State Nature Biosphere Reserve "Khanka" Primor: kufotokoza

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za "Khanka" Nature Reserve. Malowa ali pamtunda pa Western m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumveka Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky chigawo cha Primorye Gawo. Reserve unakhazikitsidwa mu 1990 pofuna kuteteza malo a wintering ndi mbalame kukaikira mazira.

Ikani malo malo

"Khanka" State Nature Reserve ili mu gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Primorsky Gawo, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Khanka, kufupi ndi Chirasha Chinese.

Pa dera la biosphere malo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi herbaceous chithaphwi meadows. Okwana kumeneko ndi anthu mitundu forte-eyiti nyama, ndi anai a iwo ngakhale kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia. Reserve "Khanka" ali ndi malo a mahekitala oposa 39 000. Izi zinaphatikizapo dera lalikulu la madzi madzi oyera m'nyanja Khanka, umene wazunguliridwa ndi mokwanira yaikulu m'madambo busa.

m'mayiko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja nyanja Khanka wolemera chithaphwi, dambo ndi zomera nkhalango, zofunika kwambiri amaonedwa m'malo a udzu meadows ndi m'madambo. Coast kuphimba mabango ambiri, sedges, wosakaniza meadows udzu.

Koma ngati zomera nkhalango, iwo akuzilekanitsa. Ambiri a iwo lolunjika pa Luzanova phiri. Pa malo kukula Aspen, Mongolian mitengo, lindens, veleveti.

Mbiri ya Malo otetezedwa

Mu 1971 Khanka Nyanja ndi madera ozungulira akhala anazindikira madambo zofunika lonse. Ganizo kulenga Malo otetezedwa anaonekera mu makumi Mu zaka zapitazo. Izo zinali kokha mu 1990 apa otetezedwa "Khanka" analengedwa - aang'ono kwambiri, ine ndikhoza kunena kuti wamng'ono padziko Primorsky Krai.

Mu April 1996, Russian ndi Chinese maboma anasaina pangano kukhazikitsa pamaziko a China zone kutetezedwa "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka ndi kuteteza dziko "Nyanja Khanka" Nkhalango lonse.

Mu ochepa nkhokwe peatland iwo unapangidwa bungwe. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi dera "Pine". Iwo unapangidwa bungwe mu 1965 koma. Palinso nkhokwe zimenezi, "Mtsinje" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "Mpulumutsi" (1962).

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti lonse kutetezedwa m'dera lagawidwa m'magulu asanu olekanitsidwa kwathunthu:

1. Chiwembu "Pine" dera mahekitala 375.
2. "Mtsinje" malo. Malo ndi mahekitala 12.494.
3. Chiwembu "Melgunovsky" dera mahekitala 300.
4. Malowo "dambo Mdyerekezi". Malo ndi mahekitala 16.641.
5. "Crane" malo. Malo ndi mahekitala 9479.

nyengo

Reserve "Khanka" lili zone ya chakum'mawa kwa nyengo. Chifukwa apa pali lalikulu nyengo ndi diurnal yofanana kutentha. Zima m'dera lino ndi chisanu pang'ono, ndipo kasupe - youma ndi ozizira, chilimwe - mvula ndi ofunda. Pa chaka, mvula ndi kwambiri m'goli. Mwezi ozizira a chaka January, kutentha akhoza kusiya digiri -20. Koma kutentha kwambiri nthawi - July, pamene kutentha pa thermometer chikuyambika madigiri 20.

nthaka

Prihantiyskie otsika ndi alluvial m'chilengedwe. Iwo anapanga kuchokera m'dambo nyanja, makamaka dongo ndipo loam. nyanja m'mapiko pansi mchenga. Mbali okwera ndi loams. Koma pa malo lathyathyathya chogwidwa ndi bog ndi theka bog nthaka. Peat kaja si lalikulu kwambiri - zosaposa masentimita makumi asanu. Ndipo pansi ndi dongo, umene ndi madzi wosanjikiza, zomwe zimabweretsa pansi m'madambo.

Nature malo

Monga tanena kale, woyendera nthambi chitetezo ambiri cholinga "Khanka" Reserve - ndi koposa zonse, ndi meadows otsika kunama ndi chithaphwi ndi zomera nkhalango. Coast la nyanja inamera mabango ndi sedges. Mitengo interspersed ndi zitsamba. M'tsinde mwa mapiri inu mukhoza kuwona meadows busa. Forest pang'ono kwambiri. Songacha Mtsinje pa gombe la mtsinje mukhoza kuona malo zina thundu ndipo phulusa nkhuni. Kum'mawa m'mphepete mwa nyanja Khanka kuphimba broadleaf udzu. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zomera za malo kumaphatikizapo mitundu 712 ya zomera mtima: 32 - mitundu mtengo, 43 - tchire, 3 - zake mphesa, 9 - zitsamba, 625 - herbaceous zomera.

Bogs kuphimba za makumi asanu ndi awiri pa zana a m'madera kutetezedwa. Mbali khalidwe ndi dongosolo wosalira zambiri. Izi anawonetseredwa mu chakuti, monga ulamuliro, chimakhala chogwidwa ndi limodzi kapena awiri zomera bog, zomwe kwathunthu kuphimba dziko azigwira. Pali mitundu anayi achinyontho: sedge, bango, sedge, krupnotravnye ndi thonje udzu sedge.

Ngati ife kulankhula za m'madambo krupnotravnyh, iwo makamaka zigwirizana mzimbe, cattail zakutchire mpunga, okoma masiku. Ichi ndi gawo loyamba la eutrophication. Pa dewatering wotsatira kukhala sedge, kenako bango-sedge m'madambo, lomwe kenako analisintha kuti bango udzu meadows. Ndi matupi a madzi ndi ovuta waterfowl, zimene zimapezeka osati chitetezo komanso zakudya zofunikira.

Madambo, nayenso, anawagawa mitundu iwiri: yonyowa, chonyowa. Choncho, bango udzu meadows kuimira peresenti n'komwe m'dera lonse. Iwo anayikidwa makamaka pansi m'madambo. Wothira kwambiri kapena zoipa. khalidwe zomera awo - skullcap, uzkolisty bango, bango Langsdorf. Zitsamba akukula wamtali wakuda.

Koma Langsdorfeynikovye meadows lolunjika pa nthaka chinyontho. Iwo anapeza okwana mitundu khumi ndi awiri a zomera. Grass ndi udzu wosanganiza meadows komanso chifukwa cha palibe mitundu zoposa khumi zomera.

Koma meadows bango-forb anapereka zitsamba makumi awiri pakati pawo kale: bentgrass, rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

mbalame malo

Reserve "Khanka" - paradaiso waterfowl ndi mbalame za m'madzi. A okwana mitundu 336 opezeka kuno. Komanso, muli mitundu isanu amphibian ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zokwawa, palinso odziwika Far East kamba mu Red Book.

malo n'kofunika kwambiri mawu a kuswana ndi migrations nyengo ya mbalame. M'dera lino mitundu 110 ya mbalame kukaikira mazira. Chaka chilichonse pali pafupifupi 25 awiriawiri kukaikira mazira cranes red-korona, 8 awiriawiri duarskih cranes. Chiwerengero cha mtundu uliwonse wa Kireni adza kwa anthu zana. Kuwonjezeka posachedwapa chiwerengero cha Far East storks, tsopano ndi kukaikira mazira ndi awiriawiri 25. Pa misa pa kasupe mbalame kusamuka Hanke itseka mitundu 500 zikwi za abakha, atsekwe ndi swans. Ndipotu, ndi pamaso zosaneneka. Kodi inu mungalingalire chomwe nambala zosaneneka za mbalame pa nthawi yomweyo anaikira mu limodzi, ngakhale dziwe lina lalikulu.

Mu Russia, yekha "Khanka" Nkhalango chisa Zokhwimirapo kakowa ndi Reed Parrotbill.

Pa chikhalidwe malo opezeka mitundu 69 ya nsomba, 9 a iwo m'gulu pangozi. Mu madzi a kuteteza malo spawning Plagiognathops Microlepis, nsomba-Auha, wakuda Amur bream, ndipo mlamba Soldatov.

dziko nyama

"Khanka" Nkhalango, nyama amasiyana zosiyanasiyana mitundu, monyadira ndi Nthawi zina kwambiri. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti pa malire a malo otetezedwa olembedwa mitundu osowa kutchulidwa Red Book ndi Red Book wa Russian Primorye, kuposa mu nkhokwe ina masewera. Reserve "Khanka" akuchita udindo woyamba mwa madera otetezedwa wa Primorsky Gawo. Za 112 nyama osowa m'derali 60 ikupezeka mu malo a.

Pano komanso olembedwa mitundu 45 ya nyama zakuthengo. Mndandanda wa anthu amene amakhala akukhala m'madera, kuphatikizapo mitundu 8 insectivores, 12 makoswe, mitundu 9 mbalame zolusa, lagomorphs 2 ndi chimodzi hoofed. Osowa nyama awa akuimira mitundu inayi. Iwo onse kutchulidwa Red Book.

Pa dera la malo ndiwo makoswe ambiri monga mbewa kumunda, imvi makoswe, Far East vole, Dahurian hamster, Amur Hedgehog, oyera-imodzi shrew. Mu meadows kuchuluka roe amakhala ndi udzu mkulu. Mu malo awa zili chabe kusintha zimbalangondo zofiirira ndi Himalaya. Komanso pa dera la kutetezedwa zone nyama moyo kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia. Pakati pawo wotchuka Siberia nyalugwe, ndi nkhandwe wofiira, Far leatherback kamba.

Pali nyama nthawi zonse kapena zina kupita ndi malire contiguous: Himalaya ndi zofiirira zimbalangondo, mink, nguluwe, akambuku, nswala wamawangamawanga ndi wapiti.

anthu akale

The malo pachilumba Riabokon anapeza magalimoto anthu akale. Akupeza oyambirira a Old Stone Age, iwo chifukwa cha zaka za 15 chikwi.

Komanso, komanso koyambirira zipilala Neolithic, analipo zaka 7500, komanso mochedwa Neolithic nthawi (zaka 5000), mkuwa Age ndi Iron.

Asayansi akukhulupirira kusungitsa malo apadera dera zochepa anaikira ambiri akupeza pofukula zokhudza zosiyanasiyana mibadwo.

Izi pano ndi malo odabwitsa - "Khanka" malo. Primor kwina kulikonse ali ndi chiwerengero lalikulu la akatswiri a zinthu zakale.

malo wapadera m'dera limeneli

Kuyambira mfundo za sayansi view, pali zinthu wapadera kwambiri m'dera limeneli. Limodzi ndi anthu a mmudzi oxytrope Khanka, amakhala ndi Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski ndi Pine Island.

Komanso, m'mayiko kutetezedwa kukula (ku Ilistaya estuary) wapadera m'nkhalango zamaluwa Komarov.

Koma Melgunovka estuary lili njuchi waukulu wa herons ku Far East. Pa kasupe kusamuka malo awa ndi nkhosa yaikulu mbalame.

Riabokon pa chisumbu, pa chakumwera, ndi malo okhawo m'dera Maritime, pamene kukula licorice blednotsvetnaya, mayina a Red Book of Primorye.

Momwe ndikusunga?

Tauni yapafupi ndi malo - izo Spassk-Far. Apa ndi pamene makonzedwe basi. dera Khanka. Malowa ali pamtunda wa makilomita 220 kuchokera Vladivostok. Kwa iye Spassk Far akhoza anafika pa basi. Iye amayenda kamodzi kokha patsiku.

Adiresi makonzedwe: Primorsky Gawo, Spassk-Far, Ershov msewu, 10.

m'malo epilogue ndi

"Khanka" Reserve - wamng'ono m'dera Maritime. Komabe, Lake Khanka, ili m'gawo lake, kalekale malo zofunika lonse mbalame. Kwenikweni, cholinga cha malo ndi kuphunzira ndi kuteteza zochitika zachilengedwe ndi njira, chulutsa ndi kuteteza dziwe jini ya nyama ndi zomera. Pa za chilengedwe madera anakhudzidwa ndi ndende yaikulu ya nyama ndi zomera kawirikawiri ndi pangozi. The Reserve ndi malo apadera ndi ndende lalikulu la mbalame, kulipangitsa kukhala wapadera ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa mbalame ataliatali.