Sayansi ya ntchito ndi "slurry khoma"

M'madera ano mzinda zambiri pali chizolowezi ntchito zambiri zomveka za malo ndi zomangamanga chisindikizo. zinthu izi ulembedwe makampani yomanga ku zinthu zina. Padziko, kupatula akhalabe malo wopanda, amene amakakamiza kutukula amachita pa ntchito yomanga maofesi mobisa. Mwa zina, pali zinthu zimene zomveka kuti apange mobisa. Zikuphatikizapo malo lalikulu, m'sitolo, komanso mosungira. Koma yomanga mobisa ndi mwachilungamo nthawi yambiri ndondomeko, amene amathandiza kuti kuchuluka kwa zinachitikira ndi zipangizo zoyenera makampani yomanga.

Yothetsera vuto tafotokozazi kungavute chifukwa chakuti dothi sakanikira kwambiri, angakhale cavities osiyana kukula, nthaka madzi kutuluka. Nthawi zina kufufuza gawo chitukuko likukhalira kuti miyala ndi mwachilungamo ofooka. Zimachitika kuti una wa mobisa mitundu yonse ya machitidwe zomangamanga, zimene sizinalembedwa kujambula mapu. Ntchito imeneyi nthawi zambiri m'pofunika kuti afafanize, monga maziko a nyumba pafupi ili pafupi kwambiri kwa zomangamanga, ndi makoma a nyumba mkulu-nyamuka musalole kuti athe kutembenukira mivi cranes.

Nkhani ya yomanga nyumba mobisa

Malinga ndi zimene makhalidwe hydrogeological wa mtunda ndi kuya adzakhala mu chipinda, Mobisa Yomanga akhoza kuchita chimodzi mwa njira zingapo. Ambiri amaona kuti "slurry khoma" njira ya caisson ndi njira yotseguka. Kagwiridwe choyamba mu zenizeni lero ndi zofala, ndipo akupitirizabe kuti anthu ambiri chifukwa zingathandize kuthetsa vuto mopanikizana popanda kumuvutitsa maziko a nyumba m'deralo.

luso lothandiza

Zakulera khoma wamangidwa pa mfundo mwachilungamo wophweka, amene amasamalila yokonza ngalande ndi yomanga. Komanso cavities anapanga pomanga walling, izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito simenti. okonzeka ndi dongosolo mkati, monga pansi ndi zinthu zina amatetezedwa kachitidwe analandira.

mitundu njira

Technology "slurry khoma" akhoza kugawidwa mu-mitundu boma zingapo monga: ngalande ndi mulu. Woyamba ndi ntchito simenti pomwe analimbitsa zigawo simenti, imene aumbike khoma limodzi. Mulu njira kumafuna kuika mizati zoterozo, yomwe ili pafupi ndi olimba. Iwo amakulolani kupanga walling olimba. Kaya luso kapena akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zambiri zingamuthandize poyerekeza ndi njira zina za ntchito yomanga nyumba mobisa. Iwo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonzanso nyumba alipo cholinga chilichonse.

dera ntchito

Zakulera khoma angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene pali kufunika kumanga nsalu yotchinga, ngalandezi mosungira mobisa, malo, malemba mobisa, akasinja, mitundu yonse ya akasinja septic, mphambano msewu, komanso maziko a nyumba zolinga zosiyana.

The njira yonyowa ndi youma

Poona mphamvu ya nthaka ndi mlingo wake chinyezi omanga angasankhe yonyowa kapena youma kumanga njira. Yotsirizira si okwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa palibe kukonzekera matope iye. Komabe, zikhoza agwiritsa ntchito kokha pamene pali chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu ya nthaka ndi kusowa mitsinje mobisa. M'madzi luso ndi abwino njira yomanga lalikulu zinthu mu wosakhazikika dothi zimalimbikitsa. Ngati pomanga limodzi zinthu anafotokoza, ndi zina zofunika kulimbikitsa zina makoma a ngalande. Potsilizira pake umabala maofesi amphamvu ndi odalirika.

thixotropy

Pothetsa slurry luso pakhoma akhoza zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yonyowa, imene lingaliro loterolo n'kofunika ngati thixotropy. Mundawu ndi chibadidwe matope, amene ali ndi luso kuchira mawonekedwe wapachiyambi popanda nkhawa iliyonse makina. Ndi kuyimitsidwa ili bwino osankhidwa mwapadera adzapindula tipeze mphamvu pa gawo yomanga ndi kupatulira zotsatira vibrational. Izi zimathandiza kutsimikiza mpanda wa mapindikidwe a ngalande. The zotheka wapamwamba chibadidwe thixotropic bentonite clays.

