Zimachititsa chilumbachi ya m'munsi malekezero a munthu

M'nkhaniyi tiona pa zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi manja m'munsi mwatsatanetsatane. Phunzirani Kapangidwe ka zigawo ndi manyumba ogona fascial kukhudza slits, mitsinje, ndi malo.

ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi a chiphunzitso cha

"Zimachititsa chilumbachi" - mawu amene anawamasulira kuchokera Greek momwe "kufotokoza alili." Makamaka chifukwa cha kafukufuku ndi ntchito ya otchuka dokotala wa zaka za m'ma 19 Nikolai Pirogov lingaliro ili watenga tanthauzo losiyana ku munda wa madera pang'onopang'ono anasamukira ku chiphunzitso cha kukula kwa thupi la munthu. chiphunzitso posachedwa anatchuka padziko lonse ndipo anatchedwa "The thunthu mtunda."

Lingaliro la zimachititsa chilumbachi kupita kuchipatala lodziwika bwino kwa aliyense wophunzira wa digiri yoyamba ndi mbiri ya mankhwalawo. Izi maphunziro chilango osati malo mbali thupi ndi ziwalo, koma mogwirizana wina ndi mnzake.

Topographic thunthu lolunjika pa kafukufuku wa mawonekedwe ndi dongosolo la magawo amene amapanga thupi, amene akhala akukonza kusintha chifukwa zosiyanasiyana pathologies. Systematizing umboni wa sayansi kukondera awo chifukwa cha zinthu si zachilendo, n'zotheka ntchito opaleshoni ndi mankhwala.

Kusiyana pakati pa mfundo za thunthu topographic ndi thunthu

Kuti ali pakati pa malingaliro a zimachititsa chilumbachi (topographic thunthu) ndi losavuta thunthu ali okwanira kusiyana kwambiri. Choyamba, pa maziko a njira chikunena za kapangidwe ka munthu. Zimachititsa chilumbachi kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira dongosolo tonse matupi kulingana ndi madera kumene ikukhudzana. Kaswili kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira kachitidwe mu chimene akachita pakati pa ziwalo: m'mapapo kapena magazi dongosolo, mwachitsanzo.

kusiyana lina lalikulu kwa thunthu ndi kuti zimachititsa chilumbachi wa Inter zina zotere, ndi chidwi kuphunzira kusintha zimakhala zosiyanasiyana ndi ziwalo amene amakhalapo chifukwa kuli kudwala ena. A chitsanzo chapadera - pa zimachititsa chilumbachi analola kudziwa mlingo wa chikoka njira zosiyanasiyana yotupa mu chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a matupi.

Choyamba, ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi monga mwambo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala opaleshoni. Kudziŵa nthambi ili la sayansi kuphunzira zimachititsa chilumbachi wa fascia ndi minofu ya miyendo m'munsi, amapereka dokotala katswiri kuti Kuganizira Malo ziwalo ndi machitidwe popanda mwachindunji zithunzi zakuthambo. Kudziŵa zimenezi zimathandiza poyerekeza ziwalo zinthu zawo ndi pathological. Tiyenera kugwirizana kuti pogwira ntchito zonse opaleshoni nzeru n'zofunika kwambiri.

Mbali anaphunzira zimachititsa chilumbachi

Zimachititsa chilumbachi anatchula amalanga ntchito, ndipo chinkhoswe mu phunziro mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la dera lililonse la thupi; amaona kuti kukhala zosiyanasiyana ndege. Komanso, phunziro ili bwinobwino zinthu zotsatirazi:

• magazi (zimachititsa chilumbachi chikukhudza zotengera za nthambi m'munsi).
• The ziyerekezo ziwalo thupi khungu, ndi malo a pokha-kwa mafupa a anthu.
• kotunga maulendo zimakhala maselo mitsempha (mitsempha zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi manja m'munsi).
• Lymph ngalande kuchokera zimakhala thupi, onse zinthu zachilendo ndipo zinthu pathological.
• Makamaka thupi la munthu. Kuphatikizapo kugonana, malamulo.

Opaleshoni zimachititsa chilumbachi salembedwa ogaŵikana madera zotsatirazi anatomical:

1. Mutu.
2. Khosi.
3. Torso.
4. M'makona.

Zimachititsa chilumbachi wa miyendo m'munsi ndi chapamwamba

Limodzi mwa madera a sayansi ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi a minofu m'munsi nthambi. Payokha olekanitsidwa mtunda wa chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malekezero mtunda anthu.

Human mafupa akuthandiza nthambi chikuphatikizapo mafupa m'chiuno ndi gawo ufulu wa nthambi. Iye, nayenso tichipeza awiri femoral, patellar, mafupa a phazi ndi mwendo m'munsi. Pankhaniyi, m'munsi nthambi lamba m'chiuno fupa likakhazikitsidwa komanso tichipeza mafupa atatu: ischium, pubis ndi ilium. Mogwirizana ndi coccyx ndi sacrum fupa m'munsi mwa mafupa a chiuno ndi.

ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi a m'derali

Conventionally, ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi ya nthambi m'munsi zikuphatikizapo madera monga:

1. M'dera chala lagawidwa dera plantar ndi dera kumbuyo.
2. M'dera chidendene.
3. M'dera phazi: plantar ndi dorsal.
4. Shin chigawo: izi zikuphatikizapo chigawo kutsogolo kwa mwendo m'munsi, kumbuyo, malo kutsogolo bondo, ndi dera kumbuyo.
5. Bondo: zapambuyo ndi dera zapambuyo wa bondo.
6. Ntchafu: kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo m'chiuno m'deralo.
7. Gluteal dera.

Zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi manja m'munsi

Gluteal dera - imodzi mwa nkhalango ya nthambi m'munsi okha pamwamba wa iliac Crest ndipo m'munsi malire - gluteal mzere, medial-lateral ndi apakatikati mzere, zomwe zikugwirizana mbali monga chapamwamba m'chiuno fupa ndi trochanter wamkulu.

Ntchafu m'deralo. Kusiyanitsa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. M'dera la nthambi m'munsi okha kutsogolo-proximal groin ndi kumbuyo - gluteal mzere. Monga distally okha bwalo mzere, yomwe imachitika pa patella pa zala ziwiri. Akufufuta mizere vertically, pakati pa nadmyshelkom lateral ndi trochanter wamkulu pa mbali lateral; nadmyshelkom pakati medial ndi mbali medial nthambi ya m'munsi mwa fupa obisika.

The femoral makona - anapambulwa zapambuyo femoral dera, amene okha kunja mphepete mwa sartorius, mkati - adductor longus minofu, ndipo pamwamba - pa inguinal mitsempha. Nawu zimachititsa chilumbachi kwa mitsempha yaikulu ya m'makona m'munsi.

Bondo, atavalanso zoteteza, phazi, chidendene

Bondo. Wakutali kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo malo a nthambi m'munsi, amene njanjira mzere proximally zozungulira. Mwambo pamwamba patellar m'munsi 2 zala. mzere Distally-zozungulira zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa mlingo wa tuberosity wa tibia lapansi. Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo bondo m'dera akufufuta mizere vertically anakafika pamodzi ndi zapambuyo m'mphepete mwa condyles femoral.

Shin m'deralo. Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo - wozungulira proximally okha ndi mulingo wolimba ndi tibia distally-zozungulira mzere amene amayendetsa pafupi m'munsi mwa akakolo. Kulekanitsidwa ndi m'mphepete medial wa tibia (mkati) ndipo pamodzi poyambira, umene umawalekanitsa soleus minofu fibula - laterally.

N'chiyaninso china m'gulu la zimachititsa chilumbachi wa malekezero a m'munsi?

Kumwendo - dera, amene njanjira ndi mzere zozungulira pa mlingo wa akakolo - proximally; mlingo wa nsonga za mapazi anu - distally. Conventionally, dera lino lagawidwa m'magawo awa: lateral ndi medial; kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Field phazi, kuphatikizapo kumbuyo ndi plantar dera. Region, mzere malire pa nsonga msinkhu ndi akakolo yaing'ono tibia - proximally ndi distally - zapansi zala. Kulekanitsidwa ndi mzere pakati pa fupa chidendene kufika pakati pa metatarsal mutu - m'mphepete lateral ndi mzere ochilumikiza likulu la fupa chidendene m'mphepete medial wa pakati pa metatarsal mutu.

M'dera chidendene. Region, amene analekanitsidwa stremyaobraznoy mzere umodzi kuchokera chapamwamba amasiya malire.

Fascial kama wa nthambi m'munsi

zikuphatikizapo:

1. m'dera ntchafu ali conventionally ogaŵikana akulera, kutsogolo ndi medial fascial bedi.
2. The atavalanso zoteteza: kutsogolo, kumbuyo ndi lateral bedi.
3. M'dera phazi: ndi apakatikati akuya medial ndi lateral bedi.

Fascia ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi manja m'munsi

Front ntchafu fascial bedi mphanga kumva mafupa fibrous chikhalidwe. Ili pa ntchafu m'dera kutsogolo ndi okha ndi kutsogolo lata fascia; medial ndi lateral intermuscular septum ndi wosiyana laterally; periosteum wa femur wa - kumbuyo. Pamafunikanso quadriceps.

