Kusiyana pakati pa amoyo ndi zopanda moyo: kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse?

Zingatanthauze kuti kusiyana kwa anthu amoyo zopanda zimene zikuoneka mwakamodzi. Komabe, zinthu sizili wosavuta. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti luso ofunika, zakudya, kupuma ndi kulankhulana wina ndi mnzake, ndi chizindikiro osati zinthu zamoyo. Ndimakhulupirira kuti anthu amene anakhalako Age Stone, amoyo angatchedwe, popanda yekha. Izi miyala ndi udzu, ndi mitengo.

Mwachidule, chikhalidwe onse ozungulira angatchedwe moyo. Komabe, asayansi amakono olekanitsidwa mbali akuthwa. Nkofunika Chinthu ndi mwangozi mtheradi wa mbali zonse za thupi, exuding moyo. M'pofunika bwino kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa amoyo ndi zopanda.

Chofunikira ndi mbali zenizeni za thupi

Banal yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale zimathandiza munthu aliyense pang'ono Pali kufanana pakati pa zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo.

Komabe, nthawi zina anthu ake amaoneka mavuto kuti mukazindikira kusiyana waukulu pakati pa amoyo ndi zinthu zopanda moyo. Malinga ndi mmodzi mwa alembi a namatetule, thupi wapangidwa kwathunthu kwa zinthu zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo - amene sanali moyo. Kuwonjezera tautologies ngati sayansi, pali mfundozo ndi molondola kwambiri amasonyeza akamanena za funso lomwe. N'zomvetsa chisoni, koma izi malingaliro omwewo mokwanira kupereka mayankho onse a chingalepheretse alipo.

Lang'anani, kusiyana zamoyo, matupi a chikhalidwe zopanda moyo akadali kuphunzira ndi kusanthula kale. ambiri kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ali mkangano Chichewa. Opinion amanena kuti moyo kwenikweni sangathe mupitilize ndondomeko ya kagayidwe, khalidwe matupi mapuloteni. ndondomeko Choncho, simungathe saonetsa ndondomeko mogwirizana ndi zinthu zinyama. Apa pali chitsanzo cha kandulo moto ndi moyo mbewa kapena makoswe. Kusiyana moyo mbewa chifukwa ndondomeko kupuma, i.e. chifukwa kuwombola mpweya ndi carbon dioxide, ndipo kandulo kokha wopereka ndondomeko kuyaka, ngakhale zinthu izi ndipo tili pamisinkhu ofanana a moyo. Pamenepa ayenera kukhala chitsanzo chabwino kuti kutonthozana ndi chikhalidwe n'zotheka osati nkhani ya zamoyo, komanso nkhani ya si moyo. Malinga ndi zomwe pamwamba, kagayidwe sangatengedwe kukhala chinthu chachikulu olemba zinthu moyo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa amoyo ndi sanali zamoyo ndi nthawi yambiri kwambiri utumiki.

Mpaka maganizo a anthu, nkhani zimenezi zafika nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba-mayeso ku France Diderot, ndi nzeru kumvetsa kuti khungu kakang'ono, ndipo vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi kupeza maziko a chamoyo wonse. Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, kokha osakaniza makhalidwe ena kwachilengedwenso tikathe kupereka lingaliro la chimene ndi zamoyo ndi zimene chosiyana ndi chilengedwe zopanda moyo.

Mndandanda wa katundu wa chamoyo moyo

Pakati pa katundu wa zamoyo monga:

• Okhutira zinthu zofunikira ndipo biopolymers onyamula makhalidwe cholowa.
• Kapangidwe ma ya zinthu (zonse kupatula mavairasi).
• Mphamvu ndi chuma kuwombola ndi malo ozungulira.
• Luso kubereka ndi kuchulukitsa mtundu wake wa zamoyo zimene zichita makhalidwe cholowa.

Kufotokoza nkhani zonse tafotokozazi, ndi kunena kuti amadziwa kudya, kupuma, kubereka yekha mu matupi wamoyo. kusiyana si amoyo ndi kuti iwo angakhoze kokha kulibe.

Moyo - kachidindo

Ndizachidziwikire kuti maziko njira zonse za moyo ndi mapuloteni (mapuloteni) acid mkati. Systems ndi kukhalapo kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi ovuta bungwe. Lalifupi ndi Komabe, mwatchutchutchu anapangidwa wotchuka zamoyo ku America dzina labambo Tipler, amene anakhala tate wa buku yakuti "Physics wosakhoza kufa." Malinga ndi iye, munthu amoyo yekha azindikire izo, zimene zikuchokera ali ndi asidi mkati. Komanso, monga wasayansi, moyo ndi mtundu wina wa code. Pogwirizana ndi maganizo amenewa m'pofunika kulingalira kuti, monga mwa kusintha code, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa moyo wosatha ndipo sanali siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la thanzi la munthu. Sitingathe kunena kuti amanena wapeza ayankhe konse, koma ena a otsatira ake. kopanda ichi analengedwa ndi cholinga cha kudzipatula ndi zamoyo kudziunjikira ndipo mudziwe ndondomeko.

Mogwirizana chakuti nkhani ya kusiyana pakati pa moyo ndi zinthu zopanda Zatsala nkhani ya mtsutso kwambiri, kuphunzira bwino kuwonjezera tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zinthu Kapangidwe ka zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo.

The katundu wofunika kwambiri zamoyo

aphunzitsi ambiri a sayansi zamoyo zimatha chofunika kwambiri zamoyo zimatulutsa:

• Compactness.
• kuti tizisankha kuti kuchokera chisokonezeko pano.
• Chuma, mphamvu ndi kuwombola zambiri ndi malo ozungulira.

Iwo mbali yofunika otchedwa "maganizo zingwe zopota" amene anapanga mkati ankachita autocatalytic.

Moyo ndi wamkulu kuposa mitundu ina kuli chuma malinga zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu mankhwala ndi mphamvu ya njira zimene zimachitika mu kutengera moyo. The compactness ya kapangidwe ka zamoyo ndi chifukwa chakuti mamolekyulu ndi sankalimbana nafe anakonza.

Monga mbali ya zamoyo zopanda moyo, selo dongosolo losavuta, koma osati pa amoyo.
Yotsirizira m'mbuyomo, amene wolungama mwa selo kukumbukira. Ndi kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa zamoyo kwa zomera.

Vital ndondomeko ya thupi mwachindunji ndi zinthu monga chibadwa ndi kusintha. Pa yoyamba, zizindikiro zimafalitsidwa kwa anthu wamng'ono kwa akulu, ndi pang'ono kufooketsedwa ndi chilengedwe. Ngati chachiwiri, siziri chomwecho: chidutswa chilichonse cha thupi lisinthike chifukwa mogwirizana ndi mfundo za malo ozungulira.

Chiyambi cha moyo padziko lapansi

Kusiyana wamoyo zinthu zachilengedwe, zomera zamoyo ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa maganizo a asayansi ambiri. Malinga ndi iwo, moyo padziko lapansi ankadziwika kuchokera pamene lingaliro la chimene ali DNA ndi chifukwa iwo unalengedwa.

Pankhani zokhudza kusintha kwa mankhwala osavuta mapuloteni ndi zovuta zambiri, deta odalirika pa nkhani imeneyi silinakwaniritsidwe analandira. Pali chiphunzitso cha zamoyo amuzolengedwa, koma anapereka okha mawu ambiri. Chiphunzitsochi limanena kuti pakati coacervates kuti mwachibadwa kuundana mankhwala organic angakhale "wedged" zovuta zimam'patsa molekyulu, zikubweretsa mapangidwe a nembanemba pulayimale selo kuti anapatsa ofunika coacervate. Kamodzi alumikizidwa coacervate mapuloteni molekyulu, pali ena ofanana maselo amene ali ndi luso kukula ndi kugawikana zina.

Kwambiri nthawi yambiri sitepe mu ndondomeko ya kutsimikizira amanena imatengedwa kulingalira zinthu zamoyo kugawikana. Palibe chikaiko kuti chitsanzo maonekedwe a moyo adzaphatikizapo kudziwa zina, mothandizidwa ndi chinthu chachilendo sayansi. Komabe, mwamphamvu kwambiri watsopano chimaposa wakale, kovuta kumakhaladi kwenikweni kufotokoza mmene anaonekera kwambiri "latsopano". Choncho, apa izo nthawizonse kupita pa kafukufuku zoyerekeza, osati zenizeni.

njira chilengedwe

Mwanjira, sitepe yotsatira zofunika polenga ndi zamoyo ndi recreate Kakhungu limateteza maselo cha zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe. Kakhungu kuti ndi siteji koyamba mu maonekedwe a maselo, ali ngati chinthu chosiyana. Aliyense ndondomeko ndi mbali ya zamoyo, wasefukira mwa selo. A nambala yaikulu zochita pakuchokera wa ntchito foni, mwachitsanzo, popereka zakudya zofunika, michere ndi zipangizo zina kumachitika mkati nembanemba lapansi. Iwo ali kwambiri pa zinthu izi, michere, omwe ndi udindo ndi ntchito yake yeniyeni. The opaleshoni mfundo molekyulu enzyme - kuti iwo pomwepo wofuna kulowa zinthu zina yogwira. Chifukwa cha zimene anachita izi mu foni ndi pafupifupi m'kuphethira kwa diso.

