Zomwe "Nkhani ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" mwa Pushkin imaphunzitsa: kufufuza kwa ntchito

Nkhani za Pushkin ndi chitsanzo cha momwe nkhani yodziwika imatha kukhala ndi luso lachilankhulidwe chozama. Wolemba ndakatuloyu adatha kufotokozera mndandanda wa ndakatulo osati zilembo zokhazokha, komanso chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri pa nkhani - yophunzitsa, ndiko kuti, zomwe nkhaniyi imaphunzitsa. "Ponena za nsodzi ndi nsomba" ndi nkhani ya umbombo waumunthu. Nkhani yonena za "Tsar Saltan" yoipa ndi yochenjera imalangidwa, koma nthawizonse amapindula bwino. Kotero mu nkhani za nthano zonse zolembedwa ndi ndakatulo.

Chidule cha ntchitoyo

Pamene aphunzitsi amauza ana a sukulu zomwe "Nkhani ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" imaphunzitsa (Gawo 2), amadalira pa ntchitoyi. Izi ndi zolondola, popeza ana amafunika kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayendetsa zochita za anthu: zabwino ndi zoipa, kupatsa ndi umbombo, kusakhulupirika ndi kukhululukira, ndi ena ambiri. Nkhani zachidule zimathandiza ana kumvetsa bwino ndikusankha bwino.

Mu nthano za Nsomba ya Golide chiwembu chimayamba ndi mfundo yakuti pamphepete mwa nyanja yamtambo kumeneko munali munthu wachikulire ndi mkazi wachikulire. Iye anali asodzi, iye anali utoto wopota, koma mthunzi unali wokalamba ndipo ngakhale utatopa.

Mwamuna wachikulire anali ndi mwayi wogwira Goldfish, yomwe idapempha kuti abwerere kunyanja ndipo anadzipereka kuti adzipire yekha.

Msodzi wachifundo amusiya kuti apite, koma mayi wachikulireyo sanakonde ntchito yake yabwino, choncho adamuuza kuti abwerere kunyanja kukafunsa nsomba kuti adziwe pang'ono. Mwamuna wachikulire anachita zimenezo. Nsombazo zinapereka zomwe mkazi wachikulire ankafuna, koma ankafuna zambiri - nyumba yatsopano, kuti akhale mbuye wolemekezeka, ndiye mfumukazi yaulere, mpaka atasankha kukhala Dona, yemwe anali ndi nsomba pamalo ake.

Nsomba yanzeru inakwaniritsa zopempha za mkazi wakale, mpaka iye anafunsa zosavuta. Kotero mkazi wachikulire anatsalira kachiwiri ku bwalo losweka.

Ana, kuwerenga za mbiri ya munthu wakale, kumvetsetsa zomwe "Nkhani ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" ya Pushkin imaphunzitsa. Mphamvu ndi chuma nthawi zonse zinasintha mkazi wachikulire, kumupangitsa iye kukwiya. Ophunzira amapanga chigamulo cholondola kuti umbombo ndi wolangidwa, ndipo mukhoza kukhalabe wopanda kanthu.

Mlembi mwiniyo anaika tanthawuzo lakuya mu nkhani yake, makamaka ngati wina akuganizira zomwe zili pansi pake.

Nkhani ya Abale Grimm

Ngati mutenga monga maziko a filosofi ya zomwe "Nkhani ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" imaphunzitsa, kufotokoza kuyenera kuyamba ndi nkhani za abale Grimm. Anali ndi mbiri yawo yokhudzana ndi wokalamba wachikulire, yemwe, poyamba ndi zofuna zazing'ono, anafika pa zomwe adafuna kukhala Papa, anali ndakatulo.

Zikuwoneka kuti nkhani ya nkhani yophunzitsira ndi umbombo wamba wamba, koma ngati mumamvetsera zomwe zikuyimira, ndiye kuti "Nkhani ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" imaphunzitsa, imakhala ndi tanthauzo losiyana. Pomwepo, Abale Grimm, ndi kumbuyo kwawo Pushkin, sali oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mutuwu.

Vedic nzeru

M'machitidwe akale a ku India Matsya-purana imanenedwa ngati mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wachikulire mmenemo ndi weniweni "I" wa munthu, moyo wake, umene uli mu mpumulo (nirvana). M'masewero a Pushkin msodziyo ndendende ndipo akuwonekera pamaso pa owerenga. Iye wakhala ndi mkazi wachikulire mumthunzi zaka 33, akugwira nsomba ndipo amasangalala ndi chirichonse. Kodi ichi si chizindikiro cha kuunikiridwa?

