Asidi Ethanoic. thupi katundu, Kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa

asidi Ethanoic (dzina lina - asidi acetic) - ndi chinthu organic zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri chosalimba carboxylic acid. The opangidwa kuchokera ku asidi uyu akutchedwa acetates. Kudzera mwa mankhwala akhoza zopezera ethanoic asidi methyl Ester: ethanal = + ethanoic asidi methyl Ester.
thupi katundu asidi ethanoic

1. ethanoic asidi (chilinganizo - CH3COOH) ndi madzi popanda mtundu ndi fungo ndi zosasangalatsa wowawasa kukoma.
2. hygroscopic. Wamphamvu sungunuka m'madzi.
3. asidi ethanoic miscible ndi solvents kwambiri. Ndi bwino mpweya sungunuka ndi mankhwala zochita kupanga monga Moni (iodide wa hydrogen), HF (fluoride wa hydrogen), HBr (bromide wa hydrogen), HCl (hydrochloric acid) ndi ena ambiri.
4. Pali monga liniya ndi dimers ozungulira.
5. The dielectric zonse za 6.1.
6. poyatsira kutentha mpweya ndi madigiri 454.
7. ethanoic asidi mitundu azeotropes ndi tetrachloride mpweya, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene ndi bromoforom.

asidi Ethanoic akhoza zopezera mu njira zingapo:

1. Mwa oxidizing acetaldehyde ndi mpweya mpweya. Zimenezi zimatheka mwa pamaso pa chothandizira - manganese nthochi pa kutentha madigiri 50 mpaka 60. Zimene ali motere:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (mpweya) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. Njira zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni ntchito makampani. Poyamba kwa ethanoic asidi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa byuteni anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized yekha pamaso pa nthochi manganese pa kuthamanga yapamwamba ndi kutentha. The zokolola za asidi ethanoic anali pafupi makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu pa zana.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-byuteni anali oxidized pa kutentha madigiri 150 kwa 200. Pamene nthochi cobalt amachita monga chothandizira a.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Koma chifukwa kuwuka kwambiri mitengo mafuta, onse mwa njira zimenezi anakhala opanda pake ndipo posakhalitsa m'malo mwa ndondomeko zosavuta kwa carbonylation wa methanol.

3. carbonylation othandizira wa methanol - ndi njira zofunika kwa asidi kaphatikizidwe ethanoic. Zimachitika makonzedwe aone kuti pali:

CH3OH + NKHA = CH3COOH

4. Palinso amuzolengedwa njira yopanga lomwe lili ndi mphamvu ya tizilombo kuti oxidize Mowa. Zimenezi amatchedwa acetic nayonso mphamvu. Pamene ntchito ngati zopangira amadzimadzi Ester ethyl mowa kapena etanolosoderzhaschie madzi (thovu timadziti). Izi Mipikisano sitepe zovuta ndondomeko. Iwo akhoza kutchulidwa ndi anthu aone kuti pali zotsatirazi:
CH3CH2OH (efa mowa) + O2 (mpweya) = CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) + H2O
ntchito

- ethanoic asidi amadzimadzi njira ntchito mu adzasowa chakudya, kuphika ndi kuteteza;

- ethanoic asidi ntchito kulenga zinthu odoriferous ndi mankhwala (acetone, acetyl);

- ntchito nsalu mu utoto ndi kusindikiza;

- ngati sing'anga anachita kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni zinthu zina organic (wa hydrogen peroxide makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa sulfides);

- kuchokera ethanoic asidi awiriawiri ndi zosasangalatsa Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala fungo, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ammonia.