Urogenital likodzo: mankhwala, matenda, zizindikiro

Alikodzo - matenda aakulu chifukwa cha ntchito yogwira kwambiri thupi mphutsi parasitic. Chaka chilichonse, mankhwala a matenda chofunika kwa anthu oposa 200 miliyoni.

zambiri

Alikodzo - ndi matenda chikwiyire ndi flukes magazi a mtundu Schistosoma. Pa oyamba mu thupi la majeremusi anthu dermatitis aonekera lomwe kenako kumva ndi malungo, kuledzera, matumbo chotupa cha dongosolo genitourinary, kapena mwachindunji. Chithunzi matenda mu nkhani iyi ndi chifukwa chitukuko cha immunoallergic anachita mazira flukes.

The tizilombo kulowa m'thupi la munthu, monga ulamuliro, pamene ntchito ambiri ulimi kapena mafakitale chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi madzi oipa ndi iwo. Ana a unyamata achinyamata ambiri atengeke matenda chifukwa sanali kugwilizana ndi zofunika malamulo a ukhondo kapena akusamba mu madzi akuda. The World Health Organization amagwira akulimbana ndi vuto limeneli, kugwira njira mankhwala kangapo pa chaka.

Total kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya likodzo: ndi m'mimba ndi urogenital. Ndizo zokhudza otsiriza tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane nkhani imeneyi.

Kodi likodzo urogenital?

Izi matenda helminthic chikhalidwe ndi chotupa chachikulu cha dongosolo genitourinary. kudwala Izi wamba mu Africa North, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon ndi Syria. Mu dziko lathu palibe woyenera mmene chilengedwe moyo wa schistosomes.

Infection limapezeka mwa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi madzi, mmene majeremusi izi moyo. Pambuyo oyamba mu thupi mu kachilombo pang'onong'ono sayanjana mu mawonekedwe a kuyabwa zidzolo. Pa kusamuka mphutsi mu thupi pali ambiri malaise, malungo, kupweteka kwa mutu. Iwo yodziwika ndi ziwalo ndi urogenital likodzo.

zifukwa

Zizindikiro nthawi yomweyo pambuyo ingestion a tiziromboti Schistosoma haematobium. mwamuna ng'ombe kutalika si upambana 15 mm. Mbali kutsogolo ali ndi mawonekedwe cylindrical, ili pomwepo ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zomatira. wamkazi wa ng'ombe kutalika 20 mm.

Tiziromboti likulowerera khungu la osambira / anthu ntchito mu madzi. Imatchedwanso milandu matenda pambuyo kumwa madzi akumwa osadziteteza. Kudzera ziwiya magazi ndipo ngakhale lymphatic Schistosoma haematobium iri yofulumira kuti ziwalo m'chiuno, zomwe zagona mazira lumen wa mtsempha. Ndiye iwo anali khoma mtima wa mkatikati nembanemba a chikhodzodzo, ndi zina, ndipo mu kumaliseche. Kuyambira apo kenako mu mkodzo ndi ejected. Asayansi amati mazira a majeremusi awa akhoza opatsirana panthawi yogonana.

Anthu okhala m'madera epidemiologically yoopsa majeremusi amenewa amapezeka mu kumaliseche. Komabe, anthu aluso mu luso sathabe kutsimikizira ndi Kugwirizana pakati pa mimba padera ndi ntchito ya mphutsi.

Iwo akhoza kukhala pakati pa atatu ndi kwa pafupi zaka 10 mu thupi. nthawi imene mazira tiziromboti analemba akhala anasamutsidwa ndi kukhudzana munthu, kachilombo zaka pafupifupi 30 zapitazo.

The pathogenesis matendawa

Urogenital likodzo - chidwi kwambiri matenda, amene wakhala chidwi asayansi padziko lonse. Infection zidzachitika mwachindunji kukhudzana anthu ndi madzi wodzala. The pathogenesis za matenda ndi zochita poizoni ndi matupi awo sagwirizana chifukwa cha kugwa kwa mankhwala kungotaya helminths. Khungu kuzungulira malo oyamba a mphutsi kukhala edema, ndipo m'kupita kwa wawo anapanga otchedwa infiltrates wopangidwa makamaka a leukocytes ndi lymphocytes.

mazira tiziromboti "moyo" ena mwa mkombero ake chitukuko mu thupi nsombayi mpaka magawo cercariae, lomwe kale kulowa m'thupi la munthu kudzera pakhungu. Apa iwo zipse msanga ndipo amakhala kale shistosomuly. Ndiye, majeremusi umalowa mu mitsempha zotumphukira kumene pang'onopang'ono buluzi mu anthu okhwima. akazi ukala wotumidwa kwa ziwalo dongosolo urogenital, kuikira mazira pano. Ena mwa iwo zigwire mu mkodzo ndi ndowe mwachindunji mu chilengedwe.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Urogenital likodzo ndi anagawira makamaka m'madera otentha ndi otentha, mosatsata madzi apamwamba ndi aukhondo kukhala. Malinga ndi akatswiri, panopa 90% ya anthu ndi matenda izi zimapezeka pa Africa.

matendawa amakhudza, monga ulamuliro, osauka a kumidzi. The kugonana chilungamo, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi oipa panyumba, komanso ali pa chiopsezo. Urogenital likodzo ana ndi achinyamata mu zigawo izi si zosiyana. Chifukwa ukhondo osauka ndi kundiimbira ndi madzi zakhudzana pamene kusambira, iwo ali pangozi kuti kudwala.

Permanent kusamuka ndi othawa kayendedwe patsogolo malowedwe a matenda ku madera atsopano. Ndi kukula cha anthu kulawa mayiko achilendo ambiri matenda matenda mwa alendo lero.

chithunzi matenda

Amene amakhala ndi zizindikiro za urogenital likodzo (zizindikiro)? Ndipo chithandizo, ndi matenda a matenda sizingatheke popanda pamaso pa khalidwe chithunzi matenda.

Wapakati makulitsidwe nyengo ndi pakati pa 10 ndi 12 milungu. Pa nthawi ya malowedwe a tiziromboti kudzera pakhungu la munthu anaona kusapeza pang'ono, ngati pokha ndi singano. Pa kusamuka mphutsi thupi lonse osauka sayanjana mu mawonekedwe a dermatitis ndi kuyabwa kwambiri, totupa. Komanso, pali zizindikiro za kuledzera (mutu, anorexia, kwambiri thukuta). Nthawi zina, chiwindi ndi ndulu kuchuluka kukula. Komabe, si nthawi zonse limodzi ndi zizindikiro ngati urogenital likodzo. Zizindikiro za matendawa, koma mlingo wa kusalekerera timadalira pa chiwopsezo munthu ndiponso azikhala infestation anthu.

Kumapeto kwa pachimake ndi oyambirira magawo aakulu matenda umatchulidwatchulidwa hematuria, amene anatsagana ndi kutuluka magazi pamene pokodza. Odwala ambiri amadandaula malaise, malungo mpaka madigiri 37 kuti chikhodzodzo ululu malo m'deralo. Komanso, umachuluka patsogolo mu kukula kwa chiwindi ndi ndulu. Zizindikiro zimenezi imakhudzana ndi kumayambiriro majeremusi mu matupi zimakhala.

Pa ndime ya mazira khoma la chikhodzodzo akhoza petechial kukha magazi ndi hyperemia wa Kakhungu mucous. Chifukwa kuwonongeka ngati makina kwa ndondomeko pathological amaganizira matenda amene kumatanthauza chitukuko cha cystitis. Kutupa akhoza kufalitsa mmwamba ureter mwachindunji kwa impso.

Urogenital likodzo ngati sanalandire chithandizo akhoza kukhala gawo aakulu. zotupa ureteral yodziwika ndi kuchepa m'madera awo wapotalikira, imbaenda stagnation mapangidwe mkodzo mwala ndi chitukuko cha pyelonephritis. Mochedwa siteji matenda yodziwika ndi maonekedwe a fibrosis minofu ndi chiwalo calcification. Cha mtundu umenewu zinthu mazira helminth kukumana calcification. Mawonekedwe a kusintha chikhodzodzo, kuthamanga intravesical. Nthawi makamaka lalikulu, likodzo kungachititse kuti olumala ndipo ngakhale kufa msanga.

Mu amuna, kudwala kaŵirikaŵiri limodzi ndi fibrosis wa tubules seminiferous, ndi kugonana chilungamo - ulcerations angapo a mucosa ukazi.

matenda

Mkodzo likodzo kuzindikira anachita zochokera deta matenda (urticaria, kufooka, malaise, dizuricheskie matenda).

Malinga ndi akatswiri a kwambiri ambiri mazira tiziromboti excreted mu mkodzo padziko masana. Komabe, kudziwika zawo zambiri anaphunzira tsiku mkodzo nyemba. mulandu ake poyamba mu mabanki mkulu, pambuyo madzi odzaza chatsanulidwa, ndi precipitate ndi centrifuged. Kenako, precipitate mikrosporiya. Kuona kukhalapo mu mkodzo wa mphutsi ikuchitika malinga ndi njira imeneyi.

