aang'onoang'ono yaikulu kayendedwe akhala mwachangu "kukula mu" anthu likuvutika omanga kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko kuno ku ntchito, kenako anachoka kukhazikikamo.

Malo ofunika msewu ndi: Taishet, Tynda, Nerungri, Komsomolsk pa-Amur, Soviet Harbor. ASB anali sitima yoyamba pa dera la Yakutia, lomwe ndi chifukwa nkhanza zinthu zachilengedwe wachita kale asakhalenso dziko, ndi uthenga ikuchitika yekha mwa kuyenda mpweya.

Development wa dziko padziko Bam ndi

Okonza, kulumikiza ndi Trans-Siberia Railway kwa Pacific gombe, anasankha njira tsogolo la msewu, kuphimba madipoziti lalikulu mchere. Choncho zinakonzedwa kuonjezera Mwachangu zoyendera. Njanji mayendedwe anali kubweretsa ubwino chogwirika ndi atsogolere mayendedwe a mchere.

Kwambiri anaphunzira njira kutsatira Bam ndi coalfields anthu: Ogodzhinskaya ndi Elga, Udokanskoye mkuwa, mafuta ndi gasi kumunda Talakanskoye, VC, Yarakta ndi m'madera ena. Komanso, pali madipoziti kwambiri zachitsulo ores, mkuwa ores, apatite ndi mafuta mbali zina za njira. Kuonjezera ntchito ndi dzuwa ntchito pa nyumba, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa zofunikira zoyendera m'chigawo ndi kuonetsetsa yobereka chuma mwachindunji ku malo potsegula m'galimoto.

okwerera kwambiri lalikulu panjira

Chifukwa pomanga msewu anakhala mudzi wa Ayenela-Kut, Tynda (yotsirizira anatchedwa kuti "mtima wa Bam"). Taishet - siteshoni pamalo abwino zofunika, poti zimachokera Baikal-Amur Mainline. mfundo yaikulu zoyendera komanso kudutsa Tynda, kenako nthambi ziwiri: North (mu Nerungri) ndi South (pa Skovorodino), polowa, m'njira ndi Trans sitima.

The osachiritsika siteshoni - mzinda wa Sovetskaya Gavan, yomwe ili pa magombe a pa Chitata Khwalala. Iye amadziwika wina protracted - yodutsa pansi pa madzi, zomwe amayenera kulumikiza Sakhalin ndi kumtunda. Mpaka tsopano, ntchito imeneyi si ntchito. Mu Soviet Harbor oyenerera siteshoni 3, koma zonyamula sitima asiye kudera lina loyandikana. Komanso, sitima zonyamula kupita West a dziko, muyenera kutsatira kudzera Vladivostok, amene akhoza anafika ndi galimoto ngolo.

njanji ena m'chigawo

Baikal-Amur Mainline zikuphatikizapo subordinated VSZHD chigawo Siberia a njira, ndi Far East - mu Amur Region ndi Khabarovsk Gawo. ASB akubwereza Trans-Siberia sitima zikuyenda kum'mwera kwa dziko la Russia (ofanana - mwa Siberia ndi Far East m'madera).

Mapulani chitukuko cha Bam ndi

The vuto lalikulu la sitima ndi yakuti, ngakhale zaka zoposa 15 za moyo utumiki, komabe wopanda pake. mayendedwe Railway ndi kuthekera yaikulu, amene anasunga njira imeneyi, pamene okonza analenga izo, koma izo silinakwaniritsidwe akuyendera.

Vuto lalikulu kwagona kuti ku madipoziti chachikulu cha mchere ndi ores si inatsegula njira ya uthenga. Nditamaliza zomangamanga, anaganiza kuti apitirize kukhala malangizo Komabe, poyamba chifukwa cha kugwa kwa USSR, ndiye chifukwa zinthu wosakhazikika zachuma mu 90 ndi dziko mavuto azachuma mu 2000s oyambirira panako- mobwerezabwereza kulephereka. Mu 2011, kamodzinso nkhani imene inabuka mwa Vladimir Putin. Iwo ankafuna kuti kuonjezera sitima liwiro, mphamvu ndi kumapitiriza mphamvu.

General makhalidwe a Baikal-Amur Mainline

The utali wonse wa njira ndi 4.300 Km, makamaka tichipeza njira imodzi. Njanji njira ziwiri anamanga yekha kwa Taishet kuti Lena ndipo ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 700 makilomita.

Bam Yomanga anali kumva ndi mavuto nyengo. Mu okwerera ambiri loponya anali kumangidwa pa dziko la Madzi oundana, mu zivomezi zikhoza. milatho 11 zinamangidwa ndi loyenda mitsinje, pa 30 kuchokera pa msewu umadutsa una wa mu thanthwe. Okwera komanso kwambiri kusokoneza ntchito yomanga njanji lapansi.