Medial ntchafu fascial bedi ndi bedi kuti okha kwa medial fascia lata, kumbali kumbuyo - kumbuyo kwa septum intermuscular, kutsogolo kwa malire ake medial akulu kugawa. Pamafunikanso magulu a minofu m'munsi malekezero. zimachititsa chilumbachi ntchito ndi wapadera.

Kumbuyo bedi m'chiuno - m'chiuno kumbuyo bedi mafupa fibrous chikhalidwe. Kumbuyo zochepa fascia lata, mbali ndi kutsogolo kwake ndi wosiyana kumbuyo khoma ndi minofu lateral, periosteum Femur. Pamafunikanso gulu la minofu kumbuyo.

Front bedi atavalanso zoteteza - fupa ndipo ali ndi khalidwe fibrous. Limited kutsogolo fascia Shin, periosteum wa tibia medial ndi zapambuyo intermuscular septum lateral tibia. Kuseri zochepa periosteum fibula ndi Kakhungu interosseous. Mu tibia kutsogolo fascial bedi lili tibialis zapambuyo mtsempha ndi mtsempha wamagazi, mitsempha peroneal, m'munsi mwendo minofu, amene ali ku zimachititsa chilumbachi kwa mitsempha m'munsi malekezero.

Ofananira fascial bedi otchedwa bedi kuti ali osteo-fibrous m'chilengedwe. Njanjira medially fascia tibia periosteum fibula kukuchepetsa lateral, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo - ankalemekeza kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo intermuscular septum. Pamafunikanso minofu peroneal (lalifupi ndi lalitali) ndi mitsempha (zachiphamaso peroneal).

Kumbuyo bedi tibia - atavalanso zoteteza fascia kukuchepetsa kumbuyo tibia fascial bedi mbali ndi kumbuyo; interosseous Kakhungu, ndi periosteum tibia, zapambuyo tibia akulu kugawa - Front. Pamafunikanso mitsempha tibial, ndi zapambuyo tibial mtsempha ndi mtsempha wamagazi, womwe ndi mtsinje fibula ndi tibia kumbuyo gulu minofu. Izi zimachititsa chilumbachi wa malekezero a m'munsi.

zidendene bedi

Medial fascial bedi zidendene ndi bedi kuti ndi wosiyana pakati pa khoma medial minofu. Yodziwika ndi flexor digitorum brevis minofu, lomwe nthawi tendon wa flexor yaitali.

Midline fascial bedi zidendene otchedwa bedi kuti ili mu malo pakati pa plantar fascia ndi interosseous plantar aponeurosis. Mbaliyi flexor tendon wonse, minofu yekha (lalikulu).

Ofananira fascial yekha bedi ndi bedi, zomwe okha ndi chiyerekezo lateral akulu khoma lili flexor minofu anasiyanitsa chala chachisanu, ndi minofu abductor. Komanso, ngakhale amatanthauza zimachititsa chilumbachi a minofu ya nthambi m'munsi?

Nato fascial mphanga zidendene - kuchokera bedi pafupifupi okha lateral akulu khoma. M'zozama fascial mphanga yekha lili abductor minofu anasiyanitsa chala chachisanu ndi flexor.

Nato fascial mphanga zidendene - lili ndi minofu interosseous, ndipo lili pansi pa fascia kwambiri.

Njira ming'alu ndi danga selo

Taganizirani dera miyendo m'munsi ndipo iwo ali mipata ma, mitsinje ndi mipata:

1. Gluteal dera zikuphatikizapo podyagodichnoe ndi mezhyagodichnoy danga.
2. The ntchafu m'dera kutsogolo ndi conventionally ogaŵikana zachiphamaso musculo-fascial wakuya intermuscular ndi danga okolokostnoe. Mu malo okolokostnom anayikidwa: mipata mtima ndi akulu; obturator, femoral ndi kutsogolera ngalande.
3. Popliteal fossa.
4. Ngalande: goleno-popliteal, musculo-peroneal, malleolar.
5. Ma malo - kumbuyo podfastsialnoe.
6. Ma malo zidendene - zachiphamaso komanso chozama.

Pomaliza

Pamaso thunthu topographic kapena zambiri mwachidule, zimachititsa chilumbachi wa malekezero a m'munsi akukumana angapo ntchito zofunika. Zikuphatikizapo, poyamba pa zonse, ikulongosola yeniyeni malo ziwalo anthu. Komanso, monga tanenera kale, zimachititsa chilumbachi limafotokoza boma, osati boma awo achibadwa ndiponso koyenera komanso boma matenda kapena chikhalidwe pambuyo akudwala kudwala. Zotsatira za maphunziro a zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi topographic thunthu zimapanga maziko chidziwitso waukulu ndi ntchito mwakhama matenda a matenda, koma ambiri Chofunika - m'munda wa opaleshoni.