Wambiri ndi ntchito za Sylvia Plath

Lalifupi, wowala moyo wa ndakatulo Sylvia Plath zaka 50 amanditenga maganizo a anthu. kulambira kwake, kumbukirani ndi ulemu. Ngakhale cholowa chake chabe angapo mabuku a ndakatulo ndi buku lina, za moyo wake ndi ntchito zolembedwa zingapo mabuku ndipo ngakhale anajambula.

zaka zoyambirira

Wolemba tsogolo anabadwa October 27, 1932. Childhood Sylvia Plath kunachitika pansi pa chizindikiro cha pomupembedza ndi ulemu bambo ake. Iye anali pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Boston, odziwika bwino kafukufuku wa njuchi, mlendo ku Germany ndi munthu authoritarian kwambiri. Mtsikanayo linali muulamuliro wake wolimba, anazindikira iye monga Mulungu. Amayi Sylvia anali wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa mwamuna wake, anadza kuchokera ku Austria ndipo ntchito monga mphunzitsi wa German ku Brooklyn sukulu.

Bambo anga ankagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo mayi ake anali mng'ono wa Sylvia, amene anali kudwala kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri mtsikana anapatsidwa panopa. Iye ankafunitsitsa kupeza chikondi cha bambo wake ndipo wapeza kuti njira - kuphunzira kwa "wolemekezeka". Pamene iye anali zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, bambo ake anamwalira. Ankadwala matenda a shuga, koma kukhulupirira yekha kuti, monga bwenzi lake, khansara mu gawo lotsiriza, choncho safuna chithandizo kuchipatala. Pamene chilonda anagwira mwendo, mkazi wake anaumirira mankhwala, koma opaleshoni zinalephereka, ndi Otto Plath anafa. Pakuti Sylvia zinali zothetsa nzeru, ankaona kuonongeka kwa zaka, kuti iye anali atasiya kulankhula ndi Mulungu. Mutu wa imfa adzakhala zofunika patapita nthawi amalipiritsa, 1962, iye adzalemba ndakatulo "Adadi", limene mlandu bambo ake anamusiyira.

masiku School

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake, Aurelia Plath anakakamizika ntchito yovuta kwambiri ubwenzi ndi mwana wamkazi iye woterewu kenako Sylvia adzanena kuti udani anamva kwa mayi. Banja anasamukira ku Wellesley, ndi mtsikana sukulu ku Bradford, komwe zaka zonse wakhala wophunzira bwino. Iye anasonyeza zikayenda luso Chingerezi, makamaka iye anali kugwira ntchito yolenga, monga iye anali mkonzi wa nyuzipepala sukulu.

Kuyambira ndili mwana m'mawa mtsikana anasonyeza talente zolembalemba, mwamsanga eyiti zaka zoyambirira ndakatulo Plath inafalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala. Ndi zaka 11 iye nthawizonse analemba nkhani n'kuwatumiza magazini US. Pakutha sukulu iye kale olembedwa zisanu khumi nkhani yochepa, umene 9 afalitsidwa. Komanso, mtsikana kusonyeza analonjeza kupenta, iye anapambana mphoto pampikisano luso. Ndi zaka 12 iye nthawi zonse anali ndi zolemba zimene kulemba maganizo awo ndi zochitika moyo.

Kupita ku College

Nditamaliza sukulu, Sylvia Plath anacititsa maphunziro kwa yapamwamba Smith College ku Massachusetts. Anasangalala, kuyembekezera kusintha wokondwa, koma ku koleji iye anali akadali akukakamizidwa za chilengedwe, amene sanafune kupirira luntha lake ndi wapadera. zolemba ake nthawi imeneyi amasonyeza kuti mu zaka Silvia wakhala kwambiri kulenga changu, iwo ali ambiri drafts a ndakatulo ndi nkhani yochepa, kwambiri wamaganizo, kukonzekera tsogolo.

