Air chitetezo cha Ukraine. Mpweya wa chitetezo wa Asilikali onyamula zida za Ukraine

Pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa USSR asilikali Chiyukireniya anawerengedwa mmodzi wa asilikali mpweya chitetezo (8 limodzi) ndi ankhondo anayi mpweya, kuphatikizapo zinakhazikitsa atsopano pa nthawi machitidwe chitetezo "S-300" womenya "Lamulungu 27" ndi "MiG 29". Komabe, mu yochepa mbiri, ambiri a zida anagulitsa, kuwataya kapena ali kunja kwa whack. Pozindikira kufunika kokhala ndi mphamvu waluso, boma anatenga chiwerengero cha zochita kulimbitsa asilikali, makamaka wamakono kachitidwe mpweya chitetezo.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Ndi 1992, 8 asilikali osiyana inkakhala madoko akuluakulu sikisi:

• 1 Air silikhali Division (dPVO), Crimea.
• 9 dPVO, Poltava dera.
• 11 dPVO, kum'mawa kwa dziko.
• 19 dPVO yokutidwa Kiev.
• 21th dPVO, Odessa dera.
• 28 Air silikhali Corps, kumadzulo Ukraine.

Radio zomangamanga gulu zochokera mu Kharkiv, Lviv, Sevastopol, Odessa ndi Vasilkov. Mu 1992, asilikali mpweya chitetezo inkakhala 132 odana ndege battalions chida ogwirizana regiments 18 brigades. The mankhwala akhala atamaliza anamwazikana kuti molondola kuphimba matawuni akuluakulu mafakitale, payekhapayekha mzake.

zikuchitika

Patatha zaka 20 wa chitetezo wa Ukraine akupitirizabe kukhala yoopsa mphamvu, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zida lotha chitetezo imapanga kwambiri wofooka. okwerera Rada, zotsala ku Soviet Union, komabe amakulolani kulamulira airspace. Komabe, kupanda zida zosinthira ndi nkhondo mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa bwanji kugwira ntchito zingapo okwerera polojekiti. Makamaka, kuonongeka Rada Lugansk Avdeyevka, zifukwa zoonekeratu anataya okwerera ulamuliro Crimea.

Ndi 2000s oyambirira ndi mikono kuchotsedwa wamphamvu koma chakale machitidwe chida "C-75" ndi "C 125". Mu 2013 chinali 'abweze mchimake "Sam" S-200 "zosintha osiyana. Kudulidwa komaliza unatha Sam "S-200V" 540 TH Regiment wa Lviv.

Nkhawa kwambiri ndi kupanda maphunziro a magulu mpweya chitetezo lankhondo la Ukraine. Izi si khalidwe la kuwombera othandiza zitachitika ndi downed mwakwera ndege ngozi mu 2001. % 10 okha ogwira ntchito ndi luso kuwombera.

ziyembekezo

Pa nthawi, mpweya Poteteza dziko alibe losatha odana ndege kachitidwe. Popeza mfundo imeneyi, boma waika chandamale mu 2016 kuyamba zikuluzikulu wamakono wa mpweya chitetezo, kuphatikizapo machitidwe chida mpweya chitetezo siteshoni Rada.

Vuto lalikulu ndi kusowa wokonda ndalama. Purchase zida zamakono mpweya chitetezo amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri anzanga Western. Komanso, chifukwa zolinga za ndale m'mayiko musati ndifulumire kugulitsa zida mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane wa asilikali Chiyukireniya. linanena bungwe adzakhala kugula m'munsi mtengo koma odalirika dongosolo mpweya chitetezo (kuphatikizapo lamya) mu Russia, koma mavuto pakati pa anansi musalole izi.

Popeza wosaperewera ndalama, nkhani ya kubwezeretsedwa ndi kusintha machitidwe a "C-200" ndi kubwerera ku ntchito nkhondo. Komabe, akatswiri asilikali amantha bwanji mfundo yakuti "reanimation" zida ntchito.

Air azitsamba

Air chitetezo cha Ukraine ali bwino kasamalidwe dongosolo. Anti-ndege asilikali zida ndi asilikali wailesi-luso ndi udindo ntchito kachitidwe Rada ndi dongosolo mpweya chitetezo chida, amene ntchito ndi kuteteza airspace la dzikolo. nyumba Awa ndi phunziro kwa Air Force a Ukraine.

