Zaphindu ziwembu ndi nyumba

zinthu chonyamulira kupanga nyumba lovuta dongosolo. Njirayi imatchedwa pachimake. dongosolo ayenera kukhala mphamvu zokwanira kupereka ooneka enieni bata ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi ndiponso nyumba. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuteteza zinthu tinapangidwa kuteteza nyumba kuchokera mumlengalenga ndi zina physicochemical zotsatira zoipa. Ayeneranso ndi lamayimbidwe okwanira ndi matenthedwe makhalidwe kutchinjiriza. Ndi mtundu wa ziwembu kapangidwe chonyamulira pakati anawagawira nyumba. Kenako m'nkhani tikambirana iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

ndi machitidwe structural nyumba chiyani?

Kumangidwa Mwina amapanga zinthu chonyamulira. Kulankhula mu nkhani iyi ndi nyumba frameless.

Pali mtundu wina wa maofesi. Iwo onse anali ndi katundu pa dongosolo la mizati (zipilala). Chuluchi - nyumba chimango - mulinso zinthu yopingasa. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka ayenera wachinsinsi monga matabwa, girders.

Pali mafupa zonse ndi tsankho la nyumba. The structural chithunzi cha nkhani woyamba kumapereka lingaliro anthu ofukula ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa mpanda kunja ndi mkati kukonza. Ngati chachiwiri, kapangidwe ka masiku kubala mpanda kunja ndi mafupa m'mimba. ndime wake m'malo mwa mpanda waukulu mkati.

machenjerero awa kapangidwe ntchito mu nyumba popanda akatundu kwambiri zazikulu. Mafupa ndi yopingasa ndi kotenga - akunja mkati - makoma kubala amakhala ngati mabokosi amene stiffness okhudza malo anaonetsetsa matabwa ndi zinthu choimirira. Iwo amapanga khola ofukula ndi yopingasa kabowo. The chinthu chimodzimodzi a mitima ya zimadalira m'mene yodalirika kugwirizana pakati pa Pansi ndi makoma a mphamvu zawo.

Chimango nyumba: Gawo

Pali kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa ntchito. Kandalama nyumba dera angakhale monga matabwa ndi zipilala chikugwirizana okhwima mafupa. Iwo kupanga kotenga ndi yopingasa mafelemu. Choncho, mafelemu zimenezi zimatchedwa ndi ukonde.

Mfundo kutenga akatundu onse yopingasa ndi choimirira. Mafelemu angakhale Svjaseva. Mosiyana ndi mitima yapita ngati mfundo ndi stiffness m'munsi. Choncho zofunika monga limasonyeza zina kukhazikitsidwa kwa katundu yopingasa. Pamene iwo ayima, monga kulamulira, alipo, kupanga zakulera. Iwo kupatsira katundu yopingasa pa migodi chikepe, analimbitsa makoma konkire, makoma mu stairwells ndi zina zotero. Komanso mchitidwe zomangamanga ntchito ndi ophatikizana mafelemu mtundu - chimango-Svjaseva. Komabe, njirayi ndi sikawirikawiri monga ena. Pankhaniyi, mbali imodzi kuika chimango, ndi zina - kulankhulana.

Features wa pomanga

Ndithu otchuka kapangidwe machenjerero a nyumba yapachiweniweni ndi Svjaseva mafupa. Ngati mfundo yomanga analimbitsa konkire ndi zitsulo mutuluka. The otsika-nyamuka nyumba kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito njerwa kapena mtengo. Lero ndi erection wamba zinthu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Pankhaniyi, kumanga chimango aumbike kwa bokosi-ninga bziwalo ndi zoduliratu. Amalemba luso lonse ntchito pomanga mkulu-nyamuka nyumba yaikulu anthu ndi zogona.

nyumba Single-storey

The structural chiwembu cha nyumba mafakitale mtundu uwu monga zitsulo kapena mizati konkire. Iwo, pamodzi ndi zinthu thandizo kupanga yopingasa. Komanso, agwiritsidwa onse a zigawo kotenga zomera. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga zinthu monga Crane, strapping ndi mafelemu yopingasa, podstropilnye munda, komanso zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana. Recent Ufumuyo ngati zigawo zosiyana, ndi chimango chonse cha okhudza malo bata lonse ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi.

Pakati pa mizati chikuyambika mtunda wina. Iwo akutchedwa sitepe mu njira kotenga ndi chikhato - mu mtanda. Kutalika kwa mitunda izi kawirikawiri wotchedwa gululi wa mizati. Prefab nyumba storey ndi zofala pomanga ulimi ndi mafakitale.

zomangamanga amenewa zigwirizana ndi zitsulo kapena analimbitsa simenti mafupa ndi ❖ kuyanika ndi mpanda. Phata zikuphatikizapo zinthu ofukula - mizati ndi yopingasa - girders, matabwa, girders.

The zigawo zikuluzikulu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri kutumikira kwa atagona slabs kuphimba ndi nyumba denga. Komanso pa matabwa ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso wokwera aeration ndi skylights, ngati n'koyenera. Mafupa adzatenge onse katundu kunja kwa kulemera kwa ❖ kuyanika ndi nyumba yake, akukumana yopingasa ndi ofukula Crane, komanso kuthamanga mphepo akuchita pa khoma. Pakuti nyumba kuigwiritsa ntchito pa ulimi, monga ulamuliro, zinthu konkire. The nyumba mafakitale ndi utali wa mamita 30 kapena kuposa msana chikuphatikizidwa: zitsulo truss ndi mizati - analimbitsa simenti.

nyumba Mipikisano storey zolinga yopanga

nyumba amenewa ndi ambiri chida kupanga, mankhwala, chakudya, magetsi ndi mafakitale ofanana. nyumba pachimake zikuphatikizapo matabwa ndi mizati. Iwo kupanga chimango zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo ndi mfundo okhwima.

Zinthu zimene tatchulazi anakonza kudutsa kukonza. Mu kotenga malangizo chinthu chimodzimodzi nyumba operekedwa ndi kugwirizana ndi zitsulo. Iwo anaika mu mizere onse mizati pakati pa zigawo ikuthandizira. Chiwerengero cha utali siyana kuchokera 1 mpaka 3-4, ndi zina zambiri. miyeso yawo ndi 12, 9 ndi 6 m.

Mtanda matabwa alipo malo apansi chapamwamba, m'lifupi lomwe 18 ndi 12 m. Komanso, chifukwa zolinga zimenezi, munda ndi mbale chophimba ofanana mu nyumba limodzi-nkhani. Kutalika kwa mbewu akhoza kukhala 3.6-7.2 mamita ndi panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira iliyonse mamita 0,6.

Mipikisano storey cholinga nyumba nyumba

zomangamanga awa akhoza kukhala a mitundu itatu: chonyamulira njerwa makoma, chimango ndi gulu frameless. Last analandira yogawa wapadera. Utali mu mafupa a nyumba ndi kukula 5.6 ndi 6 mamita mtunda (phula) pamodzi ndi maofesi mizati - .. 3.2 ndi 3.6 mamita kutalika pansi waikidwa, malingana ndi cholinga cha zomangamanga. Pakuti nyumba zogona ndi ogona - 2.8 m.