Nthawi zina, dokotala anu mwina mankhwala ndi biopsy chidutswa cha chikhodzodzo mucosa. Komanso, cystoscopy ndi radiography ntchito kuti aone mkhalidwe wa mundawo urogenital. Chotero njira yodziwira angazindikire kupatulira ziwiya magazi, mapindikidwe a pakamwa ureters ndi, polypous kukwawira.

mankhwala ngati pakufunika

Kuchiza ndi kupewa likodzo ikuchitika okha basi zoikamo kuchipatala. Odwala zambiri akulimbikitsidwa "praziquantel" kapena "Azinoks" mu mlingo tsiku la 40 mg / kg pa kawiri pa tsiku. Mphamvu ya ndalama izi, malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi 80-95%. Ofunika pa matenda a matenda wa mankhwala symptomatic kusintha ntchito kachitidwe mkati limba. Pankhani ya mankhwala sekondale matenda amaikidwa. Mu matenda enaake aakulu, polyposis analimbikitsa opaleshoni.

Onani kuti "praziquantel" ndi bwino ndipo nthawi yomweyo chotchipa mankhwala angathe kugonjetsa zonse likodzo (bilharzia). Izi zikutanthauza chithandizocho anasonyezanso ana ndi achinyamata. Ngakhale kuti pambuyo pa njira ya chithandizo pali mwayi wa kukonzanso matenda, ngozi kukhala ndi mtundu choopsa cha matenda akadali zotheka kuchepetsa ndiponso kupewa.

Kuneneratu ntchito pamwambapa anafotokoza kukonzekera zambiri zabwino.

zosokonezeka zotheka

Mkhalidwe zofunika ntchito polimbana ndi matenda ndi mankhwala oyambirira. Urogenital likodzo, mwinamwake likuoneka pakhale mavuto opweteka kwambiri. Zikuphatikizapo matenda otsatirawa: pyelonephritis, aakulu kulephera aimpso. Komanso, kudwala izi ankaona precancerous oona, ngati pa maziko a kutupa aakulu zambiri kukhala squamous selo carcinoma a chikhodzodzo.

zodzitetezera

Momwe mungapewere urogenital likodzo? Muzilemekeza zimayambitsa, matenda akhala tafotokozazi m'nkhani ino. M'munsimu muli miyezo waukulu kupewa ake.

1. Panthawi yake kudziwika ndi chithandizo wotsatira odwala kuchipatala.
2. Kupewa malowedwe a mazira schistosome m'madzi.
3. Kuwonongedwa kwa nkhono ndi molluscicides.
4. Ntchito machitidwe wapadera ulimi wothirira.
5. Kuvala zovala zoteteza pa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi madzi zakhudzana.
6. madzi mankhwala (kusefera, kuwira) pamaso ntchito.
7. Kuthetsa amatunga ogwirira kuwononga nkhono.
8. Centralized madzi zigawo.
9. maphunziro yogwira thanzi kwa anthu akukhala m'madera awo.

mwapadera akulimbikitsidwa kupereka alendo ochokera m'madera wamba urogenital likodzo. Zizindikiro ayenera kuchenjeza aliyense. Zimenezi zimakhala bwino chifukwa mwina kwa katswiri yoyenera. Njira yokhayo kupewa kufala zina matenda kwenikweni Kupulumutsa moyo.

WHO njira kulimbana matenda makamaka umalimbana mochepetsa mankhwala kudzera zodziwitsa "praziquantel". Mtundu uwu wa mankhwala inaperekedwa kwa anthu onse pa chiopsezo (amene amakhala m'madera kuderako).

Pafupipafupi zimenezi zimatengera chokhazikika pa kufala kwa matenda. Kumadera ndi mpweya wambiri wa kufalitsa matenda kawirikawiri chofunika kubwereza pachaka njira ya mankhwala, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo.

Mankhwalawa akufuna Angakugonjetseni bilharzia urogenital dongosolo mu magawo oyambirira ndi kupewa kusintha ake mu mawonekedwe aakulu omwe anthu kale kachilombo. Panopa chopinga chachikulu kwa kukhazikitsa pulogalamu tafotokozazi ndi mwayi wochepa umene mankhwala koma kuti "praziquantel". Malinga ndi malipoti, mu 2012 analandiracho% 14 okha mwa anthu amene amafuna chithandizo.

Pomaliza

Nkhaniyi anapereka nkhani "likodzo mkodzo: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, matenda ndi mankhwala." WHO akatswiri kugwira ntchito pa nkhani za kupewa matenda ananyalanyaza zotentha za anthu masiku ano, monga kudwala anafotokozedwa ndi ife. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana onse a matenda, ali mbali wamba kuti athe zonse kuonekera mu umphawi.

Alikodzo - ndi matenda amene chaka chilichonse amapezeka pafupipafupi. Komabe, mogwirizana ndi malamulo chiyambidwe cha ukhondo ndi mankhwala oyambirira amalola kuyiwala za vutoli mpaka kalekale.

Tikukhulupirira kuti onse mudziwe anapereka m'nkhani ino adzaoneka inu kwenikweni kukhala zothandiza. Khalani wathanzi!