Kodi voteji anayeza? Unit ya muyeso wa voteji magetsi

Kodi n'zotheka kukhala popanda magetsi? Masiku ano ali mwamphamvu atazunguliridwa yekha ndi zipangizo zimene zimathandiza pamoyo. Sitingathe kulingalira ndekha ndi moyo wanga popanda athandizi anzeru banja.

Njira imene ochuluka kusamukira ku ntchito ya magetsi. Ngakhale zoyendera pang'ono ndi pang'ono kunditumiza ku Motors za magetsi, zimene zimachititsa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe.

Today tidzayesetsa kuyankha mafunso otsatirawa:

• magetsi ndi chiyani?
• Kodi voteji?
• Kodi kudziwa voteji?
• Kodi voteji anayeza?

Kodi panopa?

Pa chiyambi cha phunziro lake la magetsi akamagwira mikangano ya thupi wina ndi mzake. nkhokwe Large mlandu akhoza kuwapeza pa namondwe mphezi, ntchito kumaliseche zachilengedwe - mphezi. Amadziwika kuti njira ndalama miyoyo ya wophunzira M. V. Lomonosova - Richter.

Lamulira palokha ndi zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kosathandiza. Zimafunika kuti malangizo ake - ndi magetsi. katundu panopa:

• Kutentha wochititsa;
• mankhwala kanthu;
• mawotchi kanthu;
• maginito kwenikweni.

Iwo ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi luso. A chikhalidwe koyenera kuti kuli kupezeka panopa imatengedwa gwero panopa milandu ufulu magetsi ndi chatsekedwa kondakitala.

mbiri nkhani

Mu 1792, wotchuka wa ku Italy wasayansi physiologist zatsopano Alessandro Volta chidwi pini National Luigi Galvani pa chikhalidwe cha nyemba panopa ziwalo za nyama. Yaitali ananena khalidwe la achule miyendo, pa mbedza zitsulo, polola kunena kuti gwero la magetsi si chamoyo amoyo, ndi mgwirizano wa zitsulo yosiyana. zochitika zimenezi kumathandiza kuti otaya magetsi ndi zimene mathero mitsempha - yekha mmene thupi la pano.

Anapeza wapadera zomwe zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha gwero la oyamba padziko lonse lapansi DC, akuti "Voltaic mulu". zitsulo yosiyana (Volta ankati iwo ayenera kuchotsedwa Chrixitu mu pali zinthu zimachitikira) amakwiriridwa pepala impregnated ndi madzi "wochititsa mtundu yachiwiri".

chipangizo uyu anakhala woyamba DC voteji gwero. Unit ya muyeso wa magetsi voteji moyo imeneyi dzina la Alessandro Volta.

A zonse gwero panopa

The mbali yaikulu ya dera la - gwero panopa. cholinga chake - kulenga minda magetsi pansi kanthu zomwe ufulu mlandu particles (ma elekitironi, ayoni) kubwera mu imatsogoleredwa apaulendo. KUCHULUKA mu gwero zinthu payekha milandu (amatchedwa mizati) ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Adagawanso mlandu yokha mkati gwero si magetsi chikhalidwe pansi zochita za mphamvu (mawotchi, mankhwala, maginito, ikukhudzana etc.). An munda magetsi analengedwa ndi mizati ya gwero panopa, chimabala ntchito kusamukira mlandu mu wochititsa chatsekedwa. Kufunika kulenga chatsekedwa-kuzungulira DC anati zambiri Alessandro Volta.

Popeza zinthu mchikakamizo cha mphamvu si magetsi zachilengedwe mlandu kayendedwe, ndiye akhoza kukangana kuti magulu a agwire ntchito. Aitaneni ndi maina lachitatu maphwando. The chiŵerengero cha magulu kunja ntchito pa mlandu kutengerapo mwa gwero panopa kuti ukulu wa mphamvu electromotive amatchedwa mlandu.

Mawu akuti masamu m'banja:

• E = A _Vesi Q,

kumene E - electromotive mphamvu (EMF), A _m'ma - ntchito mphamvu zakunja Q - mlandu adatengedwa ndi mphamvu kunja mu gwero.

EMF amadziwika Luso lopeka gwero panopa, koma khalidwe lalikulu nthawi zina ankaona gwero voteji (kusiyana kuthekera).

voteji

The chiŵerengero cha ntchito m'munda pa mlandu kuyenda mu wochititsa kufunika mlandu voteji umatchedwa.

Kuthandauza kwa mzimuwo, tiyenera kuyamikira ntchito ya m'munda ogaŵikana kuchuluka kwa malipiro. Tiyeni A - akugwira ntchito magetsi kumunda gwero mphamvu kusuntha mlandu Q. U - ndi voteji magetsi. mbiri masamu lolingana njira:

• U = A: Q.

Mofanana ndi kuchuluka iliyonse thupi voteji muyeso unit. Kodi voteji anayeza? Ndi dzina la anayambitsa koyamba DC gwero dziko Alessandro Volta wa ukulu uwu utapatsidwa pachikhalidwe chake. Dongosolo lonse voteji amayezedwa volts (V).

Voteji 1 V akuganiza voteji munda magetsi chimagwira ntchito mu 1 J kwa chokwawa mlandu wa 1 CL.

• B = J / C = N • m / (A • c) • mamita = makilogalamu / (A • m'ma ^3).

The mayunitsi zoyambirira za SI unit wa muyeso wa voteji magetsi:

• makilogalamu • m / (A • m'ma ^3).

chofunika kuchuluka

Chifukwa sikokwanira ananena panopa, powapatsa mfundo panopa? Lingaliro kuyesera. Tengani nyali ziwiri zosiyana: wamba banja nyale ndi nyale ya tochi lapansi. Pamene inu kulumikiza kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana mphamvu (maukonde m'matauni ndi batire), ndipo mukhoza kupeza ndendende amperage chomwecho. Pa yemweyo nyale banja umabala kuunika, ndiyo nchito ya masiku ano ndi zina zambiri.

zinthu zosiyanasiyana za magetsi ndi voltages osiyana. Choncho, phindu ili n'kofunika.

