Zomwe mafuta ndi bwino - 5W30 kapena 5W40 (yozizira)? The mafuta abwino kwa dzinja

Anawonjezera kutentha osiyanasiyana 5W30 ndi 5W40 mafuta wapanga iwo otchuka pakati eni Russian galimoto. Chifukwa chiyani? ubwino zimene apeza kuchokera injini ichi, chimene mafuta bwino: 5W30 kapena 5W40 m'nyengo yozizira?

Kupanga kapena theka-synthetics

Panopa, pali chizolowezi kusamukira ku patsogolo kwambiri kukhuthala osiyanasiyana. Njira zofunika kwambiri umenewu, akatswiri anapanga kukhazikitsidwa kwa synthetics, kuwonjezera zigawo zonse kukhala zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, kampani "Mobil" ndiye woyamba opangidwa lubricant kupanga pa msika, ntchito na experimenting zoposa zaka makumi atatu. A nambala yaikulu mpikisano latsopano ndi sindikugona, muziganizira ndalama yaikulu ndalama kuti akonze mankhwala atsopano ndi zina zozama. Koma kutukula kubala kupanga apadera kwambiri kuganizira Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa injini dizilo heavy-ntchito, apo si kokwanira.

Kuwonjezera "Pyatorochka" - synthetics, pali ofanana theka-synthetics. Bwanji ntchito? Kumene mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mchere, kuwonjezera apo thickeners, chigawo kupanga chili ndi amakono zina - ndipo inu muyezo ndithu theka-kupanga mafuta injini m'nyengo yozizira mwachitsanzo. Komabe, tidziwa kuti mfundo zake Mulimonsemo kukhala poyerekeza ndi synthetics. Ndipotu mafuta ofotokoza imathandiza kwambiri pokhazikitsa maziko physico-mankhwala.

Ena kufanizira inachokera ku mafuta. njira iliyonse imene wosazindikira njira mu otsika octeni mafuta 80 Chinawonjezeka kupeza kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera AI-98. Koma, popeza ntchito mafuta ngati, injini Pakufunika kukonza posachedwa: osachepera ayenera nadzatsuka ndi injector ndi kutibwezera mphamvu pulagi. Ndi momveka bwino kuti zonse kunachitika apamwamba mafuta adzakhala zimapezeka kokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zoyenera.

kukhuthala

Mkhalidwe umenewu ndi wofunika kwa madzimadzi lubricating. chizindikiro ichi amasonyeza Kuchepetsa ntchito kutentha mafuta. Choncho, mtundu wa mafuta bwino: 5W30 kapena 5W40 (yozizira kapena nthawi yotentha), amaonekera ndi chizindikiro ichi. Ngati index ndi otsika, ndi lubricant sayenera viscous kwambiri kuti achite ozizira chiyambi sitata galimoto ndi kutulutsa kuti mpope. Pamene mode mkulu-mafuta, mosiyana, sayenera kukhuthala wamng'ono kuti athe kuonetsetsa zonse ankafunila mlingo kuthamanga mu dongosolo ndi kupanga filimu kuti amateteza mikangano mozungulira mbali.

Choncho, malinga ndi mafuta kukhuthala ogaŵikana:

• Zima. Ndi kukhuthala otsika injini akuyamba mosavuta, koma lubricant sizigwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha.

• Chilimwe. Ozizira chiyambi ndi mabvuto pa kutentha m'munsimu madigiri ziro, koma pa kukhuthala kuthambo molondola ndi zonse afewetsedwa galimoto mu nyengo yofunda ndi kutentha.

• nyengo zonse. Pamene nyengo yozizira, mafuta ikusonyeza khalidwe la chisanu kondomu, ndipo pamene ali otentha - chilimwe.

Vsesezonki akukhala chofala kwambiri, chimakankhira woyamba mitundu iwiri, chifukwa tsopano akusowa m'pofunika kusintha mafuta nthawi iliyonse pamene inu kusintha nthawi ya chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo amasonyeza kuti aluso ndi mphamvu yopulumutsa. Chitsanzo cha amenewa kondomu mafuta ndi 5W40 (kupanga).

zina

Kumene, mafuta ndi makhalidwe ena ofunika: detergents, odana avale, odana ndi dzimbiri ndi odana ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni (zina kutumikira ichi). Komabe, kukhuthala ndi imodzi mwa mfundo olemekezeka. kuwonjezapo zambiri zamakono kuonjezera mtengo. Choncho, nthawi zonse muyenera kulabadira chizindikiro ichi ndi kusankha akadakwanitsira bwino katundu wa lubricant ndi zinthu opaleshoni tsogolo la injini.

