The Abbey wa Saint-Denis: history, maonekedwe, chithunzi

The Abbey wa Saint-Denis zambiri osati m'gulu muyezo pulogalamu alendo ulendowu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kuti ili mu mzinda wa Paris ovutika kwambiri. Koma malo awa ndiwo wa mtengo wapatali mbiri chake, ndithudi wokwanira ulendo.

Bakuman chilengedwe Abbey

Chiyambi cha dzina la Saint-Denis amagwirizana ndi nthanthi ya Dionisiyo - bishopu woyamba wa Paris ndi woyang'anira woyera wa France. Monga momwe nkhaniyi ikupitirira, iye anatumizidwa kudera Pantifikom osapembedza chithandizo galliytsev chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu. Iye anaphedwa Montmartre nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Valerian: mutu. Komabe, thupi la St. Dionisiyo anadza kwa mutu wake, anatenga ake m'manja mwace pomwe panali akadali pafupi asanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri makilomita kumpoto chakumadzulo. Kenako anagwada pafupi ndi kuthetsa laling'ono, limene pambuyo pake dzina lake: Saint-Denis. nkhani zimenezi zinachitika akutali 258 AD. Kufikira tsopano lino, zithunzi za St. Dionisiyo akuonetsedwa atagwira mutu wake mu manja ake.

Manda a Dionisiyo wa Paris, ngakhale yeniyeni pamwamba kumanda, m'chaka cha 475 inamangidwa ndi dalitso la Saint Genevieve mpingo wa agulupa ya Saint-Denis. Pa nthawi linaikidwa pa manda Gallo-Roma. Ndipo mu VII atumwi ndi dongosolo la wozungulira Mfumu Dagobert Choyamba anamangidwira Abbey. Bwanamkubwa yekha akufuna m'manda pano. The Abbey anaikidwa m'manda a mafumu onse a France: mafumu ndi mfumukazi, akalonga ndi mafumu. Data pa chiwerengero cha anthu a maliro apamwamba mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana, chifukwa si onse anasunga m'manda. manda ambiri zinawonongedwa.

Gothic kalembedwe amatenga mizu yake apa

Mpingo wa St Dionisiyo anali ankamangidwanso kangapo: m'nthawi ya chiwiri ndi chilengedwe cha obisika pa ulamuliro wa Pepin Short. M'zaka za m'ma XII ndi Abbey wakhala otchuka kwambiri ndi wamphamvu France. Choncho, anaganiza kukula ndi yomanga nyumba yatsopano. Izi kukhazikitsanso zikuluzikulu ali anapezerapo Abbot Suger - ŵakusanga ndipo kwambiri m'zachipembedzo wa mbadwo wake, ndi wapaulendo. Ake anayamikira, kumvetsera kwa izo mafumu angapo French (mwachitsanzo, Louis wachinayi ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri Louis).

Ganizo kukhazikitsanso anali kusonyeza kuchuluka kulemera kwa France komanso chikhalidwe chake mu Europe, ndi kuzungulira dziko. Kumangidwa kwa zaka zopitirira khumi. Abbot ankafuna kuti tione pachiyambi. Choncho chifukwa cha kusanganikirana miyambo mapulani akavalidwe adanyamuka kalembedwe Gothic: aloyi Burgundy ndi masitaelo Romanesque. Ndipo milimo woyamba anamangidwa mu kalembedwe Gothic, anali Abbey mpingo wa Saint-Denis.

Suger, wazomangamanga ndi Kulenga kwa mazenera mkulu-papezeka galasi zosonyeza nkhani za m'Baibulo, "papezeka galasi anauka" pamwamba pa khomo, ndinakhala zokongoletsa za Abbey ku. Mpingo wa Saint-Denis anapitiriza kubwezeretsedwa, ndipo atafa Abbot Suger. Patapita zaka zambiri, izo nthawizonse chinachake chimene chasintha, kotero lero ulemerero wa zaka yafika yekha mu gawo.

Manda a mafumu a France

Mu XIII atumwi, Louis IX, analamula kulanda ufulu onse m'manda a mafumu ake dera la Abbey. mpingo linayamba komanso kutumikira monga manda a mafumu a France.

Pa tombstones kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana inamva ngati anasintha ndipo anayamba maliro luso zaka zosiyana. Part wa slabs ndi zipilala adakonzeka ndi ziboliboli, zithunzi za mafumu akugona (ndi zina mwa atumwi akhumi), ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano tombstones chokongoletsedwa ndi nyimbo kale ndi chiyembekezo chakuti akufa adzauka.

The Abbey wa Saint-Denis mu masiku a utasintha mu France

Zaka mazana nkhondo, Huguenot nkhondo zingawonongeka kwambiri kwa zomangamanga a Abbey, koma m'manda zowawa makamaka pa French kuukira boma. Mapulusa a autocrat anali mwazisiya m'dzenje ndi m'manda, ambiri zasungidwa pa dera la zosemasema zinachotsedwa kapena anataya.