A kufanizira zothandiza

Kumvetsa tanthauzo thupi la voteji akubwera, ngati tizindikire kufanizira chidwi. Mu zotengera kulankhulana madzi uyenda kuchokela chubu mu chubu, ngati pali kuthamanga kusiyana m'menemo. madzimadzi otaya ndi anaima nkhani ya Kuyanjana pakathi pa mavuto.

Ngati poyerekeza ndi otaya ndimeyi madzimadzi a mlandu magetsi, ndiye masiyanidwe kuthamanga madzi ndime atenge mbali mofanana kusiyana angathe kukhala gwero panopa.

njira m'munsili mpaka mlandu kusokonekera mwa gwero panopa zimachitika mizati, ndi Ngokhoza kulenga panopa mu wochititsa lapansi. The voteji ya magetsi amayezedwa volts, ndi kuthamanga kusiyana muyeso wagawo - Pascal.

AC

The magetsi nthawi akasintha kolowera wake akutchedwa variable. Iye amalenga alternating voteji gwero. Nthawi zambiri ndi jenereta. Tiyeni tiyese kulongosolerana: zimene kuwayeza ndi AC voteji?

Mfundo m'badwo wa amakono potengera chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu. Kasinthasintha wa kuzungulira chatsekedwa m'munda maginito kumabweretsa kusiyana angathe kukhala wochititsa lapansi. Voteji amayezedwa volts ndi nkhani ya kusintha pano.

Tinganene kuti voteji sasintha? Mwachionekere, chifukwa kusintha mu ngodya pakati pa ndege za kuzungulira ndi wabwinobwino thereto voteji kwaiye zimasiyanasiyana ndi nthawi. Mtengo wake kumawonjezera ku ziro kukhala wofunika pazipita kenako amagwa ziro. Kunena za mtengo ena Sikuti. Lowani otchedwa leni voteji ndi:

• U _D = U: √2.

Kodi zida kuyeza voteji?

Chipangizo kwa kuyeza voteji - voltmeter. Mfundo kugwira ntchito zachokera mogwirizana kwa kuzungulira panopa ndi maginito ya maginito okhazikika. Amadziwika kuti ndi kuzungulira masiku ano zimayenda m'munda maginito. Malinga ukulu wa pano mu kuzungulira zimasiyanasiyana mbali ya kasinthasintha.

Ngati mizere angagwirizanitse muvi, izo kumbali kusiya ziro pamene panopa ukuyenda mwa dera la (kawirikawiri koyilo). Malinga chimene voteji chimaonekera, chida ndi calibrated lonse. Mwina ntchito ya kum'mwera multiples ndi multiples.

Pa nkhani ya makhalidwe otsika wa voteji amayezedwa millivolts kapena microvolts. M'malo mwake, mu Intaneti mkulu-voteji ntchito mayunitsi angapo.

voltmeter aliyense chikugwirizana mu kufanana ndi unyolo gawo, kumene muyeso voteji ikuchitika. Chuma chachikulu cha chida kuzungulira angatchedwe mkulu ohmic kukana. Voltmeter, ziribe kanthu chimene voteji anayeza sayenera bwanji mphamvu za panopa ku dera la. Monga chitadutsa negligible panopa popanda kwambiri kulimbikitsa kufunika zofunika.

Table voltages

chipangizo thupi	The voteji kudutsa malo ake, mu
Voltaic mulu	1.1
Battery tochi	1.5
batire zamchere	1,25
kutsogolera-asidi selo	2
zopezera m'tawuni	220
Mkulu-voteji mphamvu mzere	500000
Pakati pa mitambo chiphaliwali	Mpaka 100 miliyoni

Othandiza ntchito voltmeter ndi

Kugwiritsa ntchito za voltmeter ayenera kuphunzira kuigwiritsa ntchito. Chidwi experimenter angathe kufunsa ndi aphunzitsi kusukulu.

School of Physics makabati zida zasayansi chionetsero ndi zipangizo kuyeza voltages.

Masuku pamutu voltmeter aliyense ayenera kuona malamulo losavuta:

1. Voltmeter ali ndi malire pazipita kayesedwe. Izi mtengo wapatali kwambiri pa sikelo yake. Sikuti kulumikiza ku dera kupanga chinthu voteji apamwamba.
2. Ngati palibe lina, kapena voltmeter, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la resistances zina. Pankhaniyi, lonse la voltmeter ayenera komanso tidzasandulika.
3. The DC magetsi dera chikugwirizana malingana chizindikiro cha malo kuyang'anira umboni. The osachiritsika zabwino gwero panopa chofunika kuti olumikizidwa kwa osachiritsika zabwino voltmeter a, zoipa - kuti negative. Ngati osokonezeka, ndiye chida singano akhoza kukhotetsa, amene ndi osafunika kwambiri.
4. kugwirizana anapangidwa yekha de A-zikundithandiza dera.

zovulaza

The magetsi sizingakhale bwino kuti anthu. Gululi chabwinobwino voteji zosakwana 24 V.

Action pansi m'tauni maukonde panopa voteji (220) ndi mokwanira noticeable. Akukhudza kulankhula poyera limodzi ndi chidwi "mantha magetsi".

Kumangika pa nthawi ya mkuntho akapitirira panopa ngati mkulu mwa thupi la munthu, omwe agonjetsa imfa yake. Musati miyoyo yawo ndi thanzi.