Anthu kumpoto ndi chikhalidwe chawo

Poyamba, Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe awerengedwa 45 mitundu yosiyanasiyana tikukhala mu nyengo wankhanza wa North. Iwo amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, aliyense ali ndi chilankhulo chake, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo.

Kodi mitundu kumpoto?

Lingaliro la "anthu a North" ochuluka kuchepetsedwa ndi mawu akuti "ing'onoing'ono". Malinga ndi lipoti la boma, awa ndi iwo, chiwerengero cha anthu oimira amene musalumphe pakhomo la anthu 50 000. Komabe, ngati m'mabuku sadzatha kupeza amene akadali zambiri kuposa nambala iyi, koma moyo mu North, amalemekeza miyambo yakale ya makolo awo, komanso amati chipembedzo chomwecho. Mu nkhani ngati tikambirana anthu a ku Far North okha manambala yaing'ono, kuti ukaponyedwe kunja kwa mndandanda wa Komi, Karelia ndi Yakuts. Izi ndi gulu mwachilungamo lalikulu.

mphamvu zalamulo

Mu 1995, poyamba anaonekera zambiri mwadongosolo mndandanda wa mafuko ndi anthu a North, amene moyo yekha mu gawo ili la Russia, komanso kusunga chikhalidwe ndi banja miyambo. Pamafunikanso ndi Komi ndi Yakuts, amene kawetedwe mphalapala. Onse a iwo amakhala m'madera ang'onoang'ono isanafalikire, zinthu zosiyana ndi m'gulu la magulu lalikulu mitundu. Akatswiri zonse za anthu a North ndi Siberia, kuyambira m'mayiko anthu m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a ku Russia.

Mu 1999, wapadera dziko anapatsidwa tanthauzo zina. anthu kumpoto anazindikira amene amakhala m'gawo lake, kumene anakakhala makolo awo, ali ndi chinenero chawochawo, wosunga mwambo wa ntchito mitundu yemweyo chakudya ndi anthu osakwana zikwi makumi asanu. Ndipotu asayansi zichotsedwa pafupifupi 30% ya magulu yosiyanasiyana.

Mu 2000, nthawi yoyamba anthu onse ang'onoang'ono a North kuwonjezekeredwa chikalata mwamwambo. Mndandanda wa wotchuka lero magulu 45 mitundu. Aliyense wa iwo okhala m'dera ake, zikugwira nsomba zina, ndipo anakumana ndi otsala a anthu la Russia, monga ulamuliro, mwa malonda. Motero makhalidwe awo chikhalidwe zasungidwa ndi opatsirana monga makolo chuma.

Pafupifupi khumi la zonse izi palibe zoposa 1,500 anthu kapangidwe kake.

anthu kumpoto ali kalikiliki mosamala ikukhudzana bwanji ndi chilengedwe. Iwo akuyesera kuti adziwe kumidzi yozungulira, kupulula kuwonongeka kwenikweni.

Ambiri mwa iwo anali kusintha malo, koma zambiri nthawi yomweyo anasintha malo awo mafuko a kalekale.

zasungidwa

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu a North ankangochita kugawana wina ndi mnzake. Iwo anapereka mankhwala owonjezera ndi kutenga imodzi yofunika. Ine monga katundu ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso feteleza zosiyanasiyana, mchere ndi zina zotero.

Kale, iwo anadutsa mzake, ngakhale mwala, kuchokera komwe kulenga zida kusaka.

The mitundu ikuluikulu nsomba kwa anthu ambiri awa ndi:

• mphalapala;
• nsomba;
• kusonkhana;
• horticulture.

Ambiri dongosolo la kusamuka nyengo, imene kusaka forays anachita kapena malonda ndi anthu ena a m'mayiko amenewa.

The Ataliatali kwambiri

anthu kumpoto anali kwambiri adasandulika patapita zaka 10,000 zapitazo, oundana anayamba kusungunuka. Pa mbali imeneyi chodabwitsa cha magulu m'dera mafuko amene ankakhala m'chigawo chapakati kapena kum'mwera kwa dziko, izo anasamukira ku madera a kumpoto.

Iwo akhoza amadziŵika ndi magulu zinenero :

• Evens, Dolgan, Evenki, ndi anthu ena ambiri Far North ndi Turkic ndi Tungus-Manchurian gulu;
• Nenets, Nganasan, Selkup ndi Enets a zinenero m'dera Samoyed;
• Yukagirs kuti Paleosiberian, kaphatikizidwe onse amene anabweretsa chikhalidwe chawo cha anthu a North ndi Far East;
• Khanty, Mansi ndi Sami gulu osiyana zinenero Finno-Ugric.

zojambula Yukagir phanga apezeka mapiri a Angara. Ndipo tsopano iwo onse amakhala kumpoto kwa Russia. Ambiri inatha mu Arctic.

Patapita nthawi, ndipo ine ndinasintha chinenero, ndi maonekedwe a wongosamukasamuka. thupi lawo ndinazolowera kusamutsa chisanu kugonjetsedwa.

Chikhalidwe cha Peoples wa North

Chikhalidwe chilichonse mfunda wapadera ndi inimitable. Ngakhale manambala ang'ono, anthu mitundu zinenero makolo, kusunga miyambo.

