Terms of kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi kalembedwe

Mneni, nthawi zambiri amachitira monga mkhalidwe chiganizo kokha mbali palokha wa kulankhula. Akuimira kuchita kapena boma la nkhaniyi. Spring akubwera, kutentha amanyamula.

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau malamulo

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau onse ndi koyamba (infinitive, yosatha) mawonekedwe. Kusiyanitsa zingakhale kumapeto kwa -t, -tsya, monga mawu awa funsolo "chochita", "zoyenera kuchita". pempholo zambiri amachita mkhalidwe kapena gawo zace, ndi nkhani, koma angachichite udindo wa anthu ena.

Tikufuna kuona mabuku atsopano.

Onani - penyani moyo uno.

Ankakonda kuyang'ana pa nyenyezi.

Ngati mneni akhoza kufunsa funso "chochita", akutchula mawonekedwe wangwiro (wokondwa kukhala chete). Pamene munthu angathe kumufunsa "chochita" - ndi mneni ungwiro (anali wokondwa kukhala chete). Nthawi zina palinso dvuvidovye kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, iwo angavomereze mmodzi, ndiye kuti mitundu ina, malinga ndi nkhani yake.

Pofufuza chapansi dzulo. (Wangwiro mawonekedwe).

Ine kale kuphunzira m'chipinda chapansi. (The mawonekedwe ungwiro).

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Reflexive zikutanthauza kanthu yomwe imalozera yokha. Iwo anapanga ntchito suffixes -sya, -tsya (play, kuluma). Unrecoverable otchedwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ena onse (play, kuluma).

Predicates polumikiza ziwalo zina mwa maganizodwe mu mawonekedwe a accusative popanda anawagwiritsira ndi, amanena transitive mneni (kusamba chikho, itanani mayi). Mu gulu la kusintha ndi amene sangathe pamodzi popanda mbali zina za mawu (ntchentche, bodza). gulu ili mulinso kasewenzetsedwe ka mau onse a kubweranso mawonekedwe (kusamba, kuyeretsa).

kalembedwe wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

The maganizo pa malamulo a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, iwo akhoza zikugwirizanirana lokhala wosasangalala atatu. Mu mawonekedwe a zimasonyeza - kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zikhoza kusintha nthawi (moyo, ife moyo, tikhalira), manambala (kusamba, wosambitsa), anthu (Ine ndikubwereza, inu kubwereza izo akubwereza). Pamene akuchita chinthu ayenera kutsatira malamulo predicates amenewa ndi makonzedwe (ngati zonse yabwino, ndingakonde anayenda). mawonekedwe Izi zimapangidwa kuti particles, b (anayang'ana izo zikanakhala, kodi b) ndi zingasiyane pobereka ndi manambala. Yapadera cholembedwa ndi imperious mawonekedwe predicates, zomwe zingachititse, kupangira, akayitane kanthu (Bwerani kwa ine!). Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau maganizo amenewa akhoza kusintha mu nkhope ndi manambala.

Mu malamulo a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zinachitika kale iwo akutanthauza kale / ndi kanthu (Ine ndagula zinthu). Komanso, iwo sangakhoze kusintha mawonekedwe munthu. Kuti mkhalidwe nthawi ino n'zotheka mmalo funso "Kodi" (Iye akugula zinthu.). Wangwiro kasewenzetsedwe ka mau si ntchito pakali pano. Malamulo tsogolo yomangika kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi mitundu iwiri: chigawo chimodzi (ndi mawu zina zidzakhala) ndi chosavuta (single mawu). Choncho, tizimufunsa mafunso osiyana: "Kodi kuchita" (Inu nokha kugula zinthu.); "Kodi inu muchita" (Iwe udzakhala kugula zinthu ndekha).

kusintha kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Predicates kusintha munthu ndi chiwerengero anafotokoza chifukwa conjugations awo. Iwo amangoona mu mawonekedwe zimasonyeza, ndipo ndithudi mwa mawu a nthawi panopa kapena mtsogolo.

Kupanga kasewenzetsedwe ka mau munthu mmodzi tisandulika motere:

• 1 munthu - ndimatsegula. Ndimakukondani.
• 2 nkhope - mutsegule. Mumakonda.
• 3 Munthu - atsegula. Iye amakonda.

Kupanga mochulukitsa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau munthu wasinthika motere:

• 1 munthu - Ife Muolowetsa. Timawakonda.
• 2 nkhope - mutsegule. Mumakonda.
• 3 nkhope - Iwo kutsegula. Iwo amakukondani.

Ngati nkotheka mathero munthu atapanikizika, mtundu wa conjugation zingadziŵike motere:

• -e unasintha Y (TH) - 1 conjugation kuonera-wotchi;
• m kusintha m (s) - 2-conjugation mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa foni.

