"Warszawianka" - ndi sitima zapamadzi. Maphunziro sitima zapamadzi "Warszawianka"

Pakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri anapita mu mbiri monga nthawi ya anatulukira chosintha zamakono m'minda yonse ya sayansi, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe ngakhale. Pamene musamatchule nthawi iyi: a m'zaka za cybernetics, nthawi ya kufufuza malo, ndipo ngakhale nyengo ya thanthwe 'n' mayina. Mu USSR mu makumi anai mochedwa, anaikidwa mu ntchito woyamba nyukiliya magetsi mu dziko, izo zinachitika zaka zinayi pambuyo Hiroshima. Chombo mphamvu nyukiliya chomera anali Anamanga mu USSR (1957). Ndipo zaka zitatu kale mu United States inakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Nautilus". Nthawi ya nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi zombo. Ndikuganiza kuti sitima zankhondo dizilo nthawi wapita. Koma kunapezeka kuti zina m'malo ayi. Chitsanzo adzakhala bata kwambiri mu dziko sitima zapamadzi Project 877 "Warszawianka".

Premier League - ubwino ndi kuipa

Ubwino sitima zankhondo ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera ndi zoonekeratu. Iwo safuna zimaonekera kawirikawiri recharge mabatire, osiyanasiyana ofunsira ntchito pafupifupi zopanda malire, monga nthawi imene mozama. Tiyenera kukhala yodzaza mu chakudya limathandiza komanso kupopa mu kumwa thanki madzi (Komabe, pali desalination zomera). Mkati mwa zipinda lalikulu, oyendetsa zinthu zoweta omasuka ndithu, ndi mphamvu nkhondowo wotere kuti wagawo wina yokwanira kukonza ambiri Hiroshima. Koma pali chisokonezo. Tsekani riyakitala ndi zotheka ngati ngozi, kotero ngalawa zonse phokoso. Pafupifupi "anagona otsika" ndi pansi zosatheka.

Kaya amagetsi ndi otetezeka, koma yozizira Kutentha madera amafuna ikukoka m'madziwo kuti nau ofooka, koma "fonit", ndipo pa chombo lotsatira, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo tcheru "kuwerengetsa". Komanso, sitima zapamadzi iliyonse (nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi) ali ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndi chifukwa pali zoletsa pa kufalitsidwa mu madera osaya a m'nyanja.

Chifukwa anafunika sitima zapamadzi dizilo

Pambuyo kuoneka fleets zida za adani a awa yosaoneka pa cruisers pamwamba, ofanana zombo anayamba kumanga kwa Soviet apanyanja. Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti Russian sitima zapamadzi zitsanzo amasiyana kunja, osati abwino. kudziwika lamayimbidwe zikutanthauza okongola msanga, zimasonyeza injini phokoso ndi injini. Vutoli anali anathana ina, koma mu zaka zao za sikisite mochedwa - oyambirira makumi asanu ndi awiri kumuopseza kunja akufuna kukupatsani yankho asymmetric. Mu chaka cha 1974, Bureau "Rubin" walandira kuchokera Navy Commander S. G. Gorshkova TK, amene anatchula chofunika kwa chombo latsopano: otsika aone, osiyanasiyana zinchito ndi chepetse chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito m'sitima. Patatha zaka zinayi, ndi m'matangadza mu Komsomolsk pa-Amur anapita choyamba "Warszawianka". Sitima zapamadzi anamvera mawu onse mfundo Buku ndipo kuposa magawo kutchulidwa m'njira zambiri.

The sitima zapamadzi chipangizo

Sitima zankhondo nthawi zambiri amakhala nyumba ziwiri ili wina ndi mzake (kuti "Mathithiŵa chidole" Mfundo).

Kuwala fairing chipolopolo, zobisika umene otchedwa CCH (waukulu ballast akasinja) ndi TSVB (wothandiza). The ballast waukulu lakonzedwa kulenga zabwino kapena zoipa buoyancy, mwachitsanzo amapereka surfacing ndi likumira sitimayo. Wothandiza thanki amalenga chepetsa (i.e., yopingasa kotenga kuweramira nyumba) utawo kapena wolimba, komanso kutumikira agwirizane mpukutuwo.

Adalira, armament, onse makina zofunika, kuphatikizapo galimoto, mabatire, Chalk SCE (waukulu lamulo positi), wopalasa ngalawayo ndi zambiri unazunguliridwa mu nyumba wangwiro kuti lagawidwa zipinda. Yotero ndi "Warszawianka". sitima zapamadzi agawidwa magawo asanu. Childs, woyamba ndi wotsiriza amatchedwa oponya, koma zombo za polojekiti 877 ndi chida yekha mu mphuno, pamodzi ndi malo sonar okonzeka ndi wapadera Chikoka-kunja (pansi) wanga. Koma pa ndondomeko imeneyi sikuthetsa kumeneko.

zaphindu zachilendo

General Wopanga KB "Rubin" Yuri Kormilitsin amapereka mawonekedwe kuti ndondomeko ya sitima, ankaikira chida nyukiliya. In-gawo mtanda ndi zayamba chonse, mosiyana ndi Akhristu ena dizilo, flattened pa mbali. Mafelemu, limene, mogwirizana ndi chiwembu chakale, ili mkati alumikizana kuthamanga, anakamba danga intercase likuvutika kusankha choyambirira kuti mwaulere kwambiri kwa malo, omwe kwambiri mikhalidwe amoyo kwa oyendetsa ndi zida kuika mu njira ambiri zomveka. Sitima zapamadzi ntchito "Warszawianka" wakhala zombo zambiri zamakono za Soviet yapamadzi ku mbali ya zochita zokha, mechanization ndi Cybernetics, potero kuchepetsa katundu oyendetsa - ndi anthu ake ang'onoang'ono - ndi lokhoza zinthu zambiri wotchuka anthu Chinthu.

Low aone

Sonar ntchito mfundo mofanana ndi makina ounikira ochiritsira. Sonar limatulutsa nyemba yochepa mafurikwense phokoso zikugwirizananso ndi zinthu m'madzi, kulenga chithunzi cha zinthu. Monga "chozemba" limatanthauza kuchepetsa aone ya sitima zapamadzi ali makamaka zochokera kuchepetsa reflectivity padziko. Choncho mfundo wapadera kutetezedwa "Varshavyanka". Sitima zapamadzi wapadera phokoso-zogwira wosanjikiza TACHIMATA, omwe amachepetsa phokoso akubwera kuchokera makina ndi galimoto njira, ndi imodzi zimatenga lankhanza sonar chizindikiro.

Kugwedezekagwedezeka ndi cavitation, kumene kumakhala uka pafupi chiwongolero ndi amatsogoleredwa "Rubin" opanga kuloza iwo pafupi pakati chombo chimango (thupi pakati).

Koma aone otsika zokwanira kukhala "wakuda dzenje" (otchedwa Project 877 hydroacoustics navies wa NATO). "Warszawianka" Sikuli kwa ulesi kuyenda panyanja lisanalengedwe. The sitima zapamadzi yokha ayenera kusaka zombo za adani, ndi kuti ankafunika "maso" ndi "makutu". Kudziwa mdani pamaso adzatha kukuwonani - ichi ndi ntchito yaikulu ya ogwira ntchito. Sonars ndi mitundu iwiri: udakali chabe. Choyamba zimatulutsa nyemba lamayimbidwe, iwo ntchito pa mtunda kwambiri, koma unmask sitimayo. The chachiwiri amagwiritsa ntchito sonar zina ndi phokoso m'madzi, kovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, koma si owopsa. M'madzi kalasi "Warszawianka" bwato ali mitundu iwiri ya sonar, ndi kuwonjezera kwa iwo, dongosolo langwiro processing zimene timaphunzira pa maziko a pa bolodi kompyuta. Ntchito luso "mumphangayo lamayimbidwe", omwe amachepetsa cheza mbali sonar.

galimotoyo

Kuti recharge ndi mabatire a sitima zapamadzi kufunika tiwolokere pamwamba, zokwanira kuukitsa RDP (wochedwanso snorkel) kupereka mwayi kwa mpweya kunja ndi kuchotsa zinthu kuyaka. Dizilo ntchito Low utsi kuti amachepetsa aone m'chombo pa nyanja.

Ntchito ndi zaluso zina. Kuweta dizilo (5.5 TH. L. C.) Kodi ntchito kubweretsa chotengeracho zoyenda, cholinga chake chokha poyendetsera ndi ozungulira jenereta nawuza mabatire. Patapita panabukanso apereke galimoto ndalama (mphamvu 130 L. C.), Ndipo ena awiri (pa 102 L. C.) Kodi redundantly-shunting. Kinematic chiwembu ndi chotero kuti injini onse atatu ntchito pa wononga wina. Ndi wapadera, shestilopastny kuti amalola kuti atembenuza pa liwiro m'munsi (250 Chiv. / Min.) Popanga, motero, ndi zochepa phokoso.

osauka

Kayendesedwe ka nchito pa ngalawa dizilo nthawizonse zakhala lolemera. Kuwonjezera pa katundu maganizo, oyendetsa anakumana ambiri kuipa kugwirizana ndi kuchepekedwa kwa malo ndi kudziyimira pawokha zochepa. Sitima zankhondo "Warszawianka" mtundu amasiyana zombo zina za m'gulu limeneli ndi zinthu bwino. Kugona pa anthu torpedoes timu mulibe izi cabins omasuka. Palinso yamvumbi, ndi mafilimu a kanema holo ndi dispensary.

"Warszawianka" lerolino, ntchito 636 TH

Ngakhale zaka ndithu polojekiti, kufunika kalasi "Warszawianka" maboti n'kofunika, kupatula sitimayo ili ndi ndithu katundu angathe. Indian Navy Zida ndi ambiri mayunitsi mwa sitima zankhondo, awiri kupalasa pansi mbendera Algeria, kotero ndi Polish apanyanja. China akugula iwo ndi Bulu awo. Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha dziko dongosolo zokomera watha ntchito ya Warsaw ke pamodzi chitetezo (amene ulemu ndi dzina lake polojekiti), zitsanzo zambiri za luso Soviet, kuphatikizapo masiku ambiri, anali arsenals wa maiko NATO. Pofuna kukhala ndi kuthekera kwa mphamvu sitima zapamadzi pa mlingo woyenera, Kumafunikira mwamsanga wamakono wa gawo zinthu zombo za. Popeza ambiri chiwembu ndi galimoto mfundo ndi bwino, kusintha kwakukulu mu angamulambirire apangidwa. Sitima zapamadzi "Novorossiysk" ntchito "Warszawianka" chitsanzo latsopano lagona St. Petersburg pa doko la zombo zapanyanja Admiralty mu August 2010, kusonyeza chiyambi cha mndandanda wa kapangidwe zapamwamba, walandira index 636. Mu zaka akubwera ndi anakonza madzi kuchepetsa zisanu sitima zoterozo. The chotsatira chidzakhala "Rostov pa-Don" ndi "Stary Oskol" Ena onse a sitima zapamadzi adzakhala dzina mzinda wa ulemerero wa asilikali. The mayunitsi watsopano apangidwa kulimbikitsa Black Sea ilibe la Russia. Mu zinalengedwera amaganizira zimene zinachitikira lonse la shipbuilding ndi ntchito atsopano patsogolo navigation, wokamba, ndi makompyuta. Sitima zankhondo za Project 636 "Warszawianka" mu utumiki adzakhala ndi mapiko "likungosonyeza" mivi ndi kuphana utali wozungulira 2500 Km.

Luso deta ndi armament

Full kusamutsidwa "Varshavyanka" adalowetsedwa ndi matani 3036 padziko -. 2300 T ra boti atomiki pansi madzi ndi mofulumira 17 mfundo (10 ndi injini dizilo). Zolemba malire thandizo 636 ntchito angathe kuyenda pansi pa madzi ndi mamita 300. Galimoto Utali - pafupifupi 73 mamita, m'lifupi - 10. precipitate panabukanso malo malinga ndi katundu, - kuchokera mamita 6.2 kuti 6,6. Adalira Amakhala ndi anthu 52, navigation yoyenda yokha anakhalabe masiku 45. The boti ndi zida asanu oponya likungosonyeza a 533 ndi mivi anayi wovuta.