Wovina ndipo choreographer Marta Grem: MBIRI. Sukulu ndi Marty Grem kuvina njira

Mu insaiklopidia iliyonse ya makono katswiri wovina dzina Marty Grem adzayima mu malo a ulemu. Iwo angatchedwe woukira boma ndi wowonongayo a maziko. Graham Dance School komanso luso lake inakhala maziko a masiku ano ndi choreography potengera chitukuko cha kuvina mu dziko.

kuyambira pa msewu

May 11, 1894 m'tauni yaing'ono American anabadwa Marta Grem. Ngakhale chilengedwe kapena banja, kapena nthawi, izo zinkawoneka, kodi si kulosera tsogolo la mtsikana chachikulu ichi, koma tsoka analamula ayi. banja Graham anali anachokera ku atsamunda yoyamba America amene anachokera Scotland. tsogolo wovina bambo anali maganizo, makolo ankati Presbyterianism ndipo anali ndi maganizo ndiwofatsa pa moyo. banja anali olemera ndithu, Martha pang'ono anali atazunguliridwa ndi wantchito Catholic ndi atumiki m'nyumba ntchito Chichaina, ndi Chijapani. Choncho, mtsikana ali mwana akhoza timudziwe bwino zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Koma kuvina m'banja ankaziona ngati wonyozeka ndi ochimwa. Choncho, March kwa nthawi yoyamba anakumana ndi luso choreography kwa zaka 20. Iye anali kupita ku nkhani yotchuka ndi Ruth St. Denis, lomwe linasintha dziko la akazi. Pamafunika kusankha okhazikika kulowa mawu a Sukulu, ndipo kenako anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku sukulu wotchuka Denishoun amene zochita lokha Saint-Denis, pamodzi ndi choreographer kwambiri Ted Shawn. Patapita zaka zochepa kuti adzatengedwa kupita ku kampaniyo "Denishoun" ndipo Bakuman mu zisudzo ake pa siteji chachikulu.

Dance wa nyengo zamunthawi ya Victoria

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma panali azilandira maganizo a anthu ena mfundo yakuti kuvina - si zinazake kwambiri. Iye anali gawo la ziwonetsero zosangalatsa: vaudeville, cabaret. Mu US, chakale kuvina pa nthawi sanalandire kufalikira kwambiri, apo chinapangidwa sukulu dziko. Inalinso ambiri olakwika za kuvina. Amuna anawalamula zomveka bwino achindunji lumpha kayendedwe, akazi analinso kukhala nacho mizere yosalala. Zofooka anawonjezera kuvina zithunzi, ankakonda ali chakale, antic nkhani. Anakakamizika kugwiritsa ntchito lyric ndi zofewa kapangidwe pulasitiki.

kumvetsa mwayi

Marta Grem choreography anabwera mochedwa, ngakhale mfundo za nthawi - mu zaka 20, kotero kuvina chakale iye anali ndi nthawi yovuta, koma iye anatero, ndipo sanafune. Pakampaniyo "Denishoun" anali adamfunsa lyricism lake, amene sanali ankaikira ake. Ted Shawn - anazindikira ngati bambo a dansi American - anaona Graham mphamvu yapadera ndi mphamvu, wachikoka ake komanso khalidwe mokhudza chiyani Xochitl naonekera kwa iye. Izo zikhoza kuonekera kalembedwe makamaka Marita, "ndi ferocity wa wakuda Panther" ndi kukongola kwake. Iye kutifotokozera anakonda luso Nouveau, chimene chinali nyimbo ndi ukalamba okha, komanso maganizo ake ndi chikhalidwe. Kuyambira ndili mwana, March ndimakhoza kumva mkangano bambo ake kuti magalimoto adutse pa mkati, boma maganizo. lingaliro Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha luso yake.

Kupita malire a zotheka

mwayi Search pulasitiki wakhala makhalidwe a nthawi yotero mu njira iyi ndi Martha Graham njira imene inali yojambula mu kuvina ano. Mbidzi kuthetsa khalidwe lochitira nkhanza akazi ndipo adzavina kupereka akazi ufulu wonena maganizo mothandizidwa ndi lakuthwa, kayendedwe losongoka. Graham ankafuna kuti akonze njira zimene zingakuthandizeni ovina kukhala quasi-ofunda, embodying kutengeka ndi lingaliro. Iye anafuna kuti malangizo ndi mkulu wa ndende ovina, pamene anatha wosalira zambiri za zachikhalidwe mwambo mapulasitiki kwa kumvetsa kosavuta kwa lingaliro la omvera ndi ovina anapereka mipata yambiri kufotokoza maganizo. Kuganizila ndi zinthu kulenga Graham kumvetsa kuti kuvina zachokera zifukwa zitatu: nthawi, mphamvu ndi danga. The mphamvu kugwirizana ndi maganizo amene amayambitsa gululi, anali malo koyamba luso lake. Maphunziro m'kalasi Martha anayamba ndi unyolo kayendedwe osavuta kuti zapiringizana mu nyimbo zovuta. Zida wamangidwa pa mfundo ziwiri: kontrakshn (psinjika) ndi kutulutsidwa (kutambasuka). Iye anapanga wovina kuganizira mtima ndi kumvera malamulo a plasticity anatomical. Kufunafuna kudzinenera zakukhosi kuvina abomawo Graham kulenga wapadera njira imene yofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi kupuma ndi ndende. Iye anali wokhoza kuti amvetse ndi ntchito mwayi zokongoletsa thupi la munthu. njira ake amene ali m'munsi kwa kuvina zamakono zili m'gulu mapulogalamu onse maphunziro kwa ovina akatswiri.