Chonyamulira zilandiridwenso mu nthawi ino yodziwika ndi, zithunzi mogwirizana. Iye panopa ntchito zochuluka za njira ndakatulo, kuyesera kulenga lemba wangwiro. Kuyambira mu 1950, iye nthawi zonse limafalitsa nkhani, nkhani yochepa ndi ndakatulo mu magazini ndi nyuzipepala pa mlingo dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakaphunzira kwakukuru, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri aphunzitsi onse anali pa iye mu chimwemwe. Silvia wolandira thandizo, komanso kuwina Mademoiselle magazini mpikisano mwezi kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu ku New York. Iye wagwiritsa ntchito monga mtolankhani odzichitira pawokha, ndi zochitika za mwezi uno ndiye maziko buku lake "The Bell mtsuko".

Wamanjenje kutopa ndi woyamba amafuna kudzipha

Ngakhale kuti pulogalamuyi chinali bwino, Sylvia anabwerera ku New York mu mkhalidwe wosweka. Iye ndimakhumudwa, iye akutaya luso kulemba ndi kumva wosafunika awo mtheradi. Zonse izi kuwonjezera chakuti anamukaniza mwayi kudutsa njira chilimwe pa Harvard, ndi kuphunzira mu Smith College, iye analibe mwayi, ndipo iye anakakamizika kusamukira ku yapamwamba koleji zochepa mu Lawrence. Zonsezi kutitopetse Sylvia. makhalidwe wake wake ndi maganizo kwambiri moti angachite kubweretsa yekha atikhaulitse yekha. Iye Subconsciously kutanthauziridwa monga zochitika moyo kuti kusanduke tsoka ndi.

Chilimwe 1953 adzakhala zotchulidwa buku Sylvia, kumene iye anandiuza kuti sakanatha pa nthawi imeneyi ndikuganiza, kulemba, kulankhula ndi anthu. August 24, iye akufuna kudzipha. Iye kumeza ogonetsa, koma wotaya chikumbumtima ndipo alibe nthawi ungakwanitsedi. kupulumutsidwa ake ndipo anatumizidwa ku chipatala amisala. Kubwereranso kwa Sylvia Plath anafunika chaka chonse. Iye chinaperekedwa ku zopweteka electroshock chithandizo, ndi kasupe wa 1954, iye anabwerera ku mawonekedwe yabwino ndipo ngakhale aganiza kuti abwerere ku sukulu. Iye amasamalira zija ndi kupita pa ulendo yotentha pa Harvard. Mu chaka chomwecho iye anakhala bwenzi mu Richarda Sassuna.

Cambridge

Kumaliza maphunziro ake ku koleji, Sylvia analemba nkhani yolembedwa chabwino cha duality mu ntchito Dostoevsky a. Ntchito imeneyi anali kuyamikira kwambiri, ndipo akhoza kupitiliza maphunziro ake pa Cambridge. University anapanga mtsikana chithunzi chabwino kwambiri, iye anasangalala kuphunzira, ndi ndawala sukulu sewero. Iye kwambiri yekha Kukubweretsera masautso chilengedwe - kuchokera nyengo English zambiri wodwala umaumitsa mafupa ake. Pa nthawi ino akuyembekezera Lizani - Richard Sassoon, amene anakhala holide chikondi mu Paris, ndinaganiza kuti isiye naye pachibwenzi. Sylvia ndi nkhawa kwambili, koma iye wapulumutsidwa ndi ntchito: iye analemba zambiri za ndakatulo, nkhani, nkhani yochepa. Silviya chonyamulira, amene mabuku m'tsogolo, kuyembekezera mbiri dziko, zonse akukumana odzikayikira, ndi ntchito yake, izi zachititsa kuti kusinthasintha mu maganizo ake.

domesticity

M'nyengo yozizira 1956, anakumana ndi ndakatulo wamng'ono Ted Hughes, awiri anakhala pafupi kwambiri, olemba anapeza zambiri zofanana, zonse izi zinachititsa kuti chikondi. Ndipo m'chilimwe, achinyamata amene akwatirana m'nyengo yotentha ku Spain, ndiyeno Cambridge. Sylvia pa nthawi ino osati kuphunzira, komanso zoona, ndiye mlembi wa mwamuna wake. Iye zimamuthandiza buku, ndi kutenga mphoto yoyamba mu ndakatulo wa pakati New York.