Kunanenedwa kuti boma kuonetsa thupi la King Louis wachinayi. Kwa kanthawi, aliyense akhoza ndipo tione mtembo wa. Ena mwa mitembo Wakhadzulidwa, spaced kunyumba necrophilia ndi kugulitsa.

Tsamba ili wakuda wa mbiri ya Abbey wa Saint-Denis watha. The tchalitchi yonseyo ndi dongosolo la National Assembly, koma panthawi otsiriza chinathetsedwa.

Mu 1814, ataunjikidwa mu "misa manda" mafumu zakale anali anakumba, pamodzi ndi crypt mu assuary. Ndipo mu 1869, chokha tchalitchi Abbey wa Saint-Denis linakhalanso ndi chidwi French wamanga Viollet-Le-Duc, amene anabwezeretsedwa osati wina chipilala chachikulu. Anagwira Mwachitsanzo, chachikulu cha Notre-Dame Du Mont-Saint-Michel ndi ena. M'zaka XVII Saint-Denis anali kachiwiri ntchito ngati manda chifukwa korona.

Manda mwambo wa Mfumu

M'zaka za m'ma XVII, monga mwa chiphunzitso malamulo French, mfumu ayenera kukhala wosafa. Ndi kwambiri zikutsindika ambiri miyambo m'manda. Mfumu anali ndi chofunikira wapawiri: munthu ndi wodzozedwa wa Ambuye. Mwachitsanzo, maliro a Mfumu Henry wachinayi unatenga masiku makumi anai. The zamkati mwa mfumu anachotsa pambuyo m'manda mu Abbey wa Saint-Denis yekha ndi wopanda mwambo. A mtima woyera, anaumirira mowa ndi makutu, kulidzoza ndi zitsamba mu kansalu, ndiyeno mu bokosi patsogolo, amene anaikidwa kale mu bokosi siliva. Mafumu mitima anali kusungidwa mu malo osiyana. Iwo Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri chifukwa ndi mtima, tichotseretu kwa France. thupi anakonzedwa, aike padera. Iwo anapanga udzu effigy mfumu Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo sanakhale ndi moyo pambuyo utasintha French. Effigy a Henry IV kutsatira miyambo wapadera moyo mfumu mochuluka monga masiku 10.

Mu Saint-Denis, onse regalia achifumu limodzi thupi anakonzedwa mpaka pamapeto: chizindikiro kutchula mawu wachifumu kusintha kwa dzanja watsopano.

Mfumu akufa ... Long moyo mfumu!

Pambuyo mawuwa regalia mfumu posachedwapa kutsatira Reims kwa coronation lapansi.

Kutanthauza Saint Denis

Kuyambira XI-XII zaka Abbey anali kulemera kwakukulu mu France sikuti anaika mafumu, koma Amlowam'malo anaphunzitsanso ndi korona mfumukazi. Abbey wa Saint-Denis anatsogolera ntchito yophunzitsa Zapakati, amonke chinkhoswe mu chikondi: panali chipatala, unamwino kunyumba ndi ana amasiye.

Tchalitchi Abbey lili ndi tanthauzo mapulani: ndi gwero la chitukuko cha kalembedwe Gothic, izo amabadwa othimbirira galasi luso.

Necropolis wa Saint-Denis, France, amasonyeza chitukuko cha miyambo ya maliro ndi chipilala wapadera, gravestone kubala 51.

Mu 2004 apa anaikidwa mtima wa Louis XVII, mwana Marii Antuanetty, amene, ngakhale malamulo, koma anamuzindikira monga mfumu m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku United States.

Momwe kuti Abbey ku

Ndi tchalitchi mudzakhala chakhumi ndi chitatu mzere wa Paris okwerera sitima. Lekani otchedwa Basilique St Denis motsogozedwa chomera mmphepete.

Mukhozanso ntchito mkulu-liwiro sitima (Paris ndi acronym RER), mzere D, malo otchedwa: Saint Denis.

The mode zikugwira ntchito za tchalitchi

Mu gawo prialtarnuyu wa mpingo akhoza kufika kwaulere. Kuyambira pano mutha kuona manda kudzera mipiringidzo. Tchalitchi ndi lotseguka kwa alendo pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kupatula pamene pali maliro kapena ukwati. Khomo la necropolis mlandu, ndi kumanja kwa Cathedral wa Saint-Denis. Photo mkati choletsedwa.

Palibe chochitika mu mbiri ya France sanathe kwathunthu kuwononga manda a mafumu aakulu, chipilala cha chikhalidwe French, umboni kusintha nthawi ndi zikhalidwe. Pa mlendo ndithu kubala chidwi Gothic tchalitchi zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso othimbirira galasi katswiri komanso nthawi yosiyana tombstones kalembedwe kuchokera Mibadwo ya Mdima kuuzira chiyembekezo kuuka ndi moyo wosatha wa zipilala za Kubadwa Kwatsopano.