Aliyense chilankhulo chonenedwa ndi gulu ina yosiyanasiyana lagawidwa subspecies yosiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, kumeneko Chukchee zisanu m'zilembo osiyana. Omwe ndi khalidwe la dera loti iwo moyo.

folklore

Anthu zamakolo mosamala kusunga nthano zakale munaupereka ku mibadwomibadwo. nthano zawo angaonedwe wapadera chodabwitsa chikhalidwe. Akufufuza analemba nkhani yonse ya anthu a kumpoto kwa retell nkhani. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo mukhoza kumvetsa zimene njira zimachitika ndi anthu awa kwa zaka zambiri.

maholide Traditional chaka chilichonse m'mbiri yonse ya fuko, ena zayambika. Kuimba miyambo, nyimbo, kuvina - onse a iwo zimasungika ndi m'madera.

chikhalidwe nkhani

ziwembu enieni zovala ndi chizindikiro cha unaziri aliyense wa anthu. Komanso, nthawi zambiri zovala miyambo northerners kuoneka zithunzi za ku moyo chifaniziro chawo makolo. Mukhoza kuona amajambulapo maluwa okongola madzi pa madiresi a magulu amene mitundu kuti zikugwira nsomba monga nsomba yaikulu. Images kuoneka nswala mphalapala abusa.

Gulu lililonse mitundu amakhala ndi nyumba zake anamanga pansi malo okhala, a ntchito. mafuko woyendayendawu zambiri chilili nyumba zosakhalitsa kuti zikhoza mfutizo kwa kodi afunika kusamukira ku malo ena.

Monga chakudya, ndiye anthu a North akadali anasunga njira miyambo kusunga chakudya - ziume iwo. Zimenezi zimatithandiza m'malo firiji mwachizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, nyama kuyanika nswala, nsomba zosiyanasiyana zipatso, bowa, zitsamba wamba m'madera ambiri a North Russia.

Kwenikweni, oimira magulu awa mitundu zikugwira chakudya yaiwisi. Iwo sakudziwa kuphika nyama kapena zipatso, masamba kapena nsomba ankaona kuzidya yaiwisi. Mwachibadwa, zimenezi chifukwa kutentha kawirikawiri limatuluka pamwamba ziro.

chipembedzo

Kumpoto kwa Russia sanali Mkhristu kapena Muslim, kapena wina aliyense. Ndi chifukwa chake zitsala chikhulupiriro achikale. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti asayansi ndi azamulungu. Chifaniziro am'deralo kuti ukasintha zimasiyana a mitundu ina.

Komabe unachitikira asing'anga amtengo wapatali. Anthu okondedwa awa ali conduits pakati mizimu ndi chilengedwe anthu. Iwo amachita zamaganizo, madotolo ndi aphunzitsi achipembedzo.

Malinga ndi anthu akomweko, chikhalidwe - ndi zamoyo. Chirichonse ali moyo ndipo amatha onse thandizo ndi mavuto. Ndi chifukwa chake anthu onse a North ulemu mizimu ya nyama, nkhalango, mapiri ndi zomera. Ayenera kupatsidwa ulemu wapadera kwa makolo. Ndi ulemu, iwo tatsimikiza kuthandiza abale awo. Komanso, kusunga zinachitikira onse anapeza mtundu asanabwere ake.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mizimu ya North ziribe kanthu kochita ndi chikhalidwe Indian. Ngati ife Pali kufanana, zidzakhala pafupi ndi vuduu mantha. Koma, mosiyana ndi yamasika, ndi asing'anga ntchito nzeru zawo zabwino kwambiri.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chopunthira cha anthu onse padziko lapansi ndi Mesopotamia ndi chikhalidwe cha Sumerians. Akukhulupirira kuti anthu unachokera mu Iguputo. Mwina anthu oyamba anayamba kufufuza China kapena India. Komabe, ndendende uyu amati palibe amene angathe.

Koma pali chifukwa chomveka chokhulupirira kuti Russia komanso amadzinenera udindo wa mmodzi wa limati wamkulu. anthu kumpoto anakhala pano zaka 9000 zapitazo. M'malo mwake anapezeka zida ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku kulola ife kuti kulankhula za izo. N'zotheka kuti akulu umboni wa komabe zidzaonekera poyera.

Chidwi makamaka pankhani imeneyi ndi Yukaghirs. mtundu umenewu akuti ndi akale kwambiri, ndipo mizu yake ungapite lanthano Hyperboreans. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iwo ayenera kuonedwa ngati makolo wa Chukchi, monga moyo wawo ndi oyenereradi kwa Arctic. Komanso, iwo ali kutali patsogolo pa mitundu ina pa mlingo wa sayansi.

Ngati ife kulankhula za ing'onoing'ono wamng'ono wa North - ndi miphika. gulu mitundu anali atangotha m'ma 19 m'ma, pamene tsars Russian anayamba kufufuza mwakhama dziko la Ussuriysk. Kuloŵerera a mitundu yosiyanasiyana (Nanai, Udeghes, Chinese), akuikidwa kudzipatula kwachititsa kuti zikamera wa gulu latsopano.