Mbali ntchito VOP chida chida machitidwe "S-300PT" (NATO gulu SA-10a kuimba), "S-300V1" (SA-12a Gladiator), " C-300PS" (SA-10b kuimba), " Buck" (SA- 11 Getfly). Malinga ndi kafukufuku magwero onse, panali mayunitsi 11 mu 2010, "S-300PS" ndi 16 mayunitsi "S-300PT". Recent kwenikweni anayamba gwero. Akatswiri amanena kuti magulu 8 yekha "S-300PS" amatha kunyamula ntchito nkhondo.

A zinthu zovuta kupereka mpweya machitidwe chitetezo chiwonongeko zikutanthauza. Air chitetezo roketi machitidwe "S-300" chitsanzo kuleza 5V55 wa moyo, ndi mu dziko lawo la ulimi si okhazikika.

zida kudziwika

Mu Ukraine pali nyumba zoposa 200 zokhudza mpweya chitetezo, komanso 76 maofesi wothandiza. 36 kudziwika udakali anafooka maudindo 106 kwa mizinga odana ndi ndege.

Njirazi ndi monga:

• oyambirira zida chenjezo: 36 milomo.
• Rada makhazikitsidwe 36D6: 20;
• Rada kudziwika 64N6: 9;
• maphunziro osiyanasiyana: 3.

Kumachita udindo kwa Sam:

• kachitidwe kuti "S-125": 2-udindo;
• "P-200": 5;
• "S-300PS": 12;
• "S-300PT": 16;
• "C-300V1": 1.

Amangokhala (kuthetsa) udindo kwa Sam:

• Kachitidwe "S-75": 58 maudindo;
• "2Q12" 1;
• "S-125": 16;
• "C-200": 11;
• "S-300P" 19.

chenjezo njira Early

Mpweya wa chitetezo wa Ukraine zachitika dongosolo chenjezo oyambirira. Imakhala radars zosiyanasiyana pamtunda m'dziko lonselo. udindo wawo, monga ulamuliro, muli mitundu chimodzi kapena zingapo radars chenjezo oyambirira, komanso okwera kudziwika ndi kuzindikira dongosolo.

Pali 28 yogwira malo oyambirira chenjezo ndi 8 zina (otetezedwa), omwe anapangidwa kuti maukonde Kukuza kapena yosamutsa ndalama ngati akufunika kutero.

20 maudindo 36D6 (Tin Chikopa) Rada ndi 8 udindo Rada 64N6 (Big Mbalame) kupereka chandamale chizindikiritso ndi ntchito nkhondo kasamalidwe kwa dziko maukonde mpweya chitetezo. Asilikali kupereka nthaka chivundikiro mpweya malo oonekera. Rada 64N6 36D6 ndipo anakonza kuti kupereka Kuphunzira kuthetsa. kachitidwe amatha kulamulira pafupifupi onse mpweya danga la Ukraine, komanso m'madera ambiri a Black ndi Azov Pacific.

Sam "S-200V"

Armament mpweya chitetezo kachitidwe ku Ukraine zikuphatikizapo osiyanasiyana osiyana. Maofesi "C-200" ndiyo losatha (mpaka 250 km) ku Ukraine odana ndege asilikali chida. Mpaka posachedwapa, 5 mabatire alipo "C-200" kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha mpweya malo pafupifupi dziko lonse kum'mawa kwa dziko pakati Kharkiv ndi Luhansk. Otsiriza 11 sanali kuchita udindo "C-200" amakhalabe, ngakhale kuti mosakayikira ntchito kuti akomere sayenda zothandizira, monga "S-300PS." mapulani boma - kubwerera kuyitanitsa malo akweza mu zaka 2016-18, chifukwa chosowa njira ina maofesi losatha.

Mwalamulo, Unduna wa silikhali amanena kuti ntchito za "S-200V" 250 kilometre utali wozungulira, koma kulowa Russian yonyamula pa Nyanja Black anamasulidwa olakwa chida "S-200" mu October 2001, kungasonyeze kuti ntchito ya "P-200D" 300 kilometre utali wozungulira.

