Woweruza - ndi adamfunsa malonda

Ndi angati a ife tamva mawu "Woweruza", ndipo ngati adamva, zingathe kufotokozedwa, kodi iye akuchita chiyani? Nthawiyi, mmodzi wa ngwazi za buku AI Kuprin "Dzenje" anali wotsimikiza kuti akhoza kupanga miliyoni ochita yekha monga Woweruza wa. Kodi si chifukwa kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza munda wa ntchito loya, chifukwa lero mautumiki awo ndi chimodzimodzi mu ankafuna kuposa masiku a Kuprin.

loya ndi ndani?

Izi ndi loya okhazikika mu malamulo a mayikowo Choncho, sayansi la chilamulo yapachiweniweni ambiri amati malamulo a mayikowo. Mawu "Woweruza" mu Latin, choncho chiyambi chake ayenera anafuna mu malamulo choperekedwa ndi achilamulo Ancient Rome pa nkani katundu.

Atalandidwa mafuko Roma wakunja, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri malamulo a Roma mu Europe sizinaikidwe mpaka Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, achilamulo kamodzinso chidwi zinthu zoyambirira za malamulo a Roma yaboma, m'zaka za m'ma XIX, zinthu zake zosintha zonse kapena kuwonjezera kwa zizindikiro wachibadwidwe wa Austria, France, Germany ndi mayiko ena.

Kodi loya?

lamulo Modern yapachiweniweni amaphunzira chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha malamulo a mayikowo, zili, mphamvu ya udindo wawo malamulo ndi anthu. Choncho, malamulo a mayikowo chimakhudzana ndi ambiri a sayansi ndi chikhalidwe: history, sayansi ndale, zachuma, Chaanthu ndi zina zotero.

nkhani zovuta za kulandidwa ufulu makolo, kapena kusamala, m'ndende, kuchititsa maukwati, vuto la cholowa gawo kapena katundu olowa - onse amachita izi loya. Izi, ndithudi, si malo okha za ntchito zake.

Masiku ano zofunika kwambiri Mwachitsanzo, mwalamulo la malonda padziko lonse, monganso chinkhoswe maloya jurists. Mwachidule, ndi loya - ndi kothandiza ndiponso yapamwamba ntchito lero.

Jurists wa zakumbuyo ndi zam'tsogolo

Monga taonera kale, chidwi alikukonzeka watsopano malamulo a Aroma zinachititsa kuti mupezeke zina za madalitso ake mu zizindikiro wachibadwidwe wa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ku Ulaya, yomwe inkafuna kwambiri kufufuza waukuluwo. Ichi chidachitika ndi jurists ambiri otchuka, kuphatikizapo Russian.

Mmodzi wa iwo anali Nikolai Mikhailovich Korkunoff, amene anamaliza maphunziro ku lamulo mkhalidwe wa St. Petersburg University mu 1874. Mpaka pano, njira yake "General Chiphunzitsochi Chilamulo" ndi kuphunzira mabuku ambiri mwa Buku la chilamulo.

Olympic S. Joffe anali kuyang'anira mmodzi wa mabungwe a chilamulo mphamvu ya University Leningrad. Iye ndi amene analemba mabuku oposa 60 ndipo monographs pa malamulo a mayikowo, komanso mbiri ya malamulo a mayikowo. Ntchito ya Professor Ioffe O. S. m'zinenero 9. Kuchokera mu 1981, kuphunzira pa Harvard ndi University of Connecticut.

Chidwi malamulo a mayikowo pa nthawi ino, monga m'mbuyomu, ndi apamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa ntchito ya jurists yapamwamba ndi otchuka.