Izi ndi zomwe "Nkhani ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" imaphunzitsa: Chowonadi chenicheni cha munthu ndicho kukhala chogwirizana ndi moyo wake ndi zowona. Mwamuna wachikulireyo adapirira mwangwiro ndi dziko lapansi lalikulu ndi loyesa, lomwe likuyimira nyanja yakuda.

Amaponya ukondewo ndi zilakolako zake mwa iye ndikupeza zomwe akusowa tsiku la moyo. Chinthu china ndi mkazi wachikulire.

Mkazi wachikulire

Icho chimaphatikizapo umunthu wa egoism, umene sungakhutsidwe kwathunthu, ndipo sudziwa chomwe chimwemwe chiri. Egoism imafuna kudya chuma chambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake, kuyambira ndi chikho, mkazi wachikulire uja ankafuna kuti azilamulira nsomba yokha.

Ngati akale amachitira chifaniziro chake ndi chizindikiro cha kukana munthu kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chake chauzimu pofuna kudziwa chonyenga ndi dziko lapansi, ndiye Pushkin ali ndi mfundo yolakwika yomwe imamukakamiza munthu wokalambayo kuti amuthandize.

Wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Russia amalongosola bwino kugonjera kwa moyo pamaso pa kudzikonda. Nthawi iliyonse munthu wachikulire amapita kukagwadira Nsomba ya Golide ndi chosowa chochokera kwa mayi wachikulire. Zikuyimira kuti nyanja, yomwe ili chiwonetsero cha dziko lalikulu, imakhala yoopsa nthawi zonse. Pushkin iyi inasonyeza kuti kupatukana kwa moyo wangwiro kumakhala kwakukulu bwanji, pomwe nthawi iliyonse ikuzama kwambiri ndikuponyedwa kuphompho kwa chuma.

Nsomba

Mu chikhalidwe cha Vedic, nsomba imamupatsa Mulungu. Zili zochepa mu ntchito ya Pushkin. Ngati mukuganiza za zomwe "Nthano ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" imaphunzitsa, mayankhowo adzawonekeratu: chigoba chonyenga sichikhoza kumupatsa munthu chimwemwe. Kuti achite izi, iye safuna zopindulitsa zakuthupi, koma mgwirizano wa moyo ndi Mulungu, womwe umadziwonetsera mu mpumulo wotsitsimutsa ndi chimwemwe kuchokera pakukhala.

Katatu ndi nsomba kwa mwamuna wachikulire kuti akwaniritse zilakolako zadyera, koma, monga momwemo, wamatsenga wanyanja sangathe kudzaza chipolopolo chonyenga.

Kulimbana pakati pa mfundo za uzimu ndi zamakhalidwe abwino

Mabuku ochuluka a filosofi, achipembedzo, zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo alembedwa za nkhondoyi. Zoyambira zonse - moyo wangwiro (nkhani ya munthu wokalamba wa Pushkin) ndi egoism (mkazi wakale) akulimbana. Wolemba ndakatuloyu anawonetsa bwino zomwe zimabweretsa kumvera ndi kukhumba zokhumba zadyera.

Mtetezi wake sanayese kukana mkazi wokalambayo, ndipo nthawi iliyonse ankagonjera nsomba kuti akaweramire ndi zofuna zatsopano kuchokera kwa iye. Aleksandro Sergeyevich anasonyezeratu chomwe chidziwitso ichi chimayambitsa kudzikonda kwake, ndi momwe zosowa zake zonyenga, zosakhutira zimathera.

Lero mawu oti "kukhala ndi bowo losweka" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zili tsiku ndi tsiku, pamene anthu amakamba za umbombo waumunthu.

Mu filosofi, tanthauzo lake ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Osati phindu lazinthu kumapangitsa anthu kukhala osangalala. Makhalidwe a mkazi wakale amalankhula za izi. Ndiyo yokha yomwe inakhala mbuye wolemekezeka mzati, popeza adafuna kukhala mfumukazi, ndiyeno. Sizinapangitse chisangalalo ndi kukhutira ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a mphamvu ndi chuma.

Izi ndi zomwe "Nkhani ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba" imaphunzitsa: kukumbukira moyo kuti ndizofunikira, ndipo zinthu zakuthupi ndizochiwiri komanso zonyenga. Lero munthu akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu, ndipo mawa adzakhala wopemphapempha komanso wosadziwika, ngati mayi wachikulire pachitchi choipa.

Kotero nthano za ana za wolemba ndakatulo wa Chirasha zimapereka zakuya kwa mikangano yosatha pakati pa ego ndi moyo, zomwe anthu amadziwa kale kwambiri.