The yosamalira gulu zachuma: maonekedwe, mitundu ndi makhalidwe

zisudzo Economic ndi anthu kapena magulu chikhalidwe chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira kwa dzikoli ndi zinthu zake ndi kuwatsatira mu njira ya ntchito yawo. Iwo akhoza kukhala: payekha, banja, magulu chikhalidwe, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, boma ndi zina zotero. zisudzo Economic kusankha, kuika mu ntchito luso lawo, ndi udindo zotsatira za ntchito yawo. Tiyeni tipitirize kulunjika awo.

makhalidwe General

Masiku ano, ntchito za mabungwe onse chuma achindunji kwambiri. Ndi amadalira ntchito zimagwira zinthu zina zakale zomwe losiyana kudzipatula wachibale, pamaso pa zitsanzo za khalidwe zomveka, kudziyimira pawokha ndi malamulo okhazikika. m'njira zosiyanasiyana mabungwe kwambiri kutukula otchedwa wothandizira. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za gulu kapena munthu ntchito m'malo mwa aliyense, masitolo, ntchito zochita. ntchito alipo ndi anasamutsidwa mwachindunji nkhani ya nkhani zachuma. Ndipo paradaiso, nayenso kudziwa limatchula za ntchito yawo. Mwachitsanzo, bizinesi (bungweli, mgwirizano) amapereka linanena bungwe kutsatira kukhazikitsa mu msika chofunika ndi cholinga akumapeza ndalama. Choncho, iwo ukuchita monga mudzagwiritse zachuma zachuma. Pa nthawi yomweyo pangakhale sanali phindu anthu. Iwo akhoza kumachita kupanga katundu, koma kudya zawo. Izi zisudzo a dongosolo la zachuma kutumikira monga mamembala a gawo sanali msika.

banja

Amatha kupanga zosankha za khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa phindu wogwila, magwero a ndalama kugula iwo. Mabanja zinthu monga sapulaya ndi eni zinthu kupanga. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Labor.
• chuma.
• Yopanga minda.
• Malo, dziko ndi zina zotero.

Munthu atumikire monga banja ngati amakhala yekha ndi chikuchitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi kupanga / ulimi (mlimi). Monga tinganene kuti dera, banja ndi zina zotero. Mbali yaikulu mu nkhani iyi adzachita monga zogona.

kulunjika

Mabanja, komanso zisudzo ena zachuma, kuchita ngati ogulitsa ndi ogula. Makamaka, msika wa zinthu yopanga ndi Ogwira (anyantchoche). Mu malo oyamba, mu nkhani iyi, iwo amagulitsa luso ntchito. Komanso, izi nzika za ntchito zachuma angapereke lendi ufulu likulu kapena katundu. Mwa njira imeneyi, iwo apindule. Kuyambira ndalama analandira ndi bajeti ogula banja. Monga maziko a phindu, monga ulamuliro, ali malipiro. Ndi ndalama chinthu, phindu limene zimasiyanasiyana, malingana ndi ntchito. Banja kugawira phindu pakati kupulumutsiramo ndi mowa panopa.

kampani

Gulu zachuma ndi bungwe lalamulo, ogwira ntchito kwa chilengedwe ndi kupanga katundu (mankhwala), ntchito ndi misonkhano. M'mawu ena, kampani mukuganiza kumasula katunduyo zogulitsa pamaziko a masuku pamutu chuma chimene ali nazo zake, komanso anagula zifukwa msika. Monga ogula misonkhano ndi mankhwala, kulenga kampani, ndi nyumba za boma, makampani ena, kuphatikizapo kunja. gwero la kampaniyo akuti ndi ndalama zake. Pamafunikanso chipukuta misozi kutuluka kwa katundu ndalama, phindu limene kuchita zina ntchito zachuma.

Features a ogwira ntchito ndi

Malipiro akutsatiridwa ndi kupeza zinthu kupanga zinthu monga ndalama zake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo apanga utuluke malipiro, chidwi, rents, ndi zinthu zina. Ku misika ya katundu chopangidwa gulu ili zachuma amalenga kupereka. Mu nkhani iyi, amachita ngati wogulitsa akufotokozera ena mfundo mitengo malinga ndi mikhalidwe alipo. The phindu udachita ndi kulimbikitsa mwina kunditumiza ku boma mu mawonekedwe a msonkho deducted ma sheya hoda (pa mtundu ogwirizana a bungwe) mu mawonekedwe a benefiti, komanso motsogoleredwa kupititsa patsogolo ulimi (mafanowo).

malipiro lamulo

Aliyense chilli chuma ayenera kulipira misonkho. Iwo akhoza kukhala mwachindunji kapena mozungulira. Woyamba ndi misonkho kuti amalipidwa mwachindunji kwa zasungidwa. milandu sitipereka anapangidwa ngakhale milandu kumene kampaniyo salandira ndalama. Iwo ali m'gulu la mitengo ya zinthu. misonkho akawerenge makamaka, monga ntchito miyambo VAT, ntchito excise ndi zina zotero. Pankhaniyi, boma limapereka ubwino wina kwa antchito omwe siaboma. Mabizinesi angalandire subvention, subsidy, subsidy. Ntchito ndalama zimenezi, State ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo zachuma umalimbana malamulo ntchito za mabizinezi alipo mu dziko.

