The m'khoti Medieval Russia: Pskov Judicial hayala

Pskov Judicial hayala - wotchuka memo akale chilamulo, amati unakhazikitsidwa Pskov mu 1397 (nkhaniyi zalembedwa mu bukuli). Limafotokoza zinthu malamulo Russian dongosolo milandu ndi kuyan'anila za nthawi imeneyo. Ataphunzira izo, inu mukhoza kuphunzira za intricacies zambiri mlanduwu kapena chilango miyeso yofunsira kuyan'anila ena.

Pskov Judicial hayala: mudziwe ambiri

Chikalatachi lagawidwa zigawo ziwiri, amene nawonso, zigwirizana zigawo zingapo. Mbali yoyamba khama bwalo, limatchula mitundu yake, fotokozani momwe mayesero, ikulongosola za umboni ndi malipiro bwalo.

Mu gawo lachiwiri lili ndi mfundo pa chigawenga zolakwa, ngongole ndi cholowa malamulo, malonda ndi kuchepa.

Tiyeni tikambirane mphindi chidwi kwambiri.

ndalama

Zindapusa adaachitumiza kwa kuba, kumenyana, kuba, kuba na kupha. The ndalama unali kudalira za munthu; pakuti Boyar anali makumi asanu rubles kuti "munthu zhitego" - makumi awiri, ndi kwa "munthu molodshego" - khumi.

Pali mitundu itatu ya zilango anatchula Pskov Judicial hayala: malonda (a chabwino cha Knyazhye chuma), zakukonzanso kwa wozunzidwayo kapena achibale ake ndi malipiro bwalo. kuchuluka anali opondapo nthawi - anthu osauka zambiri monga kunalibe ndalama, amene amawaika iwo pa chifundo cha zigawo olemera kwambiri alionse: amalonda, olemekezeka, wobwereketsayo.

upandu boma

analembaponso za mndandanda wa milandu makamaka lalikulu kwa dziko. Ichi ndi woukira boma, kuwukira holo mabungwe milandu vzyatnichestvo, chipongwe nduna. Onse a iwo anapatsidwa chilango bwino kwambiri - chilango cha imfa.

Chifukwa cha zolakwa zochepa kwambiri amayenera chimodzi chokha mtundu wa chilango - zosiyanasiyana ndalama. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa kuti malamulo a boma mu Pskov Judicial hayala anali malipiro kuposa Chilango.

Court Mafomu

M'bwalo la mkulu ndi meya

maudindo awa awiri zogwirizana: ngakhale iwo sakanakhoza kuweruza popanda kukhalapo kwa wina. Iwo anali oimira mfundo ziwiri - boma Zemsky, amene anali wogwirizana kwambiri. The yamtunduwu wa khoti ndipo anali tatba golovschina, looting nkhondo ndi banditry.

Pskov kusankidwa oweruza kuganizira nkhani ya yolemba ntchito, ngongole, cholowa, kugula, komanso yokhudza malo. Mu ndondomekoyi, iye anali kalonga.

Episcopal Woimira amamva milandu atsogoleri ndi anthu amene Church Office. Kuyambira kanjedza yolembedwa pa izo zinali wapolisi awiri, oikidwa ndi kampani. Litigation ndi aboma anthu a mpingo anamvetsa Episcopal wolowa mmalo chigawo oweruza.

Ndi bwalo bratchiny kuthetsa mikangano ndi milandu akuwuka mu phwando Bratchina. Court anapangidwa kalonga wosankhidwa wa phwando ndi oweruza pa maziko a miyambo wowerengeka. maganizo ake kumvera okhawo amene nakhuta, pamene ena akhoza kusuntha mlandu ku khoti ambiri.

Pa mlandu Komiti, zochita onse atengedwa okha a dera lonse. Kalonga bwanamkubwa kuti sikuloledwa. Komabe, mu chikalata silinena wotani zinthu zimene anaona. Ambiri mwina, anakambirana mavuto zokhudza mzinda wonse komanso amene sanathe kuthetsedwa mwa njira zina.

Ngakhale kuti Pskov Judicial hayala wafika masiku athu, osati kwathunthu, koma ndi mipata yaikulu, komabe akutumikira monga gwero lapadera malamulo malamulo osati nthawi yake, komanso tsiku ndi tsiku zigawo zambiri za anthu, amene amatchulidwa mu mpukutuwu.