Ngati tikambirana zinthu zina njira imeneyi, tiyenera powasamalira khalidwe lawo madzi kufumbwa. Pambuyo kuumitsa slurry padziko khoma umasokonezeka ndi zoipazi hydrostatic, omwe amalimbikitsa mapangidwe madzi filimu. wochindikala siyana kuchokera 1.5 kuti 5 mm, kuti akukwana kuteteza nyumba m'madzi. makoma claying amapulumutsa dewatering galimoto pepala milu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ubwino ambiri a sayansi anafotokoza.

zida ntchito

Pamene munakonza pakhoma pansi, luso zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera. Timatha inu kukumba ngalande. Kuchita izi, kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito chipangizo mosalekeza. Zotsatira zofanana amatha kusonyeza ndi njira cyclical. Mapangidwe kunkhondo chotchuka ntchito earthmoving makina, ndicho, mafosholo, khasu, mbewu mphero, zingwe, pobowola zitsime ndi makina percussion kuboola, poyesa, komanso backhoes. zida Chipatso adzakhala okwanira kubala pakhoma pansi, sipangakhalenso chinakula ndi mamita 100. Terms Motero angathe kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Njira "slurry khoma" kumatanthauza kaŵirikaŵiri m'lifupi ngalande adzakhala wofanana pakati 1 ndi 1.5 mamita. Nthawi zina, kusodza, imene m'lifupi mamita 2.

Milandu njira zosayenera

Mosakayikira, njira anafotokoza zambiri ubwino, koma n'zotheka kuonetsetsa kuti mukupatsidwa ntchito njira ndi kosathandiza. Pomanga "slurry khoma" sakhala mu kukhalapo kwa nthaka mafunde amphamvu mobisa, ndi nthaka lotayirira, ndipo pamene theka imawonongeka zomangamanga pa Intaneti. Musagwiritse ntchito luso, pamene pali zilumba zachitsulo, komanso zidutswa lalikulu la konkire. Pamene nthaka ali voids ndi mphako, nayenso, sayenera kuyamba ntchito pa luso anafotokoza.

grout nsaru

Mpheto kulenga makatani Anachita tinganene kuti zazing'ono ngati n'kotheka. Iwo anagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndi zovuta dongo, komanso mu-situ konkire. Kusankha makatani ndi kuteteza mandala ku madzi. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu izi ntchito zida madamu ndi yomanga. Zikatero, chophimba M'pofunika kuthetsa ingress madzi mu M'mimbamo lapansi. Antchito satsutsidwa vuto kutsitsa mlingo wa madzi mobisa, omwe ndi ndondomeko m'malo nthawi yambiri. Ngati kufanizitsa nsalu mayunitsi sitepe-pansi, yotsirizira ndi yochepa pamene ntchito yayambika. Nyumba pamaso pa makatani mpweya sadzaopa wa utuluke amphamvu kwambiri a pansi.

magawo zahvatki

Pamaso maziko adzamangira "khoma pansi", muli kuwerengetsa zaka za zahvatki. zinthu zina, pakati pawo kutengera chizindikiro ichi:

• mtendere wa ngalande;
• kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe ya nyumba;
• mtundu wa sayansi, amene ntchito pa chitukuko cha ngalande;
• pafupifupi mlingo wa concreting.