March ankadziwa kuti munthu amaona dziko kupyolera images, nthano, archetypes, ndipo ntchito pa chuma chawo. Marta Grem akufuna kuvala sanali chakale zithunzi kuvina. Iye anayesetsa kupereka ovina ufulu kwambiri m'lingaliro kufotokozako.

Marty Grem gululo

Mu 1926, Martha masamba "Denishoun" gululo, imene sanali amatha kuzindikira malingaliro awo. Ndipotu gululo anali mfumukazi - Saint-Denis, ndi malo Graham pali mwina. Iye amatenga kampani yake mu 1927, amene poyamba anali chachikazi, amaphatikiza wophunzira kwambiri odzipereka. March anali pafupi loteteza ufulu wa akazi maganizo, ndi zambiri kuganizira za udindo wa akazi mu chikhalidwe ndi anayesetsa kupereka izo ufulu ndi mwayi. Wakhala ngakhale zoyenera nkhani imeneyi chuma zingapo: ". Kulira" "The Mpatuko", "Border" ndi otchuka Mu chuma izi Graham ophatikizapo maganizo ake ndi anapezazo, akulodza omvera pulasitiki latsopano.

Mu 1938, a gululo limapezeka loyamba limene munthu - Erik Houkins, yemwe amachititsa kuti modernize Martha kuvina njira, ndi olemera ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe. A Patapita nthawi, gululo akubwera Merce Cunningham, amene anakhala wotchuka ngati wowonongayo a gule chikhalidwe malamulo a.

World wotchuka gululo wa Marita adamlandira pambuyo ulendo wa ku Ulaya ndi Middle East. Choreographer amalenga sukulu ina, amene pamodzi ndi kampani analandira malo enieni kutanthauzira ku New York. gulu alipo lero. Ndipo si monga chipilala kwa Graham kwambiri, koma moyo, kulenga timu. The repertoire wa gululo wateteza ambiri chuma Martha, zisudzo ake olembedwa kwa mibadwo.

Home staging

Pa moyo wake kulenga Marta Grem wapangidwa 180 zisudzo. cholowa wake kukwapula zosiyanasiyana koposa, ndi kovuta kusiyanitsa chinachake chonga chomwecho-chinthu. Koma zisudzo kwambiri noticeable Graham ndi "Kulemba dziko", "The phanga mumtima", "Clytemnestra," "Phaedra," "ndingaliro lucid, kugona," "Machitidwe wa Kuunika". zisudzo ake kudziika osati choreography zazikulu, komanso mozama zinthu zing'onozing'ono. Iye anasankha zovala, nyimbo, kutenga njira okhudza malo, nawo chilengedwe cha chilengedwe. zisudzo ake lero ndi chida chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga kwa ovina ndi choreographers.

abwenzi kwambiri

Mu mbiri ya kuvina anthu ambiri apadera koma moyo moyo dansi - pang'ono. Great wovina kwa zaka za m'ma 20, anakwanitsa kubweretsa chilakolako onse kuvina ndi mbiri yake - ndi Marta Grem. Photo ballerina kukwapula mphamvu ndi mawu, iye analoŵa tsatanetsatane chatha mu chifanizo, iye amaganiza pa choreography ndi zovala. Ndipo zambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kusankha dansi okondedwa. Iye anagwira ntchito m'nthawi zambiri (Nureyev, Pol Teylor, Mers Kanningem, Robert Wilson). mzere Special mu mbiri ake amagwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha kuvina zamakono, ndipo apa tandem Jose Limon ndi Marta Grem ndi kosatheka kuti kumbukirani. Awiriwa Albucasis, kunachitika kwambiri, kupanga zimene ooneka omvera kutali.

Impact pa kuvina dziko

Ngati pali munthu, kopambana mukopedwe chikhalidwe cha m'ma 20, ichi ndi Marta Grem. Quotes kwa mawu ake bwino zimaonetsa ndi wovina komanso maganizo ake a moyo wake. Iye anati: "Movement sanama, thupi amatumiza kutentha kwa moyo." March anapanga lingaliro la lingaliro lalikulu la kuvina, ndipo anakhala mtengo wake waukulu. Iye anali nayonso mphamvu kukhala chinenero zooneka ndi kufotokoza maganizo, yemwe anakhala njira yapadera Marty Grem. Amaona kuti kukhala tate wa kuvina masiku ano America, ndi kufunika kwake kwa chilengedwe cha dziko sukulu choreographic sitingalephere kukambapo.

Iwo osati walenga ndi gululo wapadera, komanso ankachitika zisudzo chifukwa owonetsera ambiri, komwe omvera ankatha kuona ovina kwambiri ngati Rudolf Nureyev, Margot Fonteyn, Maya Plisetskaya, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Natalia Makarova.

moyo

Marta Grem, amene yonena ndi choperekedweratu kuvina, sindinakhoze chidzakwaniritsidwa monga mkazi. Mwamuna wake anali bwenzi mu kuvina, wokongola munthu - Erik Houkins. Iwo akhalira limodzi kwa zaka 6, ndipo ogumuka anali anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Marita, koma iye anatha kupanga za izo chokuchitikirani maganizo, kumene wakhala chinkatilimbikitsa mu kuvina. Iye anasiya siteji zaka 76, wakhala za izo maganizo, koma anakwanitsa kuthetsa matenda ndi kubwerera ku ntchito ya choreographer ndi kulemba wina ballets 10. Iye anamwalira mu March mu zaka 96.