Social sayansi - ndi chiyani? Kodi tikuphunzira sayansi chikhalidwe. Dongosolo la Sciences Social

Science, monga mawonekedwe a chidziwitso ndi mafotokozedwe a dziko nthawi zonse ikusintha: chiwerengero cha mafakitale ake ndipo ikukula bwinobwino. Kukusonyezeratu izi azimuth chitukuko cha sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, amene kupereka mbali zonse zatsopano za moyo wa masiku ano anthu ambiri. Kodi n'chiyani? Kuti amatumikira phunziro la kwawo? Zambiri za kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

sayansi chikhalidwe

Mfundo imeneyi anatuluka ndi posachedwapa. Asayansi zimachitika inachokera chitukuko cha sayansi ambiri, umene unayamba mu zaka za m'ma 16-17. Zinali ndiye kuti sayansi anaima pa njira yake chitukuko, kaphatikizidwe ndi kungolandira dongosolo lonse la chidziwitso-zabodza sayansi, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi imeneyo.

Tikumbukenso kuti Social Science - ndi dongosolo kwathunthu za sayansi, umene maziko ake lili angapo amalanga. Ntchito yotsirizira ndi kuphunzira mabuku a kampani ndi zanyengo constituent.

Kukula mofulumira ndi kuvuta gulu likubweretsa mavuto atsopano sayansi mu angapo m'mbuyomu zaka. Zikamera wa mabungwe atsopano, zovuta zikuchuluka ubale chikhalidwe ndi ubwenzi amafuna kukhazikitsa magulu atsopano, kukhazikitsa dependencies ndi moyo, kutsegula nthambi yatsopano ndipo boma nthambi za mtundu wa sayansi.

Kodi kuphunzira?

Yankho la funso limene liri phunziro la Sciences Social, mazikowo mwa Iye yekha. Mbali imeneyi ya nzeru za sayansi tikunena zoyesayesa zake yophunzitsa anthu a mfundo zovuta monga anthu. Kwenikweni ake ali kuululidwa zikomo mokwanira kwambiri kutukula za khalidwe la anthu.

iwowa nthawi zambiri ngati sayansi ya dziko. Komabe, kumasulira yotakata nkhani ya chilango ngati salola ankamvetsa bwino izo.

Kodi mtundu wa anthu ndi Chaanthu?

Yankho la funso limeneli ndayesera kupereka ofufuza ambiri onse zaka ndi chi zapitazi. Contemporary Sociology akhoza 'kudzitamanda "nambala yaikulu ziphunzitso ndi mfundo, anafotokoza akamanena za maganizo" anthu ". Yotsirizira akhoza suli okha limodzi la munthu, choyambilira pano ndi osakaniza zinthu zingapo zimene ayenera kukhala mu ndondomeko ya ntchito mogwirizana. N'chifukwa chake lero, asayansi chitaganya "m'bulu" polumikizana n'kotheka ndiponso zimene ankachita, anakantha dziko ubale wa anthu. Kuonetsetsa angapo makhalidwe osiyana ndi a kampani:

• Pamaso pa ena ammudzi chikhalidwe kuwalitsa mbali chikhalidwe cha moyo, adzadziwire chikhalidwe ndi maubwenzi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ankachita.
• Pamaso pa owongolera, amene akatswiri kuitana mabungwe, anthu yamasika yogwirizana khola kwambiri ndi maubwenzi. A chitsanzo chapadera cha bungwe zoterezi ndi banja.
• Makamaka malo ochezera. Kodi applicable Kupititsa gulu, kuyambira anthu akhoza akupitirira malire awo.
• Kudzidalira - khalidwe limene limathandiza kusiyanitsa anthu ku formations ena ofanana chikhalidwe.

Poganizira An view chakumene siyana zazikulu za khalidwe la anthu, angathe ndi chiphunzitso cha izo sayansi. Si sayansi ya anthu, komanso dongosolo Integrated wa kudziwa za zothandiza anthu mabungwe, Gona, madera.

sayansi Social anthu kuphunzira, kupanga chifaniziro osiyanasiyana iye. Aliyense amaona chinthu ndi dzanja lake: ndale sayansi - ndale, chuma - chuma, chikhalidwe - chikhalidwe, etc ...

zimayambitsa

Kuyambira cha m'ma 16, chitukuko cha sayansi ndi mokwanira zazikulu ndi zaka za m'ma 19 m'ma dipatimenti sayansi ali ndi ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana zimawonedwa. Akamanena za ichi chinali chakuti, mu mzere ndi sayansi anayamba kuumba mafakitale payekha. Maziko mapangidwe awo ndi zoona, chifukwa kupatukana anali kusankha chinthu, chinthu ndi njira za kafukufuku. Pamaziko a zigawo izi amalanga inazikidwa muzochitika kuwiri kwa moyo wa munthu, chikhalidwe ndi anthu.

ndi zifukwa kumaliseche kwa chidziwitso sayansi masiku ano imatchedwa monga sayansi umoyo wa anthu? Izi kwenikweni kusintha zimene zinachitika pa anthu m'zaka za m'ma 16-17. Izo ndiye umayamba mapangidwe ake mu mawonekedwe umene ulipo mpaka lero. M'malo nyumba chakale cha anthu miyambo pakubwera misa yomwe imafuna woganizira mozama palokha, chifukwa kunali koyenera kumvetsa ndi njira chikhalidwe, komanso kuti athe kusamalira iwo.

