The mitundu yabwino ya chimanga: photos, ikulongosola

Wokoma waukulu chimanga - mmodzi wa zakudya ankakonda pafupifupi munthu aliyense, mtundu wa zosangalatsa kuyambira ali mwana, makamaka kukula chiyambi cha chilimwe. Popular zomera, mbadwa ya America, kalelo, ali nalo Mayans akale ndi Aaziteki.

Chimanga - ang'ono minda mfumukazi

Mu lonse mafakitale mbewu imeneyi wakula makamaka zolinga chakudya Koma woyenera anapeza kagawo kakang'ono ake mu kanyumba ndi munda ziwembu ambiri komwe mitundu chimanga ndi kuwonetsa kuchuluka zake zonse. Ndipo kunyumba kukula kwambiri "civilize" kukongola wamtali, kuwamana iwo za luso wodzilamulira seeding ndi kukula kale boma lake, zakutchire. Tsopano mbewu izi ndi monoecious, ali inflorescences osiyana ndi mtanda mungu. Ena wamaluwa ntchito doopylenie yokumba - ichi iwo kugwetsera spikelets pamwamba pa tsinde (mwamuna maluwa), ndipo kugwedeza iwo makutu a maluwa (maluwa a mtundu yaikazi).

Kufotokozera ndi kunja makhalidwe

The mizu ya pafupifupi chimanga mphamvu zokwanira ndipo amapita ngalande akuya pafupifupi 1.5 mamita. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mapangidwe pa tsinde zina (Buku) mizu, kuchititsa molimbira zomera kumangako mu nthaka ndi kulimbikitsa mulingo woyenera mayamwidwe ndi posungira wa madzi ndi mchere zinthu.

Zimayambira chilili zomera akhoza kufika 6 mapazi mkulu (malingana ndi mtundu wa chimanga). inflorescences Male ili pamwamba pa tsinde mu panicle, ndipo mkazi zobisika axils wa masamba. Kulemera kwa oterowo kukwera zovuta zomwe ndi corncobs, ndi ku magalamu 35 500.

mitundu yonse analipo a chimanga kwa kapangidwe tirigu ndi malangizo a ntchito anawagawa mitundu yambiri zofunika. Pansipa ndi akuluakulu yachigawo mitundu.

Zosiyanasiyana chimanga chotsekemera

Lokoma chimanga - wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ankakonda, makamaka pa yamkaka-sera ake chikapsa; zokoma pophika saladi ambiri, ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwa ayipanga hybrids mkulu-ololera. Akafike kukhwima chimanga zonse amasonkhana kwambiri kuchuluka kwa dzuwa. Pamwamba tirigu makwinya, iwo yachigawo - vitreous. Sweetcorn wakhala bwinobwino ntchito makampani kumalongeza.

Zosiririka kwambiri ndi mitundu otchuka a lokoma chimanga - ndi timadzi tokoma Ice, Gold Early 401, Mzimu, Gourmand 121, Dobrynya, Sundance.

zamizimu

Kodi wosakanizidwa latsopano ndi nthumwi otchuka zosiyanasiyana chimanga wokoma; oyenera pafupifupi onse zigawo Russia. mbewu yodziwika yowala chikasu, ndi pamodzi kukula chisononkho ndi masentimita 20. Lawani zofewa wokoma (chifukwa mkulu shuga zili mu mbewu), zamkati ndi mokwanira yowutsa mudyo. Chomera ali ndi kutalika 2-mita. Pamene kukula mbande ya mitundu amenewa ndi kubzala mu nthaka yotseguka mochedwa May Mzimu chimanga angayamikire apamwamba zokolola pambuyo pa miyezi 2.

Dobrynya

Zophatikiza, yodziwika ndi kupsa oyambirira. Kubzala ikuchitika mu May, atapita masiku 70 n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa makutu kucha. Iwo ali zokoma kukoma ndi chidwi kukula kwa makutu. Chomera kutalika pafupifupi 170 cm, mapangidwe makutu zikuchitika, kuyambira msinkhu wa masentimita 70. Wabwino kudya mwatsopano, kuzizira, kumalongeza. Chimakula panthaka iliyonse ndipo ali kukana zabwino matenda.