Sam "S-300P"

Ngakhale dongosolo "S-200" ndi utali wozungulira lalikulu la kanthu, koma zovuta VOP "P-300P" ndi ochuluka kuposa komanso aluso. Zochita mndandanda mapanelo 27 "S-300P" 16 mabatire okonzeka ndi machitidwe "S-300PT", ndi 12 - machitidwe "S-300P".

Unsembe zinatumizidwa kuti asapatsire zofunika kwambiri ndale, nkhondo ndi mafakitale mabacteria a dziko. Dnepropetrovsk, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa atetezedwe zosachepera 6 mabatire lililonse, Nikolaev (ndi kale Sevastopol) - wa osachepera 5 mapanelo. maofesi angapo kuphimba kukafika kumadzulo.

okonzeka batire Sam "S-300PT" ali 12 launchers, pamene batire ali okonzeka ndi Sam "S-300PS" 8 launchers. Aliyense batire yatenganso 5N63 kapena 5N63S Rada ndi makina ounikira kuti tipeze otsika mipherezero ukuuluka 5N66 kapena 5N66M. Onse machitidwe Rada zambiri ntchito gulu mlongoti 40V6 zino.

Likulu, Kiev - malo okha omwe ali otetezedwa ndi lonse ija batire "S-300P". Zonsezi 6 kukhalabe tingati ntchito 4 "S-300PT", ndipo awiri - "S-300PS." mayunitsi asilikali ndi chitetezo mpweya kuphimba Kharkov ( "S-300PT"), Odessa ( "S-300PS") ndi Nikolaev ( "S-300PT") - izi promtsentry atatu otetezedwa mabatire lililonse. Dnepropetrovsk kutetezedwa ndi anayi batire zoyendetsedwa "S-300PT".

mwatsatanetsatane mpweya chitetezo

Pali kachitidwe awiri mwatsatanetsatane mpweya chitetezo machitidwe chida omwe alembedwa Chiyukireniya maukonde mpweya chitetezo. APU ntchito dongosolo "Buk" 9K37 ndi "C-300V1". Ena mwa kachitidwe umamumvera mphamvu ya mpweya chitetezo, ndipo ena - mikono ena omenyana. kachitidwe Mobile tinapangidwa kuphimba mafakitale, ndale komanso zinthu njira, magulu ankhondo.

Yamakono ananenetsa kuti Ankhondo ntchito njira "Buk-M", ndi Air Force a Ukraine ntchito "Buk-M1". Utumiki wa chitetezo komanso akunenetsa kuti Army amagwiritsa kusinthidwa wa "C-300V1" (Gladiator), akulozera chakuti Ukraine alibe dongosolo la "S-300V2" (Giant), akhoza kuponyera pansi mivi ballistic.

m'dera Kuphunzira

Chiyukireniya maukonde Sam tinatengera kwa Soviet Union. Air chitetezo kumatanthauza anakonza kuti asapatsire malo alionse ofunika zigawo linalake. The kuli yokutidwa likulu Kiev, masango kiyi mafakitale pakati pa Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv ndi Odessa. Part wa mabatire ndi omwazika kudutsa dziko.

Malinga ndi akazembe, ndi dziko salinso likuoneka nkhondo NATO, motero, asilikali Chiyukireniya chepetse chiwerengero cha ndege Sam kachitidwe. Ngakhale maukonde mpweya chitetezo ndi kwambiri utachepa kukula kuyambira kugwa kwa USSR, Ukraine Zatsala mokwanira okonzeka kudziteteza kuukira mpweya.

Machenjerero njila

Zida Mobile monga "S-300PS", "Buk" ndi "C-300V1" wokhoza kuchita, teroni - pafupifupi kulikonse mu dziko. Dislocations 64N6 Rada ndi odana ndi ndege machitidwe 36D6 kupereka nkhondo kasamalidwe chilimbikitso ndi zolinga, ziribe kanthu komwe iwo ili, chifukwa zopezera lonse chenjezo oyambirira. Popeza Sam "S-300PS", nthawi zambiri ili pa malo okonzeka zopezera lalikulu malo wofooka ndi nyumba ali ndi kuthekera udindo kwa mayikidwe a kachitidwe chida. Mu Ukraine, oposa 100 anafooka (kuthetsa) maudindo Sam masanjidwe osiyana.