Chinanso achititsa kuti zikamera wa sayansi ndi chikhalidwe wakhala yogwira kukula kwa zachilengedwe, zomwe ziri mwanjira inayake "chikwiyire" kuonekera kwa woyamba. Amadziwika kuti chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za sayansi ya atumwi 19 mochedwa, zinali otchedwa chilengedwe kumvetsa anthu ndi njira kunachitika izo. Mbali yapadera Njira anali kuti asayansi chikhalidwe ndayesera kufotokoza mawu siyana ndi njira sayansi zachilengedwe. Ndiye pali Chaanthu kuti tate wake - Ogyust Kont - kuti sayansi chikhalidwe. wasayansi A kuphunzira anthu a amayesa ntchito kwa njira zachilengedwe-sayansi. Choncho, chikhalidwe sayansi - ndi dongosolo la sayansi kuti zachitika pambuyo achilengedwe (achilengedwe) ndipo anayamba imawalamulira mwachindunji.

Kukula kwa sayansi ndi chikhalidwe

Kukula mofulumira chidziwitso cha anthu a mu 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20 chifukwa kufuna kudziwa amazilamulira awo mu dziko likusintha mofulumira. Science, osati kulimbana ndi malongosoledwe a mfundo chikhalidwe ndi njira kuona kusatsatira ndi zochepa. Mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu mayankho a mafunso ambiri a akale ndi amakono. Latsopano ndondomeko ndi zochitika zimene zimachitika mu dziko, akayitane njira zatsopano kuphunzira ndi ntchito ya umisiri atsopano ndi luso. Zonsezi kumapangitsa chitukuko cha ankadziwa asayansi ambiri, ndi sayansi chikhalidwe makamaka.

Popeza kuti kutsogolera kwa chitukuko cha sayansi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kukhala zachilengedwe, muyenera muganize momwe kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake.

The sayansi ya chikhalidwe ndi anthu: makhalidwe chosiyana

Chachikulu kusiyana, amene amalola kunena chidziwitso ichi kapena icho kwa gulu linalake, ndi, ndithudi, chinthu kuphunzira. M'mawu ena, kodi chidwi imatsogoleredwa sayansi, mu nkhani iyi, muzochitika iwiri yosiyana ya kukhalapo.

Amadziwika kuti sayansi chikanachitika pamaso pa gulu, ndi njira ya chikoka pa chitukuko ya njira zakale. chitukuko zinachitika mu mzere osiyana chidziwitso - by amvetsetse ndondomeko zikuchitika mmadera, monga kuyenera mfundo zimene zimaperekedwa mwa sayansi ya chikhalidwe.

Chinthu china chimene anatsindika kusiyana sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti Kudziwa za ndondomeko ya cognition. Mbali yoyamba wasayansi sitingathe phunziro la n'kumaonerera kuti "kuchokera kunja." Lachiwiri ndi zambiri yokha nawo mu njira zimene zimachitika mmadera. Apa Kudziwa anaonetsetsa poyerekezera ndi mfundo chilengedwe ndi malamulo: chikhalidwe, makhalidwe abwino, chipembedzo, ndale ndi zina.

Kodi sayansi ndi mu anthu?

Monga dziwani kuti pali vuto kudziwa kumene amanena sayansi makamaka. Modern sayansi amamuchititsa otchedwa interdisciplinary pamene sayansi kubwereka njira Chrixitu. N'chifukwa chake nthawi zina zovuta kunyamula sayansi kuti gulu limodzi kapena wina: sayansi onse chikhalidwe ndi enieni angapo mikhalidwe imene imapangitsa iwo.

Popeza sayansi chikhalidwe zachitika pambuyo zachilengedwe, pa siteji koyamba za chitukuko, asayansi ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti kufufuza anthu ndi njira kunachitika n'zotheka, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe sayansi. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi Chaanthu, imene inkatchedwa sayansi chikhalidwe. Kenako, ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo yakeyake njira, chikhalidwe (chikhalidwe) sayansi unachoka sayansi zachilengedwe.

China wamba izi nthambi ya sayansi, ndi kuti aliyense umaphunzira njira yomweyo, kuphatikizapo:

• System njira sayansi monga polojekiti, mawerengeredwe, ndi kuyesera;
• njira mfundo cognition:. ndi kusanthula ndi kaphatikizidwe, kupatsidwa ulemu ndi deduction, etc.
• kudalira sayansi, logic ndi kugwirizana kwa chiweruzo, ndi wapadera mfundo ntchito kwakukulu ndi matanthauzo awo.