Nthawi zina suffix amasonyeza mawonekedwe koyamba conjugation:

• S 2 conjugation (kukhala) (utoto) ndi kuchotserapo wapadera;
• 1 zikuphatikizapo conjugation otsala kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu kutanthauza (kukhala) -th (kuti), Y (kukhala) -e (kukhala) m (zisanu) -o (zisanu) (mukufuna kudziwa);
• 4 ndi mawu-kupatulapo: kukhala kukupiza, zikhale zochokera, kuti amete ndi kugona ndi mwaphunzirazi.

Mawu opanda suffixes awa - moyo kugunda.

Palinso kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kuti kusintha ngati conjugation woyamba, ndipo wachiwiri.

U nambala:

• 1 munthu - Ine ndikuthamangitsa. Ndikufuna.
• 2 nkhope - inu kuthamanga. Mukufuna.
• 3 Munthu - iye adzathamanga. Iye akufuna.

MN. nambala:

• 1 munthu - Ife kuthamanga. Ife tikufuna.
• 2 nkhope - mudzathaŵa. Mukufuna.
• 3 Munthu - iwo kuthawa. Iwo amafuna.

Mneni-mbandakucha kuchotserapo pali 3 yekha mawonekedwe nkhope pansi pa chimodzi kapena ochulukitsa (zolimbikitsa - brezzhat).

Mawu kuti ndi kupereka ndi ena ofanana awo ndi kuchotserapo ndi kupanga wapadera munthu mawonekedwe.

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau chabe

Places kudutsa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau chabe. Awa ndi mawu kutanthauza mawu chabe, amene akutenga malo opanda nawo nkhani (Mgonero, analamula).

Mbali yaikulu, mungathe kudziwa zolondola mneni impersonality ndi wosasinthika zake manambala ndi nkhope. Nthawi zambiri, awa a mitundu kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kutumikira monga predicates ziganizo yosavuta kumva-limapereka. Pakadali pano mitundu yomangika ntchito monga munthu 3 ndi okhawo mmodzi, koma m'mbuyomu - monga mmodzi ndi neuter.

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau wamba nthawi zina m'malo chabe, ngati amaoneka ngati umodzi mkhalidwe chiweruzo.

• Thambo zidawala - mneni munthu.
• Kunja pa zenera ayerera - yosaoneka.

A malamulo ochepa zofunika

Yoyenera kalembedwe ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mavawelo pano mitundu pano, kapena tsogolo yosavuta zimadalira conjugation:

- 1, conjugation - lidalembedwa kutsekedwa -e -y (TH) amaiwala kuiwala;

- 2 conjugation - zofunika kuika mapeto a m, ndi m (s) utoto, utoto.

• Pakuti kuyesetsa chachiwiri conjugations munthu wa mawu awiri onsewa ntchito suffix m (ife tipite kwathu - apite kunyumba ..);
• Mu nkhani ya nthawi yapita: pamaso pa suffix kuika -n kalata mofanana infinitive pamaso -t (utoto - kupenta, mluzu - malikhweru);
• Ngati pali obes- / obez-: chosakhalitsa - olembedwa -and- suffix (? Anapereka "Ndani" "Kodi"); intransitive - ntchito -e- (nkhawa);
• Amaundana, oledenet, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau okrovenit ndi monga, anapanga kuchokera nauni, za mawu -e- zalembedwa pambuyo muzu (mu suffix wa mneni);
• The infinitive, mu nkhani ya njira zakale, olembedwa -ova-, -eva-, ngati yomweyo, pamene pano, amusankha kapena zophweka tsogolo inkakambidwa ndi mmodzi, mawonekedwe a kulemba ndi munthu woyamba suffix -y (u) TH (TH ) (taphunzira - alternating, likagonjetsa - adzagonjetsa).

Ngati kusinthana zimachokeradi, ntchito suffix -yva-, -iva-; (Kachiwiri - muwerengenso, kuti reshape - redraw).

Ngati pali kuchotsa -vat, -vayu unstressed ndi suffix -va-, ndiye malinga ndi malamulo a chinenero cha Chirasha patsogolo pa mneni suffix walembedwa kalata yemweyo kuti mu mawonekedwe koyamba (kwa madzi - kuthirira -polivayu).

Pomaliza

Awa ndi pang'ono malamulo osavuta komanso zitsanzo tizikumbukira momwe ntchito kasewenzetsedwe ka mau polemba. Kumene kuphunzira malamulo onse ndipo kuchotserapo, zochuluka mozama kafukufuku. Komabe, kulemba zambiri kapena zochepa kumveka mawu, samadzinenera kuti buku la magazini ndi nyuzipepala, zidzakhala zokwanira.