Sungani makapu amadzimadzi a zomera, gawo lake m'moyo

Imodzi mwa njira zotetezera zomera ndi zinyama kuchokera ku zovuta zina zinali kusungira zakudya zosungira. Njira yabwino kwambiri panthawi ya kudya kosakwanira kwa zakudya kuchokera kunja.

Moyo wamoyo pa dziko lapansili uli ndi kabasi, yomwe inakonzeratu kuti "zamoyo" za padziko lapansi.

"Chemistry" ya zomera

Zamoyo zamoyozi zatulukira mitundu yambiri yofunikira ya zinthu, monga mapuloteni, chakudya ndi mafuta. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi udindo wake.

Mapuloteni (peptides, polypeptides) m'maselo a zomera amapanga zovuta zambiri, imodzi mwa izo ndi photosynthetic.

Pamodzi ndi izi, ndi puloteni yomwe imanyamula zowonongeka mu selo logawanitsa.

Mafuta, kapena triglycerides - ndiwo mankhwala achilengedwe a glycerol ndi monobasic mafuta acid. Udindo wa mafuta mu maselo a zomera umatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito zomangamanga ndi mphamvu.
Zakudya (shuga, saccharides) zili ndi magulu a carbonyl ndi hydroxyl. Ntchito yaikulu ya zinthu ndi mphamvu. Sungani kuchuluka kwa zimagawidwe zosiyana, zonse zosungunuka komanso zosasungunuka m'madzi. Komanso, mankhwala amadzimadziwa amadziwika kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri.

Starch ndi malo osungiramo zakumwa za zomera

Zakudya zosasunthika zimakhala ndi gawo la mphamvu ya zomera. Ambiri amasungira mankhwala - makapu amadzimadzi - ndi wowuma. Chifukwa cha kusalowetsa m'madzi, zimatha kusungidwa mu selo popanda kusokoneza kusakanikirana kwa osmotic ndi mankhwala.

Ngati kuli kotheka, kusungirako chomera chokhadikhadididi - starch - chimayambitsa hydrolysis ndi kupanga shuga zosungunuka (shuga) ndi madzi. Zotsatira zake zimapezeka mosavuta ndipo zimadetsedwa ndi michere ya carbon dioxide ndi madzi, kumasula mphamvu zofunikira.

Sungani makhabohydrate m'maselo obzala

Pali zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhala ngati magetsi. Zomwe sizomwe zimakhala zosungiramo mankhwala - zimagayidwe ka zomera - ndi inulini. Amayenda kudzera m'maselo a zomera mu mawonekedwe osungunuka. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mzerewu chinapezeka mu zomera monga dahlia, Yerusalemu atitchoku, adyo ndi elecampane. Monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwake kuchuluka kuli mu tubers ndi mizu ya zomera.

Pogwiritsa ntchito hydrolysis kapena nayonso mphamvu, madzi othandizira zimakhala zowonongeka mu fructose. Zina mwa zopangidwa ndi sucrose, ndi losavuta saccharide.

Mitengo yambiri yosungiramo zakumwa m'zomera ndi wowuma. Komabe, pali zakudya zina, kupatula mu inulin, zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito yosungirako magetsi. Zimaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi shuga. Mwachitsanzo, mu mizu ya beets yaika disaccharide - sucrose (ife timadziwika kuti shuga). Mu zipatso zambiri ndi ndiwo zamasamba, spare chomera makapu amasungidwa mwa mawonekedwe a sucrose ndi fructose. Kukoma kokoma ndi chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa deta kapena disaccharide.

Zomera zina zosungirako mphamvu

Monga malo osungira zakudya amatha kupanga hemicellulose. Ali ndi kufanana kwakukulu ndi fiber. Ilo silinalowe mu madzi. Pansi pa zochitika zofooka zamadzimadzi, zimagawanika mosavuta ndi monosaccharides. Amayikidwa mu zipolopolo za mbewu zambewu zambiri. Kuuma kwa hemicellulose ndipamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zina amatchedwa "masamba a njovu". Anagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabatani ndi mankhwala. Pakuyamera, mbewuzi zimatenthedwa ndi mavitamini mu shuga wosungunuka ndipo amadya ndi zakudya za m'mimba.

Kukhalapo kwa zakudya zopanda madzi ndizofunika kukhala ndi moyo

Njira yokonzekera ndi kugwirizana kwa chakudya m'maselo a zomera ndi mbali yovuta kwambiri ya kapangidwe ka kagayidwe kamene kamakhala mkati mwa selo. Zakudya za madzi, zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito yosungirako mphamvu, zimateteza ku zovuta. Pakukula kwa mbeu ndi tubers zimapereka zakudya zofunikira pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko.

Selo la chilengedwe chomera ndi dongosolo lapadera. Chiwerengero cha "njira" zogwirira ntchito mmenemo chikufanana ndi magalimoto milioni imodzi. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, monga chomera chonse chochepa. Malingaliro ndi kulondola kwa chirengedwe mu mawonetseredwe ake onse akuyenerera kwambiri.