Ndiponso, m'munda wa sayansi ndi ofanana ndi momwe iwo amasiyana zina ndi mawonekedwe a nzeru; n'loonadi ndi kugwirizana kwa analandira nzeru, Kudziwa, ndi zina zotero ..

Dongosolo la sayansi za anthu

Kuchotsedwa sayansi kuphunzira anthu nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa mu umodzi, wotchedwa civics. chilangochi, kukhala zovuta, limakupatsani kulenga mfundo zikuluzikulu za anthu ndi malo a munthu mu izo. Iwo aumbike pamaziko a chidziwitso cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zochita za anthu: chuma, ndale, chikhalidwe, maganizo a anthu ndiponso anthu ena. M'mawu ena, chikhalidwe sayansi - dongosolo Integrated wa sayansi chikhalidwe, kupanga lingaliro lotero chodabwitsa zovuta osiyanasiyana, monga anthu, udindo ndi ntchito mu umunthu kumeneko.

Gulu la Sciences Social

Pamaziko a zimene sayansi chikhalidwe zokhudzana mlingo uliwonse zokhudza kampani kapena kupereka lingaliro pafupifupi muzochitika zones za moyo ofufuza anawagawa m'magulu angapo:

• Woyamba zikuphatikizapo sayansi amene kupereka chithunzithunzi cha anthu a malamulo a chitukuko, ndi Gawo, etc. (Chaanthu, nzeru) ..;
• wachiwiri chimakwirira kulanga anthu kuti tione mbali wina wa anthu (zachuma, ndale, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, etc ...);
• gulu lachitatu zikuphatikizapo sayansi kuti kusinthitsa m'mbali zonse za moyo zadziko (mbiri, lamulo).

Nthawi zina sayansi chikhalidwe lagawidwa mbali ziwiri: chikhalidwe ndi anthu. Onse n'zogwirizana, chifukwa njira ina akukhudzana kampaniyo. Woyamba amadziwika ndi regularities kwambiri ambiri njira chikhalidwe, ndipo chachiwiri chikukhudza mlingo zotengera malingaliridwe amene amasanthula anthu ndiponso mfundo amajambulapo maluwa okongola, zolinga, zolinga ndi T. D.

Choncho, angasonyeze kuti sayansi chikhalidwe mukuphunzira anthu wamba, monzama kwambiri monga mbali ya dziko chuma, komanso yopapatiza - pa mlingo wa boma, mtundu, banja lanu, anzanu kapena magulu chikhalidwe.

The sayansi wotchuka chikhalidwe

Popeza kuti anthu masiku ano ndi mwachilungamo zovuta zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsazi, tichiphunzire mu chimango cha malangizo limodzi ndi zosatheka. Zimenezi zikhoza anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti chiwerengero cha ubale ndi kugwirizana masiku ano ndi waukulu. Onse timakumana mu miyoyo yawo ndi m'madera monga: zachuma, ndale, malamulo, chikhalidwe, chinenero ndi mbiri, etc. zosiyanasiyana izi zonse kumasonyeza bwino mmene osiyanasiyana ndi anthu masiku ano ... Choncho n'zotheka kubweretsa osachepera 10 sayansi chikhalidwe, omwe amakhala ndi wina wa magulu a anthu: Chaanthu, sayansi ndale, mbiri, zachuma, malamulo pedagogy, maphunziro chikhalidwe, maganizo, madera, Anthropology.

Palibe kukayika kuti limafotokoza za kampani ndi Chaanthu. Kuti limasonyeza akamanena za chinthu ichi m'zigawozigawo kuphunzira. Komanso lero, kutchuka zokwanira anapeza sayansi ndale, omwe amadziwika dera ndale.

Chilamulo zimathandiza kudziwa mmene zonse unagona pa anthu ndi thandizo la malamulo enshrined mu mawonekedwe a chilamulo boma. zamaganizo A amalola kuchita ichi mothandizidwa ndi njira zina, kuphunzira kuwerenga maganizo a khamu, magulu ndi anthu.

Motero, aliyense wa 10 maphunziro chikhalidwe amasanthula kampani ndi dzanja lake mu ntchito njira zawo.

Scientific Publications, makope kuphunzira sayansi ndi chikhalidwe

Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndi magazini "Social Science ndi Modernity". Ichi ndi kutali limodzi mwa mabuku ochepa, amene amalola kukumana ndi osiyanasiyana m'madera osiyana sayansi yamakono pa anthu. Pali nkhani zokhudza mbiri ndi Chaanthu, sayansi zandale komanso nzeru za kafukufuku, kuukitsa vuto la dongosolo chikhalidwe ndi maganizo.

Mbali yaikulu ya buku ndi kuthekera malawi tizidziwe kafukufuku interdisciplinary unachitika pa mphambano za zosiyanasiyana. Lero dziko globalizing zofuna zake: wasayansi ayenera kutuluka mu malo yopapatiza a makampani awo ndi kuganizira zinthu zilili wa chitukuko lonse la anthu monga chamoyo umodzi.