kapangidwe selo

A m'sukulu za pulayimale zamoyo Inde zikuonekeratu kuti kaphatikizidwe mapulotini zigawo zina zofunika selo udindo makamaka tsitopolazma. Pafupifupi selo lililonse anthu angathe sintiez mapuloteni zoposa 1000 osiyana. Ukulu wa maselo amenewa akhoza kukhala mwina 1 millimeter ndi 1 mita, chitsanzo cha zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mantha dongosolo la thupi. Amatha buluzi mitundu kwambiri maselo, koma pali kuchotserapo, amene kale maselo mitsempha ndi ulusi minofu.

Kuyambira pamene ine poyamba pakati moyo, chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansili zonse ikusintha ndipo akweza. Evolution wakhala anakokera kwa zaka mazana angapo miliyoni, koma zinsinsi zonse ndi mfundo chidwi ndi sichinaululidwe mpaka tsopano. zamoyo padziko lapansili ogaŵikana nyukiliya ndi chisanadze nyukiliya, zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi multicellular.

zamoyo tating'ono yodziwika ndi chakuti ndondomeko zonse zofunika kuchitika selo limodzi. Multicellular, Kapenanso, zigwirizana wa kuchuluka kwa maselo zofanana angathe magawano ndi yoyenda yokha kukhalapo, komabe, anakonza mu amodzi umodzi. zamoyo Multicellular zatenga malo yofunika dziko. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo anthu ndi nyama ndi zomera, ndi zina zambiri. Aliyense wa makalasi amenewa anawagawa mitundu, subspecies, genera, mabanja ndi zina zotero. nthawi yoyamba chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa gulu la moyo Padziko Lapansi watengedwa ndi utumiki wa chirengedwe. Siteji yotsatira mwachindunji zokhudzana mogwirizana ndi zinyama. Komanso wokwanira kuphunzira zambiri za machitidwe onse ndi subsystems a dziko.

Gulu la zamoyo

• Maselo.
• Cell.
• Minofu.
• Limba.
• Ontogenetic.
• Population.
• Species.
• Biogeotsentricheskaya.
• Biosphere.

Mu ndondomeko ya kuphunzira losavuta mlingo maselo majini anafika apamwamba muyezo kuzindikira. Chromosomal cholowa chiphunzitso, kusanthula kusintha, kuphunzira zambiri za maselo, mavairasi ndi phages anatumikira monga maziko kutsegula lofunika machitidwe chibadwa.

misinkhu Chitsanzo zokhudza mamolekyulu structural zimapezeka mwa kutsegula chikoka chiphunzitso foni ya kapangidwe ka zamoyo. Mu zaka za m'ma 19, anthu sankadziwa kuti thupi mbali ambiri, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti selo onse chatsekedwa. Ndiyeno poyerekeza ndi maatomu. Wotchuka katswiri wa nthawi ya Louis Pasteur la France adati kusiyana zofunika kwambiri pakati pa zamoyo kuchokera zopanda - maselo lochitira chibadidwe chikhalidwe moyo. Asayansi kuzitcha izo chirality la tinthu pa chuma (mawuwa anawamasulira kuchokera Greek ndipo limatanthauza 'chanza "). Dzina anapatsidwa chifukwa chakuti chuma ichi chokhala ngati dzanja lamanja ndi lamanzere awo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo kuphunzira zambiri zomanga thupi ndi asayansi anapitiriza kuwulula zinsinsi zonse za DNA ndi mfundo za chibadwa. Onena nkhaniyi wakhala nthawi pamene ili nthawi kuwulula kusiyana pakati pa zamoyo m'makhalidwe zopanda moyo. Ngati mtima wa malire a amoyo ndi zopanda moyo motsogozedwa ndi njira sayansi, n'zotheka maso angapo mavuto enieni.

Mavairasi - ndani?

Pali maganizo kuli otchedwa masitepe malire pakati pa amoyo ndi zopanda. Kwenikweni akatswiri kukangana ndi akadali amati chiyambi cha mavairasi. mavairasi Mosiyana ndi maselo ochiritsira ndi kuti iwo akhoza kubereka okha zoipa, koma osati ndi cholinga rejuvenate ndi zokulitsa moyo wa munthu. Komanso, mavairasi sangathe kuuza zipangizo, kukula, kuchita irritants, ndi zina zotero.

maselo tizilombo kunja lake, ndi limagwirira cholowa Komabe, monga palibe michere, lomwe ndi maziko a mtundu wa kuli mkulu amasankha. Chifukwa maselo amenewa chiyenera kukhala kuthokoza mphamvu zofunika ndi mchere, ife kuchokera mwiniwake, amene ndi khungu wathanzi.

mbali zikuluzikulu kusiyana sanali moyo

munthu aliyense, osati wodziwa wapadera, mukhoza kuona kuti zamoyo chinachake chosiyana kwambiri ndi zopanda lapansi. Izi zimaonekera makamaka pamene ankaona maselo pansi pa maso kapena galasi lokulitsira mandala. The Kapangidwe ka HIV pali selo limodzi lokha, kuvekedwa ndi chimodzi organelles. Monga mbali ya maselo wamba, Komano, pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Kusiyana zamoyo m'makhalidwe zopanda moyo kwagona kuti mu chipinda amoyo kutsata mosamalitsa analamula mankhwala maselo. Mu mndandanda ambiri mankhwala kuphatikizapo mapuloteni, zidulo mkati. Ngakhale HIV ali envelopu asidi ndi mkati, ngakhale mfundo yakuti palibe "unyolo links."

Mosiyana ndi zinyama kuchokera zopanda moyo zoonekeratu. Cell moyo thupi ntchito zakudya ndipo thupi, ndi luso kupuma (mu nkhani ya zomera - komanso mpweya kopindulitsa danga).

Wina luso kusiyanitsa wa zamoyo ndi kudzikonda kubereka kulanda makhalidwe onse kwachikhalire kumtundu (mwachitsanzo, nkhani kumene mwana wabadwa ngati kholo limodzi). Tikhoza kunena kuti ichi ndi chachikulu pakati moyo. Zomera chamoyo okhala imapanga izi kulibe.

Zimenezi ndi kugwirizana inextricable kuti zamoyo amatha osati umodzi, komanso kusintha lamulo. Kwambiri luso zofunika iliyonse selo moyo otchedwa luso atengere zinthu aliyense ngakhalenso anthu amene anali kale kulibe. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi luso kusintha mtundu wa kalulu, kuteteza zilombo zolusa, ndipo chimbalangondo - zimabisala kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Izi katundu yemweyo amatanthauza chizolowezi nyama omnivorous. Izi ndi kusiyana pakati pa matupi a zinyama. Zomera chamoyo sangathe.

Non-zamoyo, nawonso, ndi nkhani kusintha okha yosiyaniranapo Mwachitsanzo, birch yophukira masamba amasintha mtundu. Pamwamba pa zamoyo zonse angathe kulankhula ndi dziko kunja, amene sakhoza kukhala oimira chikhalidwe zopanda moyo. Ziweto akhoza kujowina kumuukira, kupanga kukangana, vzdyblivat ubweya mu nkhani ya ngozi, kutulutsa singano m'mwamba mchira. Pamene magulu akuluakulu a zamoyo, pali zawo, osati nthawi zonse wochepa zifukwa sayansi yamakono kulankhulana mu anthu am'dera momwemo.

anapezazo

Pamaso liwulo kusiyana pakati zamoyo, zinthu zopanda moyo kapena kulankhula za mfundo za ndiwe wa chamoyo makamaka kwa magulu a chikhalidwe moyo kapena zopanda moyo, m'pofunika bwino tione zizindikiro zonse ndi kuti, ndi wina. Pokhapokha chimodzi cha zizindikiro si zogwirizana ndi gulu la zamoyo, izo sizingakhoze adzatchedwa wamoyo. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu ndi maselo amoyo ndi kukhalapo kwa asidi la mkati ndi chiwerengero cha mankhwala mapuloteni. Izi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zinthu zamoyo. matupi lopanda ndi mbali zinthu pa dziko lapansi lilipo.

Zamoyo, monga kuyenera zopanda moyo, amatha kubereka ndi kusiya ana, komanso kuti azolowere zinthu aliyense zachilengedwe.

luso Communication wogwidwa okha ndi zamoyo, ndi awo "chinenero" kulankhulana kosamugonjera kuphunzira aliyense wa zamoyo Luso.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku awa, munthu aliyense azitha kusiyanitsa anthu amoyo zopanda lapansi. Ndi chizindikiro cha zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo chikhalidwe n'chakuti oimira wamoyo zachilengedwe amaganiza, ndi zitsanzo zopanda moyo - palibe.