Unsembe wa maziko a nyumbayo: mfundo zazikulu

Mbali mobisa wa nyumbayi, ndiye maziko, amatenga kuwawa kwa katundu, posamutsa pansi. Unsembe wa maziko lero akhoza mmodzi zosiyanasiyana njira, ndipo izo zikhoza kuchitidwa paokha. Mmodzi wa iwo amalola kukhala ndi patsinde pa tepi, amene ali otchuka kwambiri pomanga nyumba payekha, monga pamafunika ndalama kochepa ntchito. mapangidwe ake limodzi ndi ndalama mwanzeru ndiponso makina kukhazikitsa si wovuta. The chipangizo cha mamangidwe - ndondomeko osavuta kuti wo- kukhazikitsa anakonza muyenera kuphunzira ntchito za luso. Mtundu uwu wa maziko yaikidwa ku youma osati chikhamu dothi, ngati dothi kwambiri amaundana, yomanga ndalama zambiri chifukwa kuti yomanga adzakhala ndi buku lalikulu. Choncho ndi bwino kuganizira kuthekera lendi njira wopondereza.

Kukonzekera yomanga Mzere maziko

Unsembe wa maziko akuyamba ndi zotsuka ndi malo Kamangidwe. Pansi apatsidwe chizindikiro olamulira a nyumba ya m'tsogolo ndi kukonza zikhomo, umene udzakhazikitsidwe pa chingwe. Nkofunika kuti aletse kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino, zimene ziyenera kukhala wolingana ndi madigiri 90. Kukonzekera malo ayenera kukhala ndi wokulirapo mbali mamita 2. Chongani kulondola kwa chizindikiro patsambali zikhoza kuyerekezera diagonals.

Konzani ngalande ndi kumanga formwork

Ogwiritsa Mzere maziko mu gawo lotsatira kumaphatikizapo kukumba ngalande, ntchito izi angathe kuchitidwa pamanja kapena mothandizidwa ndi excavator ndi. Zikatero pansi ayenera kutsukidwa ndi angaimbidwenso fosholo. Mu sitepe yotsatira mukhoza kuyamba kuika khushoni, kakakulu amene ayenera zopanda 200 mm. Chopangidwa kuchokera ku kagawo kakang'ono miyala kapena mchenga. Gulu unatsanuliridwa madzi, ndi tikaumbike, ndi pamwamba yaikidwa filimu pulasitiki, amene akukhala zakuthupi kumatira. Kapenanso, kudzazidwa zibwere kuchokera slurry simenti kuti madzi si kupita pansi, chifukwa iwo amanyoza mphamvu makhalidwe a mapilo.

Unsembe wa maziko a nyumba mu gawo lina lotsatira kumaphatikizapo akuphunzitsa pa formwork, chomwe planed pamatabwa imodzi. makulidwe awo ayenera kukhala wolingana ndi malire a millimeters 40 mpaka 50. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kungomanga formwork gulu gulu zachitsulo. zinthu ndi adzatsekeredwa atathana malinga a ngalande. Nkofunika kuti akayanjanitse kudzera kutali ndi verticality a mpanda, kuyambira yolondola magawo izi kudzadalira pa nthawi ya ntchito dongosolo m'tsogolo. M'pofunika kupereka pamaso pa mipata atagona wa madzi ndi machitidwe sewerage.

Kulimbikitsa ndi kuthira konkire

maziko unsembe luso pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala unsembe wa mindandanda yamasewera, umene azikachitira unit. Mipiringidzo kupita chimango, ndipo chiwerengero cha malo awo, komanso awiri ayenera zafotokozeredwa polojekiti. chimango ayenera wapangidwa ndi awiri n'kupanga ofukula zolimba imene ikuchitikira pamodzi ndi mipiringidzo yopingasa. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti pamene kuthira osakaniza konkire kuti adzakhala ndi kutalika kuposa mamita 1.5, yankho stratified. Choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chute wonyamulikayu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ndi osakaniza udzathiridwa mu formwork, ndi mmene makulidwe a zigawo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 masentimita. Aliyense wosanjikiza ndi ting'onoting'ono basi, amene kumathandiza mapangidwe voids. Pakuti ichi shuttering maseche khoma. Njira yothetsera sayenera madzi.