Technology ntchito

Ntchito yomanga mpanda m'nthaka akuyamba ndi kukumba chitsime, pambuyo pokhala kunkhondo okonzeka ndi imodzi anadzazidwa ndi yankho. Chotsatira adzakhala unsembe wa osayenera zolimba ndi betonolitnoy chitoliro. Pomaliza mpheto monga kusamutsidwa matope popereka kwa konkire Kusakaniza kudzera chitoliro vertically displaceable. Ngalande akhoza zayambitsa m'litali zonse kapena gawo ndi gawo. Zolimba osayenera ali pa mtima ndodo corrugated zitsulo. Dongosolo chifukwa ayenera kukhala osachepera 12 masentimita, poyerekeza ndi m'lifupi ngalande. zinthu ndi wasambitsa ndi madzi unsembe chifukwa amachepetsa chiwerengero cha matope Kutsatira ndi kumawonjezera guluu wolimba kwa konkire.

concreting

Yomanga mpanda pansi kumafuna concreting, yomwe ikuchitika ndi chubu makina. Yotsirizira ali ndi awiri kuyambira millimeters 270 mpaka 300, pamene khoma makulidwe ndi 10 millimeters. Popeza kukula kwa chitoliro ndi amasankhidwa khosi ndi wads akhale wa burlap.

limiters zahvatki

The chipangizo zakulera khoma Mwina tingachotsedwe pa kuzama kwa ngalande mamita 15 kapena zochepa. Choncho ndikofunikira ntchito mapaipi ndi awiri a millimeters 50 zosakwana m'lifupi ngalande. Patapita maola 5 pambuyo concreting zinthu ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi M'mimbamo wodzazidwa ndi osakaniza analandira. Ngati akuya ngalande pa anati chizindikiro, pali kufunika kugwira. Ntchito yake imagwiridwa ndi pepala zitsulo, zimenezi zingatheke khola ikuthandizira. Webusayiti akhoza patsogolo, ndi welded kuti mtengo wa.

kuwonjezera zokolola

Pamene njira ya "slurry khoma" ntchito ndondomeko ya kumanga chinthu mwachilungamo lalikulu, ndi utali zahvatki mamita oposa 3, kungakhale kofunika kudyetsa konkire Kusakaniza mabuku yaikulu. Pankhaniyi, wasefukira kupyolera mu mipope, ndi zambiri mofulumira ndi losavuta unsembe njira ductility ukuwonjezeka plasticizers. The zikuchokera udzathiridwa kuti padziko overlaps dongosolo lonse 10 masentimita. Izi ndi zofunikira kuti athe kenako chotsani zakhudzana wosanjikiza konkire, chifukwa ndi ambiri dongo. chisindikizo ayenera kupangidwa ndi thandizo la zipangizo zina zapadera, amene anagwirizana pa betonolitnoy chitoliro. Ngati ndi wautali kuposa mamita 20, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito awiri vibrator lapansi.

Anthu machubu umene udzakhazikitsidwe pa malire zahvatok nthawi yotengedwa. Nkofunika kudziwa nthawi ya m'zigawo. Ngati izi zachitika molawirira kwambiri, m'mbali chipolopolo akhoza kuonongeka. Pa chitoliro mochedwa kwambiri m'zigawo akhale Anapitirizabe pakati pa simenti ndi dothi. Pofuna kuti achotse njira amenewa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo pepala chitoliro zitsulo, kudzera zomwe n'zotheka kulenga cholimba sanali zochotseka jumper. Ayenera welded ku zolimba khola. Pofuna kupewa mapindikidwe mkamwa mwa ngalande ndi kukhetsa ayenera akonzekeretse kutsogolo kutsinde, umene ndi headroom kunkhondo.

Zimene anzanu nthaka

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa mmene dziko kuthamanga pa khoma pa akuya z, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi: Miyambo = PS + PQ, kumene PS - ndi mphamvu ya kuthamanga lateral kuzama anasankha wa ake kulemera kwa nthaka, kutenga nkhani zofunda wosanjikiza, zochita za madzi, komanso ogwira zowalamulira; PQ - ndi mphamvu ya kuthamanga lateral anati akuya katundu padziko. Ngati ntchito ali pa kutsinde kutsogolo mwapadera anapanga kukhuthula pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, phindu akutengedwa ndi chizindikiro chochotsera.