The Lost ulendo: zinsinsi ndi zofufuza. Anataya ulendo Dyatlov ndi Franklin

Ulemerero kwa iwo amene sali owopa kusiya ofunda ndi momasuka kunyumba, wochereza alendo tebulo ndipo anapita kudziko lachilendo, kuika miyoyo yawo, ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kudziwa chinsinsi kapena kubweretsa ena Kuzindikira ake.

Komabe, si onse yokopa inatha bwinobwino. Maulendo ambiri anali mosadziwika bwino anataya. Anthu ena sanaone kusamalira kupeza, anapeza zotsalira za ena waunikira zimayambitsa imfa yawo, kupereka masamu kuposa mayankho.

Ambiri a maulendowa chikusowa masiku ano ndi nkhani ya kufufuza, monga maganizo moti zikuvutitsa zinthu zachilendo kwa mofulumira awo.

Pa njira ya otaika Arctic ulendo

Mmodzi wa oyamba mu mndandanda chisoni tchulani Franklin ulendo kutchulidwa. Arctic phunziro anali ngati wochititsa makonzedwe a ulendo mu 1845. Iwo anali kufufuza gawo osadziwika wa chakumadzulo fupi, chimene chili pakati pa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Pacific mu M'madera a zitunda kotentha, kutalika kwa pafupifupi 1670 Km ndi kutsegula lathunthu la zigawo osadziwika kozizira. ulendo The ankapita ndi mkulu wa zombo British - 59 wazaka John Franklin. Mwa nthawi imeneyi anali kale chiwalo cha maulendo atatu kwa Arctic awiri amene anali kupita. John Franklin ulendo ndi mosamalitsa, I kale zinakuchitikiranipo ndi wofufuza kumalo ozizira. Pamodzi ndi adalira, iye zombo "Erebus" ndi "Mantha" (ndi kusamutsidwa matani pafupifupi 378 ndipo matani 331 ankalemekeza) tidapita ku English doko Grinhayt 19 May.

Mbiri ya anataya Franklin ulendo

zombo onse anali okonzeka ndi kusinthidwa kwa navigation mu ayezi, kwambiri chaperekedwa kwa mayiko ndi chitonthozo cha anthu ogwira ntchito. Gwirani anali yodzaza ndi chakudya lalikulu la chakudya cha zaka zitatu. Masikono, ufa, mchere nkhumba ndi ng'ombe, zamzitini nyama, m'matangadza a mandimu ndi chiseyeye - onse amayezedwa matani. Koma, monga anatulukira kenako, zakudya zamzitini, lomwe ndi wotchipa ulendo kuyika oipa sewerolo Stephen Goldner, anali wa khalidwe osauka ndipo pa kopanda ofufuza ena, anali mmodzi wa zimayambitsa imfa za oyendetsa ambiri ku Franklin ulendo.

M'chaka cha 1845, achibale a anthu ogwira ntchito akalata ochepa. Mu kalata anatumiza Osmer, kosati ndi "Erebus", anati kwa akhala akuyembekezera kubwerera kwawo mu 1846. Mu 1845, atsogoleri a zombo whaling ndi Robert Martin Dunnett za msonkhano ndi zombo ziwiri za ulendo wa amangoyembekezera chikhale ndi kuwoloka Khwalala ya Lancaster. Atsogoleri anali ku Ulaya yomaliza kuona moyo Dzhona Franklina ndi ulendo wake. Mu zaka wotsatira, 1846 ndi 1847 nkhani iliyonse kuchokera ulendo wa zalembedwa oposa 129 anthu ake adachoka kalekale.

kusaka

Woyamba gulu kufufuza pa njira ya ngalawa akusowa anatumidwa ndi mkazi wake Dzhona Franklina yekha mu 1848 Kuwonjezera zombo za Admiralty kufuna wofufuza wotchuka mu 1850, limodzi ndi achipani cha ziwiya khumi ndi zitatu: khumi a iwo a Britain ndi awiri - America.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi yaitali kulimbikira kufufuza squads ndapeza ena kuda ulendo wa: manda atatu a panyanjawa akufa, zitini kuwasindikiza Goldner. Kenako mu 1854, John Mwanza, Chingerezi sing'anga ndi wapaulendo, kuda mamembala a maulendowa pa dera la masiku ano anapezeka zigawo Canada Nunavut. Malinga ndi Eskimos, anthu amene anabwera m'kamwa mwa mtsinje Bac, njala, ndi mwa iwo anali milandu kudya.