Gourmand 121

zosiyanasiyana The amakhala ndi mkulu zokolola ndi kukana matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zomera ndi masiku 70-75. Chomera kutalika - 1.5 mamita. chisononkho Utali -. 20 cm cobs mkaka gawo kukhwima mitundu Gourmand 121 zokoma yophika, komanso ntchito yozizira koopsa ndi kumalongeza.

Ice timadzi tokoma

Mochedwa kalasi, yodziwika ndi palatability kwambiri ndi lochuluka. Pakati pa anthu ndi wokoma kwambiri. Chisononkho cha chimanga angafikire zotalika masentimita 22, yomwe ndi zimasonyeza kukula kwambiri.

Sundance

Ali pang'ono elongated mbewu chikasu zosiyana kwa kumalongeza ndi mowa atsopano. Pa wina chitsamba, otsika mu msinkhu, izo aumbike mwa kutalika makutu awiri masentimita 20, m'mimba mwake 5 cm. Zosiyanasiyana Izi zofesedwa mochedwa May ndi kukula pa masiku 70-95.

Gold oyambirira 401

kalasi Izi undersized, zomera nthawi - 90 masiku. Zonyamula matenda. Avereji kukana kuti chilala. chisononkho kulemera - 190 magalamu. Chimanga chikasu ndi makhalidwe abwino kukoma.

Ni chimanga: ofotokoza ndi kalasi

Iwo yodziwika ndi cobs lalikulu, zimayambira amphamvu, mkulu zipatso ndi lochuluka la silage. Mu America, mtundu yaikulu ya chimanga kukula lonse mafakitale ndi ntchito chakudya nyama cholinga. yambewu kumaoneka ngati dzino, ndipo pamwamba ndi recess amene anapanga pa kusasitsa lapansi. Zomera ambiri osati mbewu chitsamba ali ku wowuma 75% ndi ntchito kupanga mowa, ufa ndi grits.

oimira otchuka mitundu dzino-monga chimanga ndi Odessa 10 Stirling.

Odessa 10

Mochedwa-zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapereka phindu lochuluka kwambiri ya misa wobiriwira ndi otsika - mapira. Nthawi zambiri izo wakula kwa silage.

chabwino

Middle-mkulu-ololera mitundu anamasulidwa pafupifupi m'mbali zonse za kulima chimanga.

Mwala chimanga: mapangidwe a mitundu

Mapira ali wamphamvu yosalala (popanda mphako, pamwamba wozungulira) choyera kapena wachikasu, chomwe pafupi kwathunthu kwa wowuma ndi. Zimenezi akutumikira monga maziko yopanga flakes chimanga ndi ndodo ndipo ambiri mu dziko. Cross-kuswana kwa chimanga subspecies ni kwachititsa poluzubovidnoy chimanga.

Ambiri ndi mitundu chimanga monga 80 Voronezh, Voronezh 76 Severodakotskaya.

Voronezh 80

hybrid oyambirira yakucha zimafunika masiku 70. Ofunika kwa kuphweka kwa yokonza ndi mkulu zili shuga. Makulidwe cobs - 20 mpaka 25 masentimita kutalika mbewu -. 170 masentimita ntchito kumalongeza. Mbewu sangathe ntchito kwa mbewu chaka chamawa. Zoned m'dera Sakhalin ndi kumpoto kwa Siberia.

Voronezh 76

Kucha mitundu. Ndi kukula pafupifupi Madera onse a gulu chapakati Black Lapansi.

Severodakotskaya

Sing'anga oyambirira zosiyanasiyana. Mayiko m'madera kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Russia.

Mbuliwuli: popkornovy kalasi

Ndi kunja mitundu mbali kufotokoza chimanga wa mtundu uwu ndi ofanana: tirigu yosalala ndi chonyezimira, pamene Kutentha mkangano. Ndi mtundu uwu inakhala maziko a kuonekera kwa mbuluuli wokondedwa. Bzalani yodziwika ndi tillering wabwino, ambiri apolisi, kuchuluka kwa masamba. The mitundu yabwino ya chimanga kwa mbuluuli - ndi phiri, Oerlikon, 925 Dnieper.

