The dielectrics m'munda magetsi

The dielectrics mu magetsi kumunda kuchita malinga ndi dongosolo lawo mkati. Iwo akutchedwanso si ochititsa, popeza kuti, monga amadziwika, ali zinthu zomwe si kuti zayamba kuchititsa magetsi. Iwo mulibe ufulu mlandu zonyamulira amene adzakhala angathe kusamukira mkati dielectric izi.

Molekyulu - ndi tinthu zing'onozing'ono nkhani lofotokozabe ake katundu mankhwala. Iye, nayenso ali yokha wapangidwa maatomu ndi phata ndithu mlandu ma elekitironi zoipa mlandu. Molekyulu wonse salowerera. Monga chiphunzitso covalent nsinga anapanga m'menemo awiriawiri chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa ma elekitironi kukhala wamba kaphatikizidwe ma atomu, mamolekyu wokhazikika.

Pakuti mtundu uliwonse wa woyang'anira - zabwino (pakati) ndi zoipa (ma elekitironi) - pali mfundo, amene, monga "malo yokoka" awo (magetsi). Mfundo zimatchedwa mitengo yonyamulira ya molekyulu ndi. Mu nkhani kuti molekyulu malo magetsi yokoka milandu zosiyana: zabwino ndi zoipa - izo nonpolar (opanda mphindi dipole).

Kapangidwe ka molekyulu ndi akhoza kukhala asymmetric Mwachitsanzo, sipangakhale awiri yosiyana atomu, ndiye kumlingo kuchepetsa lizisunga wamba awiri ma elekitironi kwa mmodzi wa ma atomu. Mwachionekere, nkhani iyi, likamaomba milandu zosiyana (zabwino ndi zoipa) mwa kutsogolera molekyulu kuti mismatch malo awo magetsi yokoka. Molekyulu chifukwa amatchedwa kumalo ozizira kapena kukhala dipole mphindi.

Chuma chachikulu cha dielectrics ndi luso lawo polarize.
Dielectrics ndi magetsi kumunda magetsi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maatomu awo, ma elekitironi anayamba kusunthira pamodzi m'mipita elongated. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ena pamwamba ndi zoipa mlandu, ena - ndithu. Choncho, minda magetsi mu dielectric amene ankalemekeza otchedwa mkati. Ndiko minda magetsi bwanji dielectrics imodzi (mkati ndi kunja) yomwe mu nkhani iyi ndi oppositely anawauza.

The chotsatira munda magetsi ali ndi mphamvu wofanana ndi kusiyana intensities minda ikuluikulu ndi ang'onoang'ono. Tikumbukenso kuti munda mphamvu mu insulator ndi, mosaganizira za mtundu wake, ndi zonse zosakwana munda kunja magetsi yomwe imameretsa kugawanika ake.

Mphamvu ya kugawanika ndi zogwirizana mwachindunji kwa permittivity wa dielectric lapansi. Zing'onozing'ono ndi, chindichepere intensively amapezeka ndi kugawanika dielectric ndi mphamvu za m'munda magetsi m'menemo.

milandu kuoneka osati padziko komanso malekezero dielectric, koma kusintha pamene anakumana ndi elekitirodi ndi kosatheka, chifukwa insulator ndi chidwi ndi elekitirodi ndi mphamvu Coulomb.

The dielectrics m'munda magetsi ngati wamphamvu ndipo n'zotheka kuonjezera kukula, pa mfundo zina adzaswa mphamvu, i.e. adzaswa kutali ndi ma elekitironi atomiki. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti ionization ndondomeko dielectrics, kotero kuti iwo akhale ochititsa.

Ukulu wa kumunda zakunja imbaenda kusokonezeka dielectric, umatchedwa kuwonongedwa voteji. A lolingana malire voteji pa zimene insulator yopuma - kusokonezeka voteji. dzina lina amadziwika malire nkhawa - mphamvu dielectric.

Tikumbukenso kuti yekha dielectrics m'munda magetsi ndi munda mkati zomwe zayamba Mwamsanga pamene kunja kuchotsedwa.