Wambiri Leskov, Russian wolemba za m'ma 19

Nikolay Semenovich Leskov (1831-1895 gg.) - lalikulu Russian wolemba, wolemba nkhani wachisavundi wa Lefty ndi ntchito zina zambiri m'gulu la Fund mabuku Russian Golden. Leskov a ubwana ndi unyamata wadutsa mu nyumba ya abale, anafika olemekezeka. Bambo anali mu utumiki m'makhoti, ndi ndawala kufufuza chigawenga, m'banja wachita osati zotsala. Pamene Time kupuma, Leskov bambo popanda chisoni anasiya ntchito sakondedwa ndiponso anagula yaing'ono munda Panino mu m'chigawo Oryol. Zinali ndiye kuti muli ake chiyambi yonena wolemba Leskov, komanso otsutsana. Mu backwoods wandiweyani pafamu kukakhala midzi kukula Nikolai Leskov anakumana ndi Russian njira mbadwa ya moyo, lapotnym ndi njala.

Kukhwima Nikolaya Leskova

Nikolai Leskov, amene mbiri ndi nkhani ya zaka zake zoyambirira, iye anaphunzira pa zolimbitsa thupi la khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo mwina iye angathe kupeza maphunziro abwino, koma mwadzidzidzi bambo ake anamwalira. Pamwamba zonse panali moto ulimi posachedwa, nyumba yapsya ndi izo katundu lonse. Kuti mwanjira apeze kukumana ndi kuthandiza ofooka amayi odwala, mnyamata wina analoŵa wa kukhoti a m'chigawo Oryol, kumene kamodzi ntchito ngati bambo wake. udindo wake m'gulu kasamalidwe ofesi, ndipo chifukwa kuonerera zachilengedwe Nikolai Leskov wasonkhanitsa chuma ambiri, amene kenako ntchito kulemba mabuku ake, novellas ndi nkhani yochepa. Leskov yonena patsamba umalimbikitsa nthawi yonse imene ntchito yake milandu.

Mu 1849, mnyamata Leskov mosayembekezera alandira thandizo kuchokera kwa m'bale wa amake, ndi Kiev wasayansi S. Alferevo. Pa pempho la wachibale lopambana, anaitanidwa kuti azikatumikira ku Kiev ndipo ndinayamba kugwira ntchito mu mzinda boma ofesi kalaliki yosavuta. Iye anakhala ndi amalume ake, amene anali munthu wotchuka akatswiri a zachipatala kudutsa dera Kiev. nyumba kupitirizabe nthanzi Kyiv aphunzitsi, ndipo osati kuchipatala. Chifukwa atsopano yonena Leskov msanga kudzadza masamba chidwi. Iye analankhula kwa anthu ophunzira, ngati siponji akuwukha zinthu zina, zimene iye adagawa mofunitsitsa. Wolemba tsogolo anadziwa ntchito ya chachikulu Taras Shevchenko Kiev zinapatsira ndi chikhalidwe, ndinayamba kuphunzira mamangidwe a mzinda wakale.

Mu 1857, Nikolai Leskov anasiya utumiki breech ndipo amalandiridwa ndi kampani ya resettlement mabanja osauka m'dziko latsopano. Inali ntchito yotopetsa, adanyamuka ulendo kudutsa Russia lalikulu anthu resettlement. Zofunika tsogolo ntchito Leskov okha. Ndipo mu 1860, Leskov yonena kudzadza ndi tsamba latsopano, kumakhaladi wolemba. Kumayambiriro a 1861 wolemba wamng'ono anasamukira ku St. Petersburg, anatsimikiza kudzipereka kwa utolankhani. Mabuku oyamba anali "Mfundo za Lathu". Leskov ndiyeno mu kusindikiza ochepa nkhani lalifupi komanso mabuku, imene anali "Lady Macbeth wa Mtsensk District", "wopanda khalidwe", "The Life of m'mphawi Woman".

Journalistic ntchito ya wolemba Nikolai Leskov ndi ntchito zake patapita

Mu 1862, Leskov anayamba kugwira ntchito mu Almanac "Kumpoto Bee" chifukwa malo mtolankhani. Mwatsoka, yonena mwachidule Leskov lilibe zonse zimene wake kumunda wa utolankhani. Ngati mtolankhani, anapita m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo Republic Czech ndi Poland. Monga Nikolai Leskov anapita Paris. Miyezi yaitali ulendo ku Ulaya maziko a mabuku a "alakwa" ndi "pa loggerheads". Chiwembu cha izi ntchito zachokera osemphana a Democrats chosintha ndi phiko makezana za mphamvu kuti akhale.

A malo apadera wolemba anatenga buku "pa loggerheads", lofalitsidwa mu 1870, pambuyo revisions ambiri ndi limasinthira. Leskov iyemwini analankhula za buku monga koipa za ntchito zake. Patapita nthawi yaitali, mu 1881, inasindikizidwa buku "The nthano za Tula oblique Lefty ndi zitsulo utitiri," kenako anapirira Mabaibulo ambiri. Pambuyo "Lefty" wolemba anayamba zimangokhala kwa utolankhani, Zotengera ndi opanda chifundo. ntchito yake "Zima Tsiku" ndi "Paddock" Leskov anafotokoza monga ena, koma iye sanali kulilembanso. Mmodzi wa mabuku kenako Nikolaya Leskova - "Mdyerekezi zidole" - onse inaletsedwa ndi m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu a. Tsoka chomwecho anachitika buku "Kalulu remise". Mapeto a 80s anali wolemba ndi yovuta ntchito. Komanso, thanzi lake mofulumira sakuyenda bwino, Leskov anatsegula mphumu, ndipo mu 1895 anamwalira.