Mu 1857, mkazi wa Franklin pambuyo n'kopanda phindu kuyesa kukopa boma kutumiza kufufuza gulu lina yokha amatumiza kukaona kupeza nthawi zina kuda mwamuna wake anataya. Okwana pofunafuna Dzhona Franklina ndi gulu lake anapezeka 39 kumalo ozizira Maulendo, ena mwa iwo anapangidwa pa ndalama mkazi wake. Mu 1859, mamembala a ulendo wina kutsogoleredwa ndi wapolisi, William Hobson, zinalembedwa uthenga za imfa ya Dzhona Franklina June 11, 1847 mu piramidi wa miyala.

Zimayambitsa imfa ya Franklin ulendo

Zaka 150 yaitali wosadziwika, kuti "Erebus" ndi "Mantha" anali odzaza ndi ayezi, ndi timu, kuti achoke chombo, kuyesera kukwaniritsa lina la ku Canada, koma opweteka Arctic chilengedwe ayenera kupulumuka palibe wina kumanzere.

Masiku ano, mtima John Franklin ndi ulendo wake ouziridwa ojambula zithunzi, olemba, olemba script kulenga ntchito kuti ndikuuzeni za moyo mwawo.

Zinsinsi za nayonso Siberia

Zinsinsi za Lost ulendo sichitha kuti kutsegulanso maganizo a m'nthawi yathu. Masiku ano mwapang'onopang'ono nthawi pamene munthu analowa mu mlengalenga, ndinayang'ana mu kuya kwa nyanja, iye anaulura chinsinsi cha phata atomiki, kukhala osadziŵika, zinthu zambiri zachinsinsi zimene zimachitika kwa munthu pansi. zinsinsi izi ndi zina mwa maulendowa akusowa mu USSR, kwachinsinsi ambiri a iwo ndi alendo Dyatlov.

The gawo lalikulu la dziko lathu, ndi Siberia nayonso ake enigmatic, wakale mapiri Ural, nagawira Africa pawiri la dziko, nkhani zambiri chuma chobisika m'chikondi cha mwa dziko lapansi, wakhala anakopeka maganizo chidwi ofufuza. Akusowa ulendo mu m'dera limeneli - gawo zomvetsa chisoni m'mbiri yathu. Ziribe kanthu momwe boma la Soviet anayesa kubisa kapena gloss pa tsoka, za ochuluka monga magulu anawonongeka, mphekesera kusonkhanitsa ndi nthano tingaganize kufika anthu.

zinthu osadziŵika imfa Igorya Dyatlova ndi ulendo wake

Ndi dzina la phiri Holat-Sjahyl (omwe anamasuliridwa kuti "Phiri la Akufa") ili kumpoto Urals, izo chikugwirizana wina sanathetsedwe chinsinsi zokhudzana maulendowa akusowa mu USSR. Okhala m'madera amenewa mitundu Mansi mwadala anapatsidwa lokwera ndi dzina oopsa akuti: maulendo apa ambiri kwathunthu anali atasowa kapena kuphedwa pa zifukwa zosadziwika, anthu kapena gulu la anthu (zambiri wopangidwa mwa anthu 9). Osadziŵika tsoka chinachitika pa phiri usiku kuchokera 1 mpaka February 2 1959.

Ndipo nkhani zimenezi anayamba ndi chakuti pa January 23 ndi detachment wa naini Sverdlovsk alendo, anatsogolera Igorem Dyatlovym, anapita anakonza ski kulumpha, zovuta zomwe a gulu Kumwambamwamba, ndi utali anali makilomita 330. Kachiwiri, naini! Kodi mwamwayi kapena zikukhalira amapha? Ndithudi, 22-day ulendo poyamba ankayenera kupita anthu 11, koma mmodzi wa iwo zifukwa zabwino anakana pachiyambi, ndi zina, Yury Yudin, n'kukamanga msasa, koma anadwala ndipo anabwerera kwawo panjira. Iwo anapulumutsa moyo wake.

The zikuchokera komaliza kwa gulu, ophunzira asanu, amishonale atatu a Ural Polytechnic Institute, Mlangizi msasa malo. Mamembala asanu ndi anayi - atsikana awiri. Onse alendo ulendo skiers anali odziwa ndi zinakuchitikiranipo akukhala m'nyumba kwambiri.

Cholinga kuti anali lokwera skiers Otorten kuti chenjezo "sitipita kumeneko" latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chinenero Mansi. Asadandaule kwambiri fated February usiku kumuwombera okonzeka msasa wina wa otsetsereka Holat-Sjahyl; pamwamba pa phiri anali kwa iye pa mtunda wa mamita mazana atatu, ndi phiri Otorten - 10 Km. Madzulo, pamene gulu anali kukonzekera chakudya, ndipo ukugwira kulembetsa wa nyuzipepala "Madzulo Otorten" panali chinachake zosamvetsetseka ndi mantha. Kodi akhoza mantha ana ndi chifukwa iwo anathaŵa pochita mantha kuchokera mkati mwa odulidwa pa hema, izo sizikumveka lero. Pa kufufuza izo anapezeka kuti malo anasiya chihema mofulumira, ena alibe ngakhale nthawi kuvala nsapato.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachitikira maulendowa Dyatlov?

Pa nthawi yoikidwiratu gulu la skiers si anabwerera, osati unaonekera. Achibale a ana anakweza Alamu. Anayamba funsani masukulu, kumsasa, ndi apolisi, napempha kuyamba kufufuza ntchito.

February 20, pamene zinapita nthawi amayembekezera chimango, malangizo Polytechnic Institute, gulu loyamba muzosaka za chosowacho ulendo Dyatlov watumidwa. Posachedwa kutsata ndi magulu ena kukhala apolisi ndi nyumba asilikali. Only tsiku makumi awiri ndi lachisanu la kusaka anabweretsa zotsatira: hema anapezeka, kudula pambali, izo - chinthu pristine, ndipo sadali kutali ndi malawi malo - matupi a anthu asanu amene amafa anali chifukwa cha hypothermia. alendo onse anakumbatirana kukamenyana ndi malo ozizira, mmodzi wa iwo choipa mutu chinalembedwa. Mu awiri - zizindikiro za epistaxis. Chifukwa kuthamangitsidwa hema nsapato ndi anthu scantily atavala sanathe kapena sanafune kwa izo? funso adakali chinsinsi lero.

Patapita miyezi ingapo kufufuza pa gombe achisanu a mtsinje Lozvy anayi mitembo anapezeka mamembala a ulendo wa. Aliyense fractures nthambi anapezeka, ndiponso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, khungu anali lalanje ndi chibakuwa. Mtembo wa mtsikana zopezeka mu malo chachilendo - iye anagwada pa madzi, ndipo analibe lilime.

Kenako, gulu lonse anaikidwa Sverdlovsk pa Michael manda ku manda oikamo, ndi malo a imfa awo imaonekera ndi chikwangwani ndi mayina a akufa ndi kukuwa mawu akuti "Panali naini." Invictus Gulu Pass wakhala ikutchedwa Dyatlov Pass.

Mafunso popanda mayankho

Kodi chinachitika kwa ulendo Dyatlov? Padakali pali kokha Mabaibulo angapo ndi maganizo. Akatswiri ena amachititsa imfa ya UFO kumuwombera ndi monga umboni tamutchula pakuona za maonekedwe a usiku pa Phiri la Akufa fireballs chikasu. State siteshoni nyengo komanso olembedwa wosadziwika "zinthu ozungulira" m'dera la imfa ya kumuwombera yaing'ono.