Ena angathe kukhala zitsanzo achikulire. Ngakhale "C-200" sizikugwirizana bwino kuukira kuuluka, chozemba kapena otsika-zouluka mipherezero dongosolo chingalepheretse CIA kapena zina zikuluzikulu asilikali ndege pafupi ndi mpweya danga la Ukraine. Mwina ndiye chifukwa abwerako sikhala pa ntchito pambuyo zosintha zina. Ndi kulemba-Sam "S-300PT '70s mapulani wapadera zankhondo kumeneko.

pofuna

Pakuti 2016-2017 anakonza wamakono wa Ukraine ndi mpweya chitetezo. Systems a "P-200" ndi "C-300PS" Pakufunika m'malo mwa 2016-2020. Ngakhale popanda kutenga nkhani moyo utumiki, masiku abwino "S-300PS" ndi "C-200" anasiya. Chifukwa chitukuko zonse kupezerapo ECM (countermeasures zamagetsi), SEAD / AKUFA (kulimbana chitetezo mdani mpweya), ndi zinthu zina Sam deta si kukumana mzimu wa nthawi.

Polojekiti ya malangizo a mfundo munthu / zida ku maofesi akale, komanso popanga mankhwala anu ntchito zigawo amakampani Chiyukireniya ndi abwenzi akunja.

kachitidwe Rada

Ukraine - mmodzi wa opanga ochepa padziko lapansi, akufotokozera ndipo pomaliza Rada mu kuzungulira chatsekedwa. Komabe, ambiri zipangizo ndi zida za asilikali Chiyukireniya ukufanizidwa ndi zitsanzo chakale. Ngati bwino - modernized. Park zida zamagetsi akupanga makina ounikira nomenclature analipo zitsanzo mibadwo sakanikira anira dongosolo zokha ndi mfundo ndondomeko Rada.

Malinga akuti Ukraine, ndi ndalama allocated ndi APU mu 2016, ndalama kwambiri Cholinga chake mpweya chitetezo. Iwo anakonza kugula okwerera Rada 28 Sinthani a mayunitsi asanu. Komabe, kufunika ya zachitetezo mu makina ounikira latsopano ndi akweza ndi zambiri ndi mazana awiri zidutswa. Ndipotu, tsiku, boma la kachitidwe chitetezo, makamaka odana ndege zida ndi makina ounikira Rada asilikali, masamba chiyembekezo cha zabwino. Ndipo akutsutsana ndi maziko a mfundo yakuti mu Ukraine ali opanga yake amene anatha kupereka njira zawo patsogolo pa polojekiti airspace zoweta.

Chibwenzi asilikali anasiya ambiri Rada P-18M, R-18MA (P-19MA). Chifukwa cha NGO "Aerotekhnika" vs. "Ukrspetstekhnika" awa zomera osati anakhalabe mu zigawo, koma modernized. Komanso, pali latsopano.

Rada "Malachite"

Latsopano Chiyukireniya asilikali akusowa Rada ano, monga "Malachite". dongosolo akutchedwa wamakono siteshoni Soviet P-18, koma m'njira zambiri ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo. Akatswiri HC "Ukrspetstekhnika" anasintha kwambiri, ndi lero ndi siteshoni zatsopano. The "Malachite" digito chizindikiro processing akuyendera, kuphatikiza ndi zochita zokha ano kuzindikira chitetezo chokwanira, ndi proximal kudziwika zone utachepa kwa 2.5 Km, kuchuluka otsetsereka a mlongoti wachibale udindo yopingasa mu + 15 / -15 digiri, ndi zina zotero. D. "Malachite" ali kudziwika osiyanasiyana mpaka 400 Km, ndiko kuti, siteshoni detects ndi amalondola mipherezero bwino ndi patsogolo kuposa makina ounikira chilichonse chimagwira ntchito tsopano mu Ukraine.