mawonekedwe umwini

Malinga iwo, zimatulutsa osiyanasiyana makampani. mawonekedwe munthu amagwira ntchito monga maziko kukhazikitsa banja kapena ogwira ntchito payekha. katundu gulu n'chobadwa mtundu wa mabungwe, mabungwe, makampani (Ltd., PLC). Palinso boma oyang'anira tauni mitundu. Iwo khalidwe la sanali phindu, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono unitary ndi mabungwe (mayanjano, maziko ndi ena).

boma

Amagwiritsidwanso ankamuona ngati mudzagwiritse zachuma. Monga mbali yaikulu ya zochita zake umuna ndalama. Iwo akuyendera kudzera Bank wa Central. Bank The Central, monga gulu anthu, komanso nthawi utuluke ndalama. The zolowa wa State zimakhala wogula ndi wogulitsa. Mu msika wa zinthu mafuta, gulu zachuma amapeza chuma zonse zofunikira kugwira ntchito kwa nyumba yake. Wokhala wogulitsa kapena eni, boma kukagulitsa kapena amapereka ntchito kwa kanthawi mankhwala kubala mabizinezi boma akumeneko. Komanso, amatenga msonkho ntchito zina zachuma, powapatsa ubwino, chimatsimikizira, ndalamachi, ang'onoang'ono.

malamulo a boma

Pokhala ngati thupi kwambiri kwa malamulo chuma, kanthu boma imatengedwa pa milingo onse zazikulu ndi yaying'ono. mfundo State liziyang'ana pa dziko moyo maximization mu mphamvu mwachilungamo zochepa. Monga mbali ya microeconomics ikufotokoza mmene boma pa nkhani yeniyeni :. Opanga, ogula, ogulitsa, etc. Pa mlingo zazikulu akuti zimakhudza kufufuma, ntchito entrepreneurial, ulova ndi zina zotero.

Ntchito kiyi wa boma

zingapo zochititsa amene anazindikira ndi boma, lolunjika pa ntchito yokonza ndi chitukuko cha chuma. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka:

1. Kupereka chimango zolimbana ndi mapangidwe m'mlengalenga zosangalatsa zomwe zimathandiza kuti uziyenda nchito ya msika.
2. Chitetezo cha mpikisano.
3. Kuonetsetsa kusokonekera ndalama ndi chuma.
4. The olimba a zinthu zachuma. Ntchito imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuyan'anila mlingo wa nchito ndi kufufuma, kuwalimbikitsa kukula ntchito.
5. Kusintha kwa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka gwero kuti kusintha kapangidwe ka mankhwala dziko.

Kukhazikitsa pulogalamu boma

Ntchito kuonetsetsa chimango zolimbana a zachuma msika ndi kuthetsedwa chiyambi cha malamulo a khalidwe. Iwo ayenera kutsatira opanga zonse mogwirizana ndi makasitomala. Ovomerezedwa ndi malamulo aboma zokhudza kudziŵa zochitika za katundu ufulu, lamulo la mgwirizano pakati pa Makampani, lamulo pa kukhazikitsa mankhwala onyenga ndi mankhwala. Mu zikalata zaboma monga anatsimikiza mtima olemba mfundo mankhwala khalidwe, udindo kulephera kutsatira mawu mgwirizano ndi zina zotero.

Pomaliza

Mtendere wa boma kusiyana ndi kukhazikitsa ma zotchinjiriza moyo amapereka osachepera kuchuluka kwa malipiro, ubwino ulova. boma mosamalitsa, asaaonerera pa mlingo wa mitengo, kukonza iwo kuonjezera ndalama zina Magulu kwa nzika zonse. Kuonetsetsa kufanana ndi mpikisano free, chilengedwe cha zinthu zimene anthu onse mu ndondomeko ya zachuma adzatha kuzindikira kuthekera kwawo - amaonedwa kukhala ntchito yaikulu ya boma. Awo kukhazikitsa amakonzedwa zosiyanasiyana mapulogalamu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, boma liyenera kulimbikitsa kubwezeretsa bajeti. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anaika kusiyanitsidwa mitengo ya msonkho. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachuma ndi chuma, boma nthawi kufalitsa phindu kudzera mwa alowererepo mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina mwa kugwira ntchito kwa kapangidwe msika. Chifukwa dongosolo alipo msonkho, komanso kudzera zolowa anthu pa chikhalidwe chitetezo ndi zopitilira dziko chitumidwa kwa mamembala ndi olemera titembenukira kwa osauka. Mu ndondomekoyi, Koma mbali yaikulu limabweretsa mabanja ndi mabizinesi. Iwo amachita monga gwero la revenues bajeti. Opanga kutulutsa katundu, kupereka ntchito ndi kuchita ntchito, kupereka katundu zofunika anthu.