Mothandizidwa ndi mwamuna wake anapanga ndi ndakatulo choyambirira Silviya chonyamulira, amene ntchito ndi tanthauzo latsopano ndi mtundu wangwiro. Kumapeto kwa angapo maphunziro anasamukira ku USA, kumene Sylvia ntchito monga mphunzitsi. Ntchito imeneyi ndi yotopetsa ndipo kupewedwa kulenga.

Mu 1959, banjali anabwerera ku Britain chakuti Sylvia anali ndi mimba, ndipo Hughes ankafuna mwana anabadwa mu dziko la makolo ake. nthawi yovuta kwa akazi - mimba - ndi kobvuta kuti ndakatulo ndi kobvuta paubwenzi ndi banja mwamuna wake, makamaka mlongo wake.

Mu 1960, Sylvia anabereka mwana wamkazi nthawi yomweyo, iye zinasaina pangano buku la buku la ndakatulo The Colossus & Other ndakatulo. Nthawi ntchito analibe, ndi kulipira nkhawa kwambiri za izi. Komabe, ndi 1961, amabala kayimbidwe kotani yatsopano ya moyo, ndipo tsopano iye analemba m'mawa, pamene aliyense ali m'tulo, ndipo anapita ndi mofulumira nyengo yolenga - iye analemba lonse mndandanda wa ndakatulo ndi nkhani yochepa.

buku

Kumapeto kwa 1961 Sylvia amalandira thandizo kulemba buku lake loyamba. Pamene iye akugwira ntchito pa buku kwa masiku 70. Choncho dziko anali novelist kwambiri ndi dzina la Silviya chonyamulira. "The Bell mtsuko" - buku kuti adzakhala mwambo tingachipeze powerenga, koma pambuyo pa imfa mlembi. Buku imafalitsidwa pansi pseudonym, chifukwa anali ambiri autobiographical. Roma adzakhala kenako azipereka kamwa ya feminism, buku adzakhala republished, ndi kukonzanso kuphunzira. Koma Sylvia sanathenso moyo mpaka chigonjetso kuti.

zachisoni kumapeto

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1962 wolemba ndakatulo, amene anaphunzira za kusakhulupirika mwamuna wake, owona ukwati ndekha ndi ana ake awiri nyumba ozizira. Sylvia Plath ndakatulo nthawi imeneyi kupereka maganizo amphamvu mkazi, iye anazunza chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika kwa mwamuna wake. Pafupifupi mumameza wina iye analemba 26 ndakatulo imene idzagwe m'chigawo posthumous "Ariel".

The psyche sangaime ndi voteji, ndipo February 11, 1963, wachita kudzipha ndi kumwa kugona mapiritsi ndi gassed. Zimenezi anachititsa zotsatira za Sylvia Plath: kwambiri za atsikana kuti anayesapo kudzipha, makamaka kwa mbuye Teda Hyuza, amene anakwatira pambuyo Sylvia, wadzipha njira yomweyo.

Cholowa luso la Sylvia Plath

Anakhalako zaka 30 zokha, Sylvia kumanzere waung'ono koma yofunika kwambiri cholowa. buku lake ndi zolemba anapulumuka kuposa wina kukonzanso kumasulidwa. Mu US chakale olemba posachedwapa anatenga Silviya chonyamulira. "Zima Malo ndi Makwangwala Olimbana", "Adadi", "The November manda", "chisamaliro oyambirira" ndi ndakatulo zina kunyada mabuku American lero. Silviya chonyamulira (FB2, ndilembereni, PDF - akamagwiritsa imene mukhoza kukopera m'buku lake) si bwino kudziwika mu Russia, koma zaka za kutchuka kwake mu dziko lathu zikuchulukirachulukira.