The magawano mwa Mpingo Orthodox ndi zotsatira zake

Mu mbiri ya Russia ndi Russian Orthodox ankaimba yofunika magawano wa atumwi XVII. Zotsatira zake zikugwirizananso ndi zipolowe, kuzunza kwa chipembedzo, kulenga ofera ambiri. Wamphamvu ameneyu pamlingo ndi tanthauzo la lachipembedzo ndale anali nawo maziko ake, popanda kuphunzira samamvetsa zifukwa izi Russian sewero kwambiri. Choyamba, ngakhale chochitika chokhudzana ndi dera la miyambo achipembedzo ndi, makamaka, za mapemphero, iye anali ndi zifukwa zina. Ifenso kusankha ntchito ya Tsar Alexei wa bata ndi mabishopu, Nikon, zikomo kumene zinthu ndale akhala mphamvu ya kugawanika kwa galimoto. Tikumbukenso kuti zifukwa Mpingo ankaimba imeneyi, mbali yaing'ono.

Choncho, ndi chitunda kuti mpando wachiwiri Romanov mafumu a Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, dzina la wa bata, zilakolako ufumu wa Moscow kuchuluka. Mfumu wokondedwa zokhumba kugwirizanitsa pansi phiko lake anthu onse Orthodox wamoyo ku Eastern Europe ndi Balkans. Koma pambuyo adani ndipo analanda dziko la Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine mwadzidzidzi panali vuto khalidwe mwambo. Akhristu ambiri atagonjetsa madera anabatizidwa ndi zala zitatu, monga mmene zinalili mu Greece komanso padziko lonse Orthodox, ndipo awiriwo Russian mtanda. The zolinga za mfumu kukhazikitsa "Rome Chachitatu" adamfunsa logwirizana mwambo. Pamenepa panali zisankho ziwiri: kapena kuti asanene pa anagonjetsa anthu Russian miyambo, kapena okhulupirira anu avomereze Khristu mu njira ina. Choncho magawano - zotsatirapo za ndondomeko wosadziŵa boma pofuna kukhazikitsa Orthodoxy umodzi.

Popeza amalowerera chirichonse, ndipo izo zinali zoopsa m'zigawo kale sanasangalale, mfumu anaganiza "chifukwa chake." Ndipo iye anachita izo amphamvu, "apolisi" mitsuko. Mu 1653 iye anasankhidwa chaka chapitacho mu mabishopu, Russian, Metropolitan Nikon watumiza lamulo, limene unsembe kwambiri categorical Kwalamulidwa anabatizidwa ndi zala zitatu ndi kuika ankagona anayi m'malo sikisitini pa pemphero la Saint Efrema Sirina. Iye m'malo nyimbo monophonic mu polyphonic ndi kulola ansembe kulengeza maulaliki a zikuchokera wake. Choncho, Nikon kusintha ndi mpingo kugawanika inextricably zogwirizana ndi mzake.

Popeza zaluso woyikidwa "kuchokera kumwamba", popanda kufotokoza iliyonse kapena chikhulupiliro kulondola kwa zinthu zoterozo, lamulo anakumana kwambiri aukali kukana, ndi m'zonse strata wa anthu. Ngakhale ena mwa anthu olemekezeka, anthu olemekezeka anamenyera nkhondo retrogression olungama wakale. Akuwauza ndi otsutsa anali m'gulu la atsogoleri achipembedzo, makamaka archpriests Daniel ndi Habakuku. Koma mfumu ndi kholo olimba. Ngakhale mfundo yakuti mu 1658, Nikon anagwa asayanjidwe, ndipo mu 1666 anali kutsitsidwa ku udindo wa mabishopu, kodi sikungawononge kukukulirakulira magawano onse: mu 1667 Great Moscow Synod anathematized amene anakana miyambo yatsopano, ndipo anapitiriza " mwano Mpingo, "kumutsutsa iye wampatuko.

Mawonetseredwe woyamba wosakhutira anali Solovki chiwembu pakati pa anthu ambiri (1667-1676). Izo zinatha ndi kuphedwa kwa chosakhutitsidwa. The magawano shirilsya ndiponso chimakula. Mabanja ambiri othawa chizunzo ndi sanafune kuti akampereke chikhulupiriro chawo, iwo anathawira kunja kwa mzinda wa ufumu Russian - mu m'madambo wa Danube, kumpoto, m'chigawo Volga ndi Siberia, kufalitsa mawu a pakutchulidwa za masiku omaliza, ndipo ufumu wa Wokana Kristu, amene tsopano ali mfumu ndi mabishopu. Alekseya Tishayshego imfa sangathe kusintha zinthu. Sophia Alekseevna omangika yekha chizunzo osamvera Okhulupirira.

The magawano anapeza mawonetseredwe ake koopsa kwambiri misa kudziletsa immolation - otchedwa "amayaka". anthu Akusowa anatenga miyoyo yawo, kuti ankampereke chikhulupiriro. kudzipha amenewa anapitiriza mu zaka XVIII-XIX. Chilombocho kutha kuzunzidwa mphamvu aboma: Lamulo Nicholas II «Ponena kulolera," amene amayenda ufulu wa chipembedzo osafuna kusintha. Ndipo mu 1929, Sinodi Woyera anatengera kusamvana kuti "wakale Russian miyambo komanso ndi labwino."