Vulcan

Yodziwika ndi palatability kwambiri ndi toasted tirigu mkulu kuchuluka kuwonjezeka. Zosiyanasiyana chimanga kwa mbuluuli ndi m'ma chilala zosagwira, mkulu-zokolola, chomera kutalika - mpaka 220 masentimita kutalika kwa chisononkho - .. 22 masentimita wakula mu steppe nkhalango ndi zigawo steppe.

Oerlikon

Yapakatikati oyambirira zosiyanasiyana, amakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri ndi fungo lokoma. Izo ntchito kuti mbuluuli, flakes chimanga ndi timitengo.

Mitundu ina ya chimanga

• Waxy chimanga. Mbewu za mitundu ya subspecies ndi yodziwika ndi yosalala ndi matte khungu. The mtanda yachigawo tirigu kapangidwe akufanana phula. mtundu uwu, MITUNDU zosiyanasiyana ndi yochepa, ndi otchuka kwambiri China.
• Kukhuthala chimanga. Mmodzi wa wamkulu pa dziko. Ambiri kum'mwera kwa North America ndi South America. mitundu Maize (zomera chithunzi zambiri kuziona pa chuma ambiri apadera) yodziwika ndi kupsa mochedwa. Chipinda cha kutalika sing'anga, ndi zambiri masamba, sing'anga ndi tillering amphamvu. Mapira adzakhale kuzimiririka, yosalala, ali ndi otukukira kunja pamwamba. Wowuma okhutira - 80%.
• Hulled chimanga. Makampani, mtundu uwu si ntchito mogwirizana ndi processing Kuvuta, chifukwa wrappers munthu yokutidwa osati makutu, koma tirigu.
• Ostrozernaya (nosed) chimanga. Palibe zopindulitsa, kotero si ambiri.

Yapamwamba zachilendo - Hopi chimanga

Izi chimanga kalasi wosiyana ndi ena ndipo ali kukoma yake - zachilendo zachilendo zakuda-wofiirira nyemba, chifukwa cha pamaso pa enzyme makamaka. Izo wakula makamaka kum'mwera chakumadzulo United States ndi kumpoto Mexico. Kukoma - okoma ndi wachifundo, ndi kutchulidwa nutty kununkhira. zosiyanasiyana ili linali Hopi amwenye kuti anapanga maziko a dzina lake. Tikhoza kuganiza kuti ndi akale kwambiri zomera, umene wakhala m'malo mwa onse alipidwa yowala chikasu kapena lalanje chimanga. Amenewa "chibakuwa" kalasi kukhala kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mtundu anatenga woyenera kagawo kakang'ono mu ogula malonda ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola ndi zosakaniza kwake mu kupanga chimanga tchipisi buluu. Pamaziko a mbewu buluu anakonza otentha chakumwa "Chicha Pepo". Hopi Chimanga ali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtundu osiyanasiyana omwe si lonse: kuchokera imvi kuwala kwa pafupifupi wakuda. Mu khutu limodzi akhoza pamodzi ndi mitundu yambiri, kupanga ngati kukongoletsa chimanga.

mitundu chakudya chimanga

Ndi mitundu coarse chimanga, cholinga chimene kukula kupeza ndalama yaikulu ya silage kwa kudyetsa ziweto, mitundu monga Kuban yakucha hybrid, Aurica, Viola, Saratov shuga, Golden ubweya, Pearl. Chimanga chakudya, zomwe sukulu yodziwika ndi digiri yapamwamba ya masamba, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa khalidwe mbewu.

malamulo kubzala

Chimanga ndi zofunika kwa zomera dzuwa zonse; izo chabe kusankha nthaka, koma wakonda kuwala ndi bwino analimbikitsa lapansi. Zofunika mbewu wamtali kungakhale nyemba, mbewu yozizira, mbewu mzere ndi kasupe tirigu. Komanso zingabzalidwe pambuyo tomato, ndiwo zamasamba ndi mavwende.

Kwambiri udindo wolemera ndi apamwamba chonde mbewu masewero nthaka Koma kwenikweni chofunika kuchita kuvala (organic kapena mchere). Mu yophukira kukumba pansi, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera manyowa anawola ndi feteleza phosphorous-potaziyamu. Spring gawo kale angaimbidwenso asanadzalemo mafupa okhaokha (kuchotsa zachiphamaso peel apezeka ndi kuwonongedwa kwa dziko lapansi).

Kudzalidwa kwa chimanga zizichitidwa m'nthaka, analimbikitsa 12 ^{° C,} kumachitika padziko mapeto a April; Mbewu munasindikizidwa kuti akuya pafupifupi 7 masentimita tsiku pamaso kubzala, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti. Nitrogenous feteleza (pa 10 mamita ² - magalamu 200) ndipo pansi proryhlit kuti akuya 10 cm.

Mathamangitsidwe wa kumera mbewu n'zotheka kupereka iwo presoaking mu madzi ofunda. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo adzaikidwe mu thumba gauze, ndilo tsiku 4 kuika mu malo dzuwa, kenako anaika mu njira ya permanganate potaziyamu kwa mphindi 20. Ndiye, mbewu tiyenera kutsukidwa, anaika mu chidebe ndipo anaika mu malo otentha. Patapita masiku 3-4, kudzakhala mizu ang'onoang'ono, inali nthawi imeneyo mbewu zingabzalidwe mu nthaka lotseguka. M'munda, mphukira woyamba adzasangalala za tsiku la 12.

Ambiri wamaluwa ankachita masewera kubala mbewu mbewu nthawi yochepa okonzeka mbande ya chimanga, amene zaka ankafika zambiri masiku 30.

Zokolola amafuna chimanga kufesa mizere, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi masentimita 60 pakati pa zomera -. 40 cm mbewu anabzala pa akuya 3-4 masentimita benga pa madzi. Wa mbande akutulukira, amene angathe kukhala angapo (monga dzenje lagona mbewu angapo cholinga cha kumera kungakupatseni), ayenera kukhala chomera wamphamvu kwa ena ayenera kuchotsa.

Pamene chodzala chimanga , mungagwiritse ntchito pipelining njira, ndiko kuti, ambabzala ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana yakucha anabzala pa intervals wa masiku 15. Izi adzakolole mosalekeza onse chilimwe yaitali.

feteleza zomera

Feteleza chimanga ayenera ikuchitika pamaso pa chomera ali masamba asanu. Nthawi imeneyi mukhoza kompositi, manyowa, zimene mullein, nkhuku manyowa. Kuwonjezera kanjira organic anayambitsa mu madzi nitrate mawonekedwe ammonium, superphosphate ndi potashi feteleza.

Kupanda chomera micronutrients chofunika tingaone ndi maonekedwe a chimanga. Pamene stunting ndi tsamba zoonekeratu pallor asafe kuchepa; Ngati mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko zomera anati kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndi m'mbali mwa masamba kukhala wofiirira - kotero chikhalidwe si phosphorous zokwanira. Nthenda mapepala corrugated ndi kusintha mtundu wawo (kuchokera wotumbululuka kuti woderapo) kusonyeza akusowa potaziyamu.

chisamaliro Features

Mutabzala, pamene kukula kwa chimanga pang'onopang'ono, napempha zonyamula kwambiri kumasula ndi Kupalira (pafupifupi 3 zina pa nyengo kukula) kwa mpweya patsogolo nthaka ndi kuchotsa pamwamba chivundikiro dziko. Tima kukula chimanga akuyamba pambuyo maonekedwe a pepala ndi chitatu; mu nthawi ino, phindu tsiku kungakhale 5-6 masentimita Mu mapangidwe mphukira mbali mu chimanga -. laterals - zotsiriza adzafupikitsidwa kotero iwo saletsa ndi kukula cobs achinyamata ndi zomera zikule. The zifukwa mapangidwe mphukira zoipa mbali kungakhale kutentha otsika mu magawo oyambirira zomera kumayambiriro yambiri feteleza ndi ochepa yofesa.

Kuthirira chimanga infrequent ndi lambiri (madzi ayenera kulowa kwa akuya 10-15 cm), chofunika kuchita pa bookmarks kusasitsa ndi achinyamata cobs.