kumatira

Unsembe wa maziko kumatira limodzi ndi ntchito zimene zimagwiridwa pasanathe masiku 10 pambuyo kuthira. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito phula mastic, ntchito kwa mpanda wa kunja. Pamenepo zikuchokera Pamilunguyo kumatira chuma, ntchito zimene angathe kuchita monga chuma denga. Patapita nthawi, mtundu wa fixation chuma akhoza kufufuzidwa.

ntchito Final

Atamaliza ndi mwai onse pamwamba anafotokoza angathe kuchitidwa backfill, amene ntchito mchenga ndondomeko srednefraktsionny. Iwo tikaumbike mu zigawo, mudzaze ndi madzi, motero m'pofunika kuti aziona boma la kumatira, iwo sayenera kuonongeka.

Yomanga wononga-mulu maziko

Ubwino uwu ndi malo zoonekeratu, liwiro ntchito ayenera allocated pakati pawo, kudalilika, mtengo wotsika, durability ndi kuthekera kwa chipangizo pa chikhamu masika nthaka. Pa gawo loyamba m'pofunika tisonyezeni ngodya ndi zitalizitali tsogolo nyumba, pakati pa iwo anatambasula chingwe ndipo anapereka zitalizitali ena yokonzedweratu. Mu malo awo ndi maenje anakumba kumene m'tsogolo tinakonza zoti kupotokola mulu. Kuya kwa dzenje ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 masentimita. dzanja ndalezo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kagwere milu, izo zikhoza kuchitidwa motere: mu dzenje zamakono kumapeto chapamwamba mulu ayenera kukhala mavavu anaika, atavala zidutswa zidutswa kuchokera mbali ziwiri za chubu lalikulu. Iwo adzachita adzakoka chokhethemulira. Mbali yaitali chokhethemulira, ndi khama zochepa chofunika kuti. Kukula akadakwanitsira la manja oterowo adzakhala zizindikiro mamita 3. Aliyense mulu uyenera anapotoza padziko nguli. Kugwira ntchito zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito munthu wina, pamene ntchito lachitatu zidzalamulira zinthu ofukula mwa mlingo.

Ngati inu kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito Buku screwing, ndi kupatuka wa ofukula sayenera upambana madigiri 2, mwinamwake kufalitsidwa katundu adzakhala m'goli ndi milu ndi olumala. Ogwiritsa wononga-mulu maziko wochititsidwa kuti m'munsi m'mphepete mwa mchitidwe anali pansi pa mlingo wa yozizira koopsa nthaka. Choncho n'kofunika kudziwa zimene Mbali imeneyi kwa dera. Pankhani chapakati Russia, ndi 1.5 mamita. Pamene milu Adzagonjetsa mlingo wa yozizira koopsa, nkofunika kuti akwaniritsa nthaka olimba. Zimenezi zingakuthandizeni kudziwa chinthu amathera mosavuta kudutsa nthaka. Ngati inu inadza miyala, nthaka ayenera kuchotsedwa thandizo ndi kagwere kachiwiri pang'ono pa cham'mbali. Pambuyo mulu yakwera vertically mlingo amawathandiza.

mayikidwe maziko

Ogwiritsa maziko mulu-mtundu zinthu wononga akutsatiridwa ndi yokonza kwa enaake. Kuugwira yabwino ntchito mlingo yopingasa hayidiroliki, amene nthaŵi zina m'malo ndi kukhazikika chida. mbali mlengalenga ayenera kukhala wolingana 60 masentimita. Ndi chopukusira zitsulo akhoza kudula kwa enaake.

Concreting ndi chilango cha strapping

Danga mkati ndi milu zosavomerezeka kumanzere kanthu, monga izi zingachititse dzimbiri padziko ndi kuchepetsa moyo utumiki. Mkati zinthu ndizodzazidwa ndi grout, aliyense mulu ayenera kusiya pafupifupi 1.5 zidebe kusakaniza. Ngati nyumba ndi katundu ndithu, maziko raft angathe kukhala zitsulo, pamene inu mukhoza kