Ubwino wa nthano "Mkango ndi Fox" Tolstoy ndi kutanthauzira ake zotheka: Aesop, MA Bulgakov ndi Dr. House

Pamene munthu wakumva mau "nthano", anakumbutsa I. A. Krylov, La Fontaine, Aesop, koma nkomwe aliyense amaganizira za chimphona Russian prose wa Ln Tolstoy, ndipo komabe iye anadzionetsa mu mtundu wanyimbo ichinso. Mu pepala ichi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane a khalidwe la nthano "Mkango ndi Fox" Tolstoy.

nkhani

Nthawi ina kunali mkango, kenako anakalamba sizikanatha kusaka nyama monga kale. Koma sanataye mtima ndipo anaganiza kupitiriza zapamoyo osati mokakamiza koma ndi kuchenjerera. Anagona mu nthumbi, iye kunamizira kudwala ndipo anatumiza nyama zosiyanasiyana (edible, kumene) kuti tikacheze kwa provedyvat wake. Nyama khomo la phanga ndi kunyumba si kale anabwerera. Kamodzi pa kuwala anayang'ana Leo Fox, koma kunapezeka kuti anzeru kuposa nyama zina. Kuma nkhandwe mu nkhani Russian maphwando a anaima pa khomo la phanga pakakhala Iye "kudwala" Leo, pamene iye anafunsa chifukwa chake mkazi sayenera kupita kunyumba kwake, Fox anayankha kuti: "Chifukwa sadzalowa kuti chotsatirapo cha akaona - athandizira kwambiri, ndi zotuluka palibe. " Ndi nkhani, ndi makhalidwe a nthano za "Mkango ndi Fox" L. N. Tolstogo motere. Iye momveka bwino anasonyeza poyerekeza ndi Aesop pachiyambi.

Anataya Translation. Aesop ndi L. N. Tolstoy

Agiriki akale ndi nkhani chomwecho, koma iye ali otsiriza mawu a Fox: ". Ndipo kuti apita ngati anali mwaona kuti m'phanga zambiri mayendedwe, ndi phanga - osati munthu"

Mu Aesop ndi makhalidwe nthano "Mkango ndi Fox" mwa chakuti munthu angathe kuzilambalala tsenga iliyonse. Tolstoy, pomasulira nthano, penapake anasintha kutha. Mawu "zotsalira" amatanthauza amaonekera anachoka ndi munthu kapena nyama, ndi chinthu makamaka. Pamene Lisa Lev Nikolayevich anati, "ochuluka, ndipo palibe njira" - ndiye chinachake kale anamva existential, ngati Fox wailesi m'malo mwa wolemba ndi chigamulo mu zinthu zonse. Apa ndi tanthauzo losiyana akhoza kuwapeza pa "makhalidwe nthano" Mkango ndi Fox ", ngati ife tisanthule yekha mawu otsiriza a Fox Aesop ndi L. N. Tolstogo.

M. A. Bulgakov pangano: "Palibe ndipo usamfunse amene ali pamwamba pa inu"

Ife tipite patsogolo mozama madzi mu ufumu wa koona, osati sayansi koma zolembalemba zopeka. Ngati M. A. Bulgakov kuti poyera kuganizira wamakhalidwe nthano L. N. Tolstogo, kenako otsatirawa: mlengi wa "Mphunzitsi" Inde, akanati yomweyo Vixen (kapena kani, izo zikanakhala Fox), umunthu wa munthu kulenga, ndipo Leo, kumene - ndi mwini mphamvu. Ndipo potengera chitsanzo ichi si zovuta kwambiri, mukhoza kuwerenga makhalidwe a nthano za "Mkango ndi Fox" Tolstoy ndi njira ndimafuna wokhala Yasnaya Polyana pamene kuwerengera ana ake wamba analenga sukulu ayi. M. A. Bulgakov anali kunena kuti: munthu kulenga ayenera kukhala na mantha ya boma ndi kukhala kutali ndi iye pa mtunda mwaulemu. Kulankhula kwa mtsikanayu kuti si kuwawa, ndipo Mulimonsemo satchula ukulu kwawo, kapena maganizo kapena abwino. M'pofunika inde? Izi ndi kuwerenga ndi kutanthauzira kwa mutu wakuti "Ubwino wa nthano" Mkango ndi Fox "Tolstoy" mu kalembedwe M. A. Bulgakova. Akuti iye-Mlembi wa "Mtima wa Dog" mobisa ankaganiza kuti mphamvu zake akadali anaona ndi kuchita bwino. Komabe, ngati munthu wololera , ndipo kwambiri anzeru, iye akadali ndasankha ndekha monga njira yaikulu khalidwe chisamaliro ulamuliro, ndipo anali mwamtheradi zolondola, chifukwa kupereka kapena ayi kupereka mphatso - silikudziwika, koma udzaphwanya ndi akhoza mwambo miniti imodzi .

The maphunziro a zapamwamba ndi modernity

Ngati ziphunzitso makono a Greek ndi upamwamba Russian? Inde, kuposa izo, ndi kuti kutanthauzira malingaliro a Bulgakov, lopatsidwa m'nkhaniyi ndi zogwirizana komanso. mfundo Polity akadali yemweyo pa nthaka Russian, ndipo zaka 80 zapitazo Komabe, nyengo ndale ndi bata kwambiri. Ndipo ife ngakhale ndi ufulu woyankhula tsopano, koma ndi bwino boma osati kudziyalutsa, ndipo iye kunyndira mwachimbulimbuli - kumeza pa nthawi ina mukamaonerera.

Ngati ife kubwerera ngwazi waukulu wa nkhani ndi uthenga wake makhalidwe abwino, makhalidwe a nthano za "Mkango ndi Fox" Tolstoy akadali zogwirizana: mwanayo akadali zabwino kudziwa kuti ngati ndi bwino kuphunzira, ndiye adzatha kuzindikira yankho lirilonse kuchenjera ndi waluso izo . Chabwino, ndi chimene iye anawapeza: mphamvu iliyonse zikhoza anayankha ndi kuchenjerera, ndipo wakhala amphamvu - ofooka, ndi ofooka - amphamvu. Ndizoonekeratu ku ichi: kodi munthu angakhale amphamvu, komabe ayenera kuphunzira.

Dr. House: "Aliyense lagona" ndi "Anthu sasintha"

Pomaliza, kutanthauzira kwa mmodzi wa "ngwazi za nthawi yathu," Masiku "Sherlock Holmes" wa mankhwala - Doctor House. Ngati iye anafunsidwa funso, kodi khalidwe la nthano "Mkango ndi Fox" Tolstoy? Iye akanati mu kalembedwe amakayikira ndipo nditaona: ndi kuti anthu (ndi nyama) sidzasinthika, ndi onse yosayima kunama. Choncho, Leo kukhulupirira angathe. Choncho, Fox anachita chirichonse. Ndipo ndithudi, bwino zopeka diagnostician mu dziko sakadasiya popanda Leo matenda ndi mankhwala. Kumapeto kwa mbiri ya Leo akhoza kuthamanga thamanga ndi kupha nyama monga mwachizolowezi. Choncho anatembenuka ulaliki wa mutu wa "makhalidwe nthano" Mkango ndi Fox "mu mawu ake.