Malangizo zazikulu zimene ayenera kutsogolera kusankha ndi zofunikira za wopanga galimoto. Iwo zalembedwa mu Buku malangizo. Kawirikawiri, iwo sikuti ali ndi mfundo za katundu yeniyeni kuti akhale chibadidwe madzimadzi ntchito lubricating, koma lilinso mtundu mafuta yeniyeni ndi ayamikira ntchito chizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri mu Buku "Nkhono" mafuta (5W40, 5W30 kapena mtundu wina). Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati galimoto yanu ili kutali ndi kukhala watsopano, ndi zokhudza ntchito zake ndi pang'ono, ndiye inu ndinu mfulu kwathunthu kusankha mtundu kwa injini kapena HIV.

Standard SAE 1999

ali m'makalata chachinsinsi SAE chiyani? Kuchokera English chidule likumasuliridwa kuti "Society of Automotive Akatswiri» (Society of galimoto Akatswiri). Ndi lamulo mayiko, zomwe zogwirizana ndi kukhuthala lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1999 malamulo a muyezo ali motere.

Malinga ndi kukhuthala kinematic mafuta ndiyo lolingana nyengo yeniyeni. Iwo masamu imathamanga otsika madigiri mazana makumi awiri mpaka limodzi ndi pa zana madigiri.

katundu kuyambira ali kudzera mwa kukana pamene kuyambitsa injini ozizira ndi kuthekera kupeza kasinthasintha. Malinga ndi kukhuthala ndi kalasi anatsimikiza pa kutentha kwa khumi digiri makumi asanu Celsius ndi mkulu kukameta ubweya mitengo (105c-1), i.e. zinthu amaonedwa ntchito mayendedwe a crankshaft pa ozizira chiyambi.

Pumpability Mzimuyo liwiro kupita kwa lubricant ku mbali mikangano pa ozizira chiyambi, komanso ngozi angathe kulephera galimoto pa ozizira chiyambi cranking liners chifukwa. Chizindikiro mankhwala pa otsika kutentha ndi madigiri kwa khumi ndi makumi anayi ndi pa mlingo wochepa kukameta ubweya (10s-1). M'mikhalidwe awa, lubricant akuyenda ku sump kuti machubu suction pamene kuyambitsa injini ozizira.

The kukhuthala pa kutentha imasonyeza chizindikiro chenicheni cha ntchito pa nyengo ofunda injini heavy-ntchito. Choncho, zooneka antiwear makhalidwe, zomvetsa chifukwa mikangano ndi yaikulu Mwachangu engine. Iwo chili pa ziwawa kukameta ubweya (106c-1). M'mikhalidwe awa, mayendedwe crankshaft ntchito pansi kutentha ndi katundu.

Gawo SAE

Kuti mfundo SAE, ndiyo makhalidwe a mafuta zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Panopa, pali asanu ndi chisanu ndi makalasi asanu chilimwe. Zima amadziwikanso ndi kukhalapo kwa kalata W ( «yozizira», amene anawamasulira kuti English amatanthauza "yozizira"). The apamwamba a kukhuthala, ndi apamwamba a index chiwerengero.

Zima kukhuthala amaimira 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W. 25W.

Chilimwe - 20, 30, 40, 50.

Taganizirani Mwachitsanzo mafuta 5W40.

makhalidwe ake ali motere. Maphunziro - kukhuthala 5W. Monga amadziwika, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyengo yozizira, ndiko kuti, ndi kwa chithunzi ichi zimadalira m'mene zosavuta kuti kukhota kukwera galimoto mu kuzizira. Kotero, kumvetsa zimene mtundu wa mafuta kudzaza yozizira, muyenera tcheru pa chizindikiro ichi.

chiwerengero "40" amatsegula yotentha opareshoni, mwachitsanzo kuthekera ntchito injini pa kutentha.

Ngati, monga mwa chitsanzo, pali chizindikiro ndi limodzi, ndi makalasi ena (ie galimoto mafuta 5W40, ndi 5W30), imakamba zonse nyengo chikhalidwe cha ntchito zake.