Features cha zovuta akhala ndithu imawunikidwa ndi Chiyukireniya silikhali Utumiki. Chifukwa, siteshoni Rada sanali kuika yokha mu utumiki, komanso kuika m'magulumagulu. Malinga ndi kasamalidwe kampani "Ukrspetstekhnika" monga April 2015 asilikali atadutsa pafupi dazeni "Malachite" Rada.

okwerera Part opatsirana Chiyukireniya oyendetsa amene ntchito dongosolo zinthu zina chimapangitsa pamwamba, wosiyana Soviet P-18. Unkagwira ntchito zinthu nyanja anasonyeza kuti siteshoni bwinobwino zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la kutsatira mipherezero mpweya mwa chikhalidwe chawo, komanso mipherezero pamwamba mu mzere pamaso. Kuti, 12 mtunda zone, amene ali pansi oyendetsa chofufuzidwa, "Malachite" Rada ankalamulira momasuka.

Rada "MP-1"

Watsopano mita osiyanasiyana siteshoni Rada m'mene olemba "MP-1", tsopano analenga SPC "mphamvu." Okonza kuti akuyendera zomwe atsopano onse ganizo sayansi, umalimbana kusalaza kufunika kwa luso chozemba (chozemba).

"MP-1" lakonzedwa moyo batire, komanso ntchito mu mpweya kulamulira chitetezo dera AMS Ukraine. Rada angazindikire, mwache kuyeza azimuthal, osiyanasiyana, kutalika kwa chandamale, ngakhale mmene kusokonezedwa.

The sangathe wa siteshoni akale anali kufunika kukhazikitsa mayunitsi zina zamayendedwe osiyana chopangira mphamvu jenereta amene amapereka machitidwe mphamvu. Chifukwa, Rada zochokera makina 3-4. Siteshoni latsopano "Minsk-1" amafunika chimodzi chokha zoyendera unit. zida zonse aikidwa pa galimotoyo wa KrAZ.

Zinthu zamakono nkhondowo zofunika kuonetsetsa mkulu sayenda cha siteshoni. Patapita mphindi 5-10 ntchito muyenera kusamuka pa makina ounikira malo latsopano. Ntchito "MG-1" woyendetsa, popanda kusiya galimoto zashuga, akulamulira ntchito, poona mpweya zinthu kudzionetsera. siteshoni lilipo chifukwa mauthenga pa wailesi mu mtundu digito, basi transmits magalimoto zinthu pa mpweya chitetezo lamulo ndi malo ulamuliro NE mtundu IP 15 kapena IP-12. Komanso, siteshoni "Minsk-1" akhoza bwino kwambiri kuyeza kutalika kwa zolinga za kupanga dongosolo la 3-ntchito. Zoimbidwa opaleshoni osiyanasiyana ndi 400 Km. ntchito ndi kutukuka.

"Vuwo" Rada

Atatu siteshoni zozungulira view 79K6 (katundu Baibulo - 80K6) "vuwo" adayamba anayamba mu 1992 ndi SPC "Kuthetheka". Only mu 2007 Rada linavomereza APU. zida zonse aikidwa pa makina ounikira unit zoyendera.

Maonekedwe mu Chiyukireniya asilikali Rada 79K6 kuloledwa autonomously ntchito odana ndege chida battalions "S-300PT / PS". Komanso, n'zotheka ntchito 79K6 brigade kapangidwe (6 magulu awo). Pakuti chachikulu mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe a Rada 80K6 ndi pa mlingo wa analogues achilendo, ndipo mtengo wake osachepera kawiri poyerekeza mpikisano. Zolemba malire kudziwika osiyanasiyana "vuwo" cholinga ndi 400 Km. Komabe, pa 3-5 mamita ² EPR mipherezero kudziwika osiyanasiyana pa ndege okwera 100 mamita ali 40 kukafika; pamalo okwera 1000 mamita - 110 Km; pamalo okwera 10-30 Km - 300-350 Km.

Kuti akuphunzitsa asilikali ndi zipangizo zamakono Rada ndi machitidwe mpweya chitetezo tsopano zogwirizana kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti akhalebe ulamuliro wa airspace wa Ukraine ndi kupereka malangizo a makampani zoweta.