Chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe. Kuyambira Hippocrates kuti Pavlova

Kulankhula za chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe, kuyamba ndi kumvetsa mawu. Temperamentum (latini.) - yachibadwa chiŵerengero angapo makhalidwe maganizo kapena ya zinthu payekha munthu kugwirizana ndi khalidwe wodalirika katundu khalidwe. N'zimenenso ntchito apamwamba mantha a chamoyo.

Pankhani imeneyi pali maphunziro angapo a olemba osiyana, koma onsewa ali mu njira zokhudza kapena potengera chiphunzitso makhalidwe mwakuchita Hippocrates. Iye ananena kuti ndi "humoral" (ku Latin "humors." - madzi). Gippokrat zogwirizana katundu makhalidwe madzimadzi kwachilengedwenso ofala mu thupi:

• ya ndulu (holo): kukwiya mumangidwa kuphulika, lokhala wosasangalala zimasinthasintha - ndi choleric;
• ntchofu (phlegm): bata, phlegmatic, kuwapatsa mosavuta kusinthana tcheru - izi ndi phlegmatic;
• magazi (Sangvis): zosavuta kuti anakumana ndi mavuto, wosangalala, sociable - ndi sanguine;
• wakuda ya ndulu (choko holo): manyazi, sachedwa chisoni, zosungika, tcheru zosasangalatsa - ndi melancholic.

American ndi European view a sayansi

Similar ziphunzitso makhalidwe anakhazikitsa German E. Kretschmer ndi W. Sheldon American. Ndi Kretschmer (chiphunzitso oyendetsera dziko), chikhalidwe ndi chizolowezi matenda m'bongo mwa anthu kugwirizana ndi Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu:

• Leptosomatik (Chimaona) - shizotemichesky mtundu. Sachedwa kusintha mofulumira mtima, anatseka ndi wamakani.
• Akayende (wakuda) - tsiklotemichesky mtundu (cyclothem - wosangalala monyanyira kuvutika matenda). N'zosavuta funsani, realist, sachedwa alili maganizo.
• Othamanga (othamanga) - iksotemichesky mtundu (iksotemiya - khunyu). Chete, palibe kusiyana maganizo kusintha.
• Displastik (malformed) - obwerawa mtundu makhalidwe.

W. Sheldon kuzindikiridwa atatu mitundu ya makhalidwe , malingana ndi kapangidwe ka thupi:

• tserebrotonik: Kretschmer pa leptosomatik ichi ndi Hippocrates - melancholic;
• somatotonik: moyenera, othamanga, choleric;
• vistserotonik: masanje ndi sanguine.

Chiphunzitsochi osachepera, ndipo anali wotchuka pakati pa akatswiri mu munda, koma mu ubale tsogolo pakati pa Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi maganizo matenda ankaona kuti unproven.

Pafupi ku chenicheni

ziphunzitso zonse za makhalidwe mu maganizo, ndi lolondola okwanira mu matanthauzo, koma akhoza kukhala ndi mbalume mtheradi. Basi chifukwa pamoyo sizingasakanikirane mitundu zolakwika mfundo yovomerezeka.

Soviet view

AI Pavlov mu phunziro mitundu mantha dongosolo amaipidwa ndi chakuti malemeredwe ndi chopinga njira zake zimachitika aliyense sewero munthu aliyense payekha. Malinga liwiro lawo, iye anayizindikira mitundu inayi:

• Sayenda: mumangidwa amphamvu (Hippocrates - choleric);
• ofooka: akamakonda (melancholic);
• Amachepetsa: anafooka (phlegmatic);
• ponseponse: amphamvu, akamakonda (sanguine).

Monga mukuonera, chiphunzitso zonse zoyambirira za makhalidwe mwanjira intersect ndi maganizo Hippocratic. Mfundo yaikulu ndi chimodzi, basi osiyana maina. Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti moyo weniweni sizikugwirizana mu chiphunzitso iliyonse ya makhalidwe ndi zana pa zana. Mukhonza kulankhula za ukufanana ndi.