Mu buku lina la anyamata anapita wakale Aryan chuma mobisa, zimene waphedwa ndi ndizo ake.

Pali Mabaibulo amene Dyatlova chosowacho ulendo anafa mogwirizana ndi chiyesedwe cha zida zosiyanasiyana (kuchokera nyukiliya kuti zingalowe), ndi poyizoni mowa, ndi kukankha kwa mphezi mpira, ndi kuukira kwa chimbalangondo ndi snowman, ndi zigumukire.

Baibulo boma

Mu May 1959 izo zinapangidwa omaliza nduna za imfa Dyatlova ulendo. Izi zikusonyeza chifukwa chake: a mtundu wa mphamvu ya chilengedwe, ndiko kugonjetsa anyamata sakanakhoza. Makamaka anali sanapeze. Ndi kusankha Mlembi Choyamba Kirilenko, choncho chinatsekedwa mosamalitsa wachinsinsi ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Archive ndi malangizo osati kuwononga mpaka dongosolo lapadera.

Patatha zaka 25 yosungirako, onse chatsekedwa waswa malamulo anawonongedwa. Komabe, "Izo Dyatlova" kumapeto kwa nyengo ya malire ndi kukhala atagona pa maalumali yafumbi.

Akusowa bwalo "Saint Anna"

Mu 1912, bwalo "Saint Anna" anayamba kupalasa kuzungulira Scandinavia Peninsula ndi mbisoweka. 2 Only Patapita zaka ife kubwerera ku kumtunda V.Albanov kuyenda panyanja ndipo woyendetsa pa nyanja A.Kondar. Last anachoka ku yekha zimenezi, iye udasintha modabwitsa mtundu wa ntchito ndipo konse ndi aliyense mukufuna kuti mukambirane zimene zimachitika ndi bwalo la. Albani Komano, ananena kuti dzinja 1912 "Saint Anna" atapanga mu ayezi, ndipo anavutika mu Ocean Arctic. Mu January 1914 anthu 14 ochokera mkulu timu Brusilov chilolezo kupita kumtunda ndi paokha kuti chitukuko. Panjira 12 aphedwe. Albanov anayamba namondwe wa ntchito, kuyesa kuwupanga bungwe kufufuza icebound bwalo. Komabe, ngalawayo Brusilov anali sanapeze.

Other chosowacho ulendo

Ambiri kuwameza Arctic: aeronauts kutsogoleredwa ndi Swedish wasayansi Salomona Andre, Kara ulendo pansi Rusanov, gulu Scott.

Other akusowa ulendo wa atumwi 20 zokhudzana ndi mavuto osaneneka ndi chinsisi cha imfa ya Golden City paititi ofuna mu nkhalango lalikulu la Amazon. Pakuti kuthetsa chinsinsi ichi 3 Maulendo sayansi inakonzedwa mu 1925 - pansi pa utsogoleri wa yoyeza asilikali a Britain ndi Forseti mu 1972 - timu Franco-British a Bob Nichols, ndipo mu 1997 - maulendowa la Norway KATSWIRI Havksholla. Onse a iwo mbisoweka popanda sanachite. Makamaka kukwapula mofulumira mu 1997, pamene zipangizo luso ulendo unali pa mlingo wapamwamba. Sanapeze! Local amanena kuti aliyense amene akuyembekezera Golden City lidzawonongedwa Uachipayri fuko - Amwenye, amene asunga chinsinsi cha mzinda.

Anataya ulendo ... Chinachake chachinsinsi ndi mabodza yolakwika mu mawu awa. Maulendo awa sizinkayendera kunja ndipo anatumiza vuto kapena kufotokozera dziko ena chinsinsi, koma mofulumira awo anakhala pa m'nthawi ndi ana chinsinsi chosadziŵika.