"Whirlwind" (chombo). Antitank dongosolo chida

"Mmene kanyamaka" - chida ku Russian antitank chida system (ATRA) 9K121 "mmene kanyamaka" (NATO gulu - AT-16 Scallion), kukhala laser malangizo. Ilo liri kwa ngalawa, komanso Helicopters Ka 50, Ka-52 ndi Lamulungu 25. Choyamba tikuonera 1992 pa mpweya kusonyeza Farnborough.

History chitukuko

Ovuta "Whirlwind" anayamba kupanga mu Soviet Union monga analogue a ATRA American AGM 114 Kumoto. Ntchitoyi inayamba mu 1980 ndipo amachititsa ndi Tula okonza wa KBP motsogozedwa ndi AG Shipunova. Mabaibulo oyamba anali kuperekedwa kwa asilikali mu 1985. ndi tsoka la chida anali ndi "kamvuluvulu" n'chiyani? Mayesero lovuta Helicopters B-80 ndi Lamulungu-25T Imachitika mu 1986, anatsimikizira ndi dzuwa ake okwezeka. M'tsogolo, zovuta anakumana wamakono, imene inatha mu 1990. Komabe, chifukwa cha zinthu zisaipe ndalama asilikali Russian atagulidwa ochepa okha a anamaliza mankhwala zolinga kuyezetsa. Series kupanga inayamba mu 2014, ndi kachitidwe kaye ku usilikali Russian kumapeto kwa 2015 akonzekeretse ndi Ka 52 Helicopters.

Zosintha ATRA

Pali awiri Mabaibulo a ichi odana ndi zovuta:

• 9K121 «Whirlwind" - ndi Baibulo oyambirira, chitukuko imene mofikapo mu 1997. Kodi munition izo okonzeka ndi zovuta izi "Whirlwind"? 9M127 zida ndi osiyanasiyana mpaka 8 Km gawo la izo. chitsimikizo ake zida anali 900 mm.
• 9K121 «Vikhr-M" - kusinthidwa buku la siriyo lapansi. Pamafunikanso chida "mmene kanyamaka-1" (muyezo lakuti - 9M127-1) ndi osiyanasiyana 10 Km, zida ndi mlandu tandem napyoza zida kwa 1200 mm.

Chikhazikitso cha mivi kumenya luso

Kodi mbali ATGM "Whirlwind"? Chida zovuta cholinga kuwononga mipherezero nthaka yofunika, kuphatikizapo zida, zida ndi zachiwawa-zotakasika zida chachikulu kapena zina (nyengo). Pafupifupi onse zipolopolo odana ntchito pa maziko a kanthu chokhala, mwachitsanzo. E. Ndi kuboola zida ndege ya chitsulo chotentha. Kuphulika-zotakasika zida lingathetsedwe pokhapokha ndi kumenya pang'ono mu malo omwewo. Mfundo imeneyi akuyendera tandem zipolopolo, ngati "mmene kanyamaka-1" roketi, imene pali awiri chokhala mlandu kumayambika motsatizanatsatizana. Popanda milandu tandem mu malo omwewo zida kuli kovuta.

Zikuchokera ATGM "Whirlwind"

Roketi "mmene kanyamaka-1" warhead ndi antitank zovuta "mmene kanyamaka-M" zomwe zikuphatikizapo zigawo izi:

• Launcher pa ndege (Helicopters, ndege) lembani AAP kapena AAP-6-8;
• dongosolo basi review ndi kutsata mtundu wa I-251 "ukuwa-M."

Makinawa akuonadi dongosolo "ukuwa-M" chitukuko Krasnogorsky mbewu "pachimake" amaperekedwa ndi TV ndi IR (infuraredi) ngalande aiming ndi laser mtengo ndimeyi kulamulira mzinga, ndi rangefinder laser, yaotomatiki wagawo chandamale kutsatira, kompyuta digito ndi dongosolo roketi olimba mu ndege mu ndege ziwiri . I-251 dongosolo amapereka chandamale kudziwika ndi chizindikiritso masana ndi usiku, ndi kutsatira basi wa mipherezero ndi chida malangizo pa iwo, ndi zotuluka ndi mfundo zolondola pa zida zankhondo ndi shelling.

kutsata luso

Ngati ndondomeko ya chandamale Pre-analowa mu adakwera digito kompyuta zovuta (ODCC) ndege (ndege), amene kukumbukira ziyenera kusungidwa malo mapu a ndege, pamene tikuyandikira chandamale pa mtunda wa 12-15 Km a dongosolo lino ali basi anazimitsa "ukuwa-M." Ngati ndondomeko chandamale amadziwika pafupifupi yekha, dongosolo boresight zovuta "mmene kanyamaka-M" zikuphatikizapo woyendetsa. Umayamba kuyang'ana mbali pa TV (kapena matenthedwe kulingalira) njira, kusonyeza zotsatira pa TV mu zashuga ndi.

Pambuyo kuoneka chandamale pa woyendetsa TV kumafuna maximizing mode, limatchula chandamale ndipo kumayambitsa chithunzi opatsidwa ake reticle. Dongosolo ndiye "ukuwa-M" latembenuzidwa ndi woyendetsa pa kutsatira wa chandamale sakudziwika. Ali wopanikizika, woyendetsa azisunga ndege otere ndi ulemu kwa chandamale, chotero kuti anali mkati osiyanasiyana chovomerezeka kwa kutsatira zida za azimuthal ngodya (mpaka ± 35 °) ndi okwera ngodya (kuchokera + 5 ° kwa -80 °). Akafika osiyanasiyana chovomerezeka, basi ndinayamba odana ndi chida "Whirlwind". Pa chandamale yemweyo nthawi yomweyo mukhoza kuika theka yokha kapena maroketi awiri kuwombera kwa mipherezero 4.

Chida "Whirlwind": Features

zida lakonzedwa kuti awononge mipherezero pansi oti muli nazo zida, kuphatikizapo zokuzira yaikulu kapena zina zachiwawa-zotakasika zida pa mtunda wa 8 Km mu khalidwe la moto kuchokera ndege ndi 10 Km from ndege masana (mpaka 5 Km usiku), komanso kuti akunde mipherezero mpweya anapereka VOP kuphimba njira. Izo zili ndi onse kukhudzana ndi moyandikana mafyuzi. Yotsirizira limakupatsani kugunda mipherezero mlengalenga kufika kwa iwo pa mtunda 5 m.

The ndege liwiro la zida ndi supersonic, kufika 610 m / s, kotero kuti mtunda wa makilomita 4 izo chililaka masekondi 9. Choncho PTUR zovuta AGM-114K Kumoto kuphimba mtunda zimenezi zimafuna 15 monga ntchentche pa liwiro subsonic.

Pa ngodya chokumanako chowalepheretsa mu zida za 90 ° kungakupatseni yopuma homogenous zitsulo zida 1,000 mamilimita wandiweyani.

roketi kapangidwe

Roketi warhead aumbike mwa dera tandem ndi spaced mulitali. Front-yotsiriza ndi mlandu mphako chomwe ndi galimoto ya pamalo anayi kuuluka bwino potsatira njira mphamvu akhoza anatulutsa niches mu n'zosiyana malangizo wachibale liwiro roketi. Chotsatira ndi wachiwiri ophatikizana warhead nonse awiri chokhala ndi mkulu-zachiwawa kugawikana gawo.

Pakuti warhead anatengedwa mafuta injini chachikulu ndi injini leni palokha ndi wolimba ndi nozzles awiri amalandira makona kwa olamulira a roketi lapansi. Apa, mu gawo mchira wa mzinga, ndi malangizo chidebe ulamuliro dongosolo zipangizo komanso laser wolandila svetolucha.

Kumbuyo nyumba gawo zoti kuuluka bwino potsatira njira empennage roketi zinayi wopindidwa mobwerera (monga kuonera chida mphuno) mapiko pentagonal mawonekedwe, kuti musanayambe (pamene mkati mwa mayendedwe ndi Launch chidebe (TPK)) moyandikana nyumba, ndiyeno anaulula kudzera mwa wapadera njira.

Kapezekedwe ka ankalamulira-phiko ulamuliro pamalo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo unmanaged amalola monga chida kuuluka bwino potsatira njira chiwembu cha mtundu "bakha".

Ntchito njira roketi pa kuyambira ndi ndege

Iwo kusamutsidwa kwa galasi-CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa pulasitiki TPK, amene akuyamba mchikakamizo cha chopopera kuthamanga accumulator. Pamene kukulozani akutenga malo ochepa ejection mpweya yopsereza ku mapeto kumbuyo kwa TPK. Chikadzangotha kusiya afunika chidebe asankha mapiko roketi injini ali anayamba. Laser pamaso lili chida aft, omwe amamuchititsa kukhala laser mtengo pa ndege.

Malangizo a laser mtengo pa chandamale ndi chitsimikizo molondola mkulu wa kuwombera, zomwe si ndichepe ndi kuwonjezeka chandamale mtunda. Mphamvu ya laser pamaso cheza ndi otsika kuti ndi dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa zosakwana pakhomo kudzipheralo mphamvu anasangalala ndi dongosolo ma siginalo achilendo kwa laser walitsa. Imakhala mobisalamo lenileni la zida. Roketi "mmene kanyamaka" angathe kusamukira ang'ono-kakulidwe kuwononga chandamale kalasi "thanki" ndi Mwina 80%.