Nkhani ndi Anton Chekhov "Pamavuto ndi Pamtendere": Analysis An. Zivute zitani - khalidwe la ngwazi

Mu 1883, mu "Mapale" magazini panali nkhani zazing'ono "Pamavuto ndi Pamtendere" ndi Anton Chekhov. Short ndi succinct amanena, kuti ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri. wolemba limalongosola magazini kugonjera ake ndi servility akhala chinthu zotsutsa mu mabuku Russian.

The zikuchokera ndi wokhutira wa (lalifupi)

Zivute zitani, akusukulu kale kusukulu, anakumana ndi mwayi pa siteshoni. Pakutchulidwa Nikolaev sitima ku mzere oyamba (a kukhudzana wothinikizidwa) zikusonyeza kuti ngwazi za nkhaniyo - akuluakulu. Mwatsatanetsatane mafotokozedwe Chekhov satero, koma enieni mfundo luso yomweyo kubweretsa momveka zimene zikuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, kutchula chakuti kwa fungo pakatikati pa "sheri ndi fleur-d'oranzhem" - chizindikiro cha kugwirizana ndi wochenjera - "nyama ndi khofi malo", kumathandiza kudziwa zomwe siteji ya wapamwamba anali mmodzi wa ngwazi wa. Komanso, yotsirizira anali anapachikidwa ndi mabokosi ndi masutikesi - mwina analibe ndalama zoonjezera kapena kumleka ndalama kuti wapakhomo lapansi.

Choyamba chomwe ndinaona ndi chibwenzi kale wandiweyani. limbikani wake zinayang'ana Porphyry amakhala Vuto kanthu. Sanaone kuyambira paubwana ndiponso zimangochitika kuti kukambirana pakati pa awiri womangidwa. A yochepa koma zokwanira owerenga kuzindikira zonse za udindo wofunika kwambiri wa aliyense mwa ophatikidzana nawo.

Kukwaniritsidwa kumakhala pamene woonda amadziwa zimene pamwamba anafika mu moyo wa mnzake. Mike inasanduka "Wolemekezeka", ndi Porphyry poponya kukhala obsequious ndi fawning mwamuna wamng'ono kuti kusanthula zina adzakusonyezani.

Zivute zitani pa kukambirana ndi

Porfiry, adawona mnzanga tili ana, anali chabe kuyembekezera. kale anali anzake anakumbatira ndi atatu "inapsompsona" - wolemba mwadala amagwiritsa mawu apa anakwezedwa kupereka lonse powonekera khalidwe monyogodola.

Ang'ono anali kulankhulalankhula kwambiri ndi odzitamandira anayamba kukambirana za moyo wake. Iye anayambitsa mkazi wake ndi mwana, pamene Natanieli woyamba anaganiza kenako anavula chipewa chake. Iye ananena kuti kwa zaka za utumiki mu ofesi anabwera assessor collegiate. Ndipo likuwapangabe kukagulitsa ndudu zazikulu - ndalama zina kuti malipiro a. Komabe, chimwemwe ndi kusangalala chokumanako anatha panthawi yomweyo, pamene anamva kuti mnzake - "Ndikuganiza kale wamba?" - ankalimbikitsa kuti atamva milandu. Zochenjera pa wotumbululuka woyamba ndipo ankaoneka mantha, kenako utoto pa nkhope ya kumwetulira wodziika, mwina yabwino yoti kukambirana ndi munthu wofunika kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo zimawoneka chazilala, kuyesera kuti akope tcheru kwambiri. Chinthu chomwecho chinachitika ndi wake mfundo banja ndiponso ochuluka makatoni: iwo onse mwadzidzidzi mphwephwa ndi makwinya. Servility, nthawi iliyonse, ndipo aliyense amene anali osachepera pang'ono zofunika kwambiri, anali ponseponse kwa zazing'ono moyo nduna - otere limanena okwana khalidwe Porphyry ndi kuwunika.

Zivute zitani adagawana osati monga anakumana. Atamva milandu, lalifupi ndi chikhulupiriro, koma anasonyeza kukoma mtima, n'chifukwa amafuna kunena chinachake, ndipo, ndiye basi unawasiya mwa kugonjera tiwonana dzanja. N'kusanzidwa kwa kusintha munthu.

A banja lonse anali atapanga mu "daze kosangalatsa."

mu ubwana

Makhalidwe ndi kukumbukira Porphyry pozvolet kuwunika kuwunika. Zivute zitani pamodzi anakhala zaka zingapo ku sekondale. Ngakhale ndiye zoonekeratu ukulu wa zakale, otchedwa Gyrostat - mu Greek wakale ndi dzina lomwelo moto cimodzi za zozizwa za mdziko. Misha komanso anatentha ndudu breech buku - kufuna kuti apambane yonena a m'kalasi.

Woonda dzina la Ephialtes monga nthawi zambiri Wapakamwa. Ndipo dzina ili - wompereka wa Sparta ku Nkhondo ya Thermopylae - anasunga mu mbiri. Zaka zapita, ndipo wina anali munthu wokongola, "pang'ono moyo" ndi zokoma moyo sedately ndi wochuluka. Wina - "Achi-" mphamvu kusangalatsa ndi zaka zambiri ntchito, anakhoza kuwuka kwa Mulingo wa udindo wochepa, tiyeni titenge knighthood. Ndipo tsopano kusiyana abwenzi akale yathera kwambiri, ndi mantha wosatha a mabwana anakakamizika Porphyry kunjenjemera kwa anthu amene ali ndi mphindi zingapo zapitazo anali chabe "ubwana bwenzi".

Njira akuti ndi udindo wa tsatanetsatane

Njira zazikulu zimene amagwiritsa yochepa nkhani "zowawitsa ndi zokoma" Chekhov - ndi otsutsana. Kutchulira a m'nkhaniyi zopezeka zonse, kuphatikizapo mutu: pakutchulidwa zimene aliyense chakudya ulemu ndi kulankhula. Chitsanzo pa nkhani imeneyi woonda. Ngati pachiyambi cha msonkhano ife adzamva kwa iye: "inu", "wokondedwa wanga", "ubwana bwenzi", kenako kamvekedwe wake unasintha kukhala wolemekeza komanso mwaulemu. Pakuti watanthauzo "Wolemekezeka", "awa ambuye-a", "pakuti chisoni ndi cha-ndi", "T-hee hee-," etc. anawonjezera Imani, ngati mwadzidzidzi anayamba kuvutika kulankhula.

Mu gawo lachiwiri la nkhani yofunika kwambiri mu Kuwulura fano ndi ankaimba collegiate assessor fanizo ( "mantha"), poyerekezera ( "... zimawoneka kwa nkhope yake ndi maso ake nsakali"), mwini (bokosi mfundo "mphwephwa grimace"). Choncho nkhaniyo "zowawitsa ndi zokoma" Chekhov satirizes mogonjera wamantha, mwayi wopambana. Ndipo izo zimapangitsa woonda mosalingalira, mwa chizolowezi, si powasamalira mawu a comrade kale: "Chabwino, zokwanira ... Ndipo chimene kamvekedwe?".

Kufunika kokhulupirira mankhwala

malingaliro wachisoni chifukwa wowerenga zili nkhani ndi kuwunika. "Zowawitsa ndi zokoma" - uli chitsanzo cha kudzikonda manyazi kuti munthu angafikire pofuna azimukonda, chonde. Wolemba kwambiri ndi connoisseur kwa moyo wa munthu, AP Chekhov, monga wakhala zaka pafupifupi amatilimbikitsa kuyang'ana tokha ndi ena kotero kuti anthu a potsiriza anamuchotsa makhalidwe kuti akatchinge kukhazikitsidwa ubale wathanzi mtima pakati pa anthu.