Kodi kusankha kalasi yozizira

Kusankha kukhuthala, makamaka motsogozedwa ndi malangizo a wopanga galimoto. Ngati iwo sali pano, kutsatira malangizo onse.

Posankha mafuta abwino kwa dzinja, muyenera kuganizira mavuto amene adzakhale ntchito ndi galimoto.

Ndiye mavuto ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yozizira ndi zotsatira zoipa kwa galimoto ya (monga avale mofulumira ndi jamming pa oyambitsa kuti angagwe mu zikhalidwe za mafuta njala) zikhoza kupewedwa, kaya, 5W30 kapena 5W40 m'nyengo yozizira inu kuwatsuka. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti pamene injini anayamba ngakhale zimachokeradi pa chisanu kwambiri ndipo pa ziro chizindikiro pa thermometer, izo zimatengera nthawi kutulutsa mafuta mpope wa dongosolo kondomu kuti madzimadzi afika ku mbali zonse chikusuntha ngalande. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, galimoto umagwirira ntchito kusowa mafuta. Choncho, mikangano ndi kuvala kwambiri kumatheka. The mafuta ambiri kusunga fluidity mu mode otsika kutentha bwino chitetezo kwa galimoto zilipo.

Kodi kusankha vsesezonku

Zima katundu anasonyeza kuchokera kumanzere ndi chilimwe - kumanja. Choncho, munthu zodabwitsa zimene mtundu wa mafuta ndi bwino - 5W30 kapena 5W40 - m'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kulabadira okha chithunzi kumanzere, ndipo mu nkhani iyi ndi chimodzimodzi.

Choncho muyenera kulabadira kusiyana mode yotentha ndi kusankha njira zoyenera malinga ndi zikhalidwe za machitidwe a galimoto.

katundu kukhuthala-kutentha

Kuyambira chithunzi ichi zimatengera kuonetsetsa kuyambira injini popanda magetsi, mafuta ufulu ikukoka mwa dongosolo ndipo, chifukwa, khola kondomu zigawo zonse kusunthira pa katundu pazipita zotheka ndi kutentha yozungulira.

Ngakhale zolimbitsa kusintha kwa nyengo kutentha yozizira ku kutentha kwambiri madigiri mpaka zana ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi. Choncho, mafuta nyengo ayenera kusinthidwa malingana ndi nyengo pa chaka. Komabe, pamene vsesezonok (imakhudzanso iwo, monga galimoto mafuta 5W40i 5W30) vuto chachotsedwa. Chifukwa cha zina ake angathe naonetsere katundu anakhumba pa kutentha osiyana. Ndiko kuti, ngati zoipa, mofanana ndi mafuta chisanu ndi pa mkulu zabwino - zaka.

zina

Zina osati kusauka kwako ndi kukhuthala pa otsika kutentha, koma kwambiri - ndi mkulu pamene kwambiri kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa MPF mamolekyulu. Mu vsesezonki (monga mafuta ndi mafuta 5W30 5W40) makhalidwe ati nthawi kotheka kusintha kukhuthala ake, komanso mwaulemu kukameta mlingo. Pamene kuchepetsa kumawonjezera liwiro, pamene kuwonjezeka - kugwa.

Ambiri katundu uyu akuwonekera pa otsika kutentha komanso pa mkulu awasungira kuti ali ubwino pa injini: otsika kukhuthala facilitates injini ozizira pa mbadwa, ndi pa mkangano - yafupika imfa mphamvu chifukwa mikangano, potero kupulumutsa mafuta.

kutentha

Khalidwe otsika kutentha chavumbulutsidwa kudzera mafuta kutsanulira mfundo ndipo wasiya loyenda pamene lubricant. chizindikiro akuyendera pamene kutentha kwa asanu - madigiri asanu pansipa kuti pa zimene fluidity kotheka.

Nthawi zambiri, gelation kumachitika chifukwa mapangidwe ndi chilled lubricant paraffins.

Zomwe mafuta bwino: 5W30 kapena 5W40 (yozizira)

Zochokera pamwamba zikuonekeratu kuti pa nyengo yozizira mitundu onse kuonetsa khalidwe limeneli. Choncho, kwa nthawi yozizira ndi wangwiro ndi limodzi, ndi mtundu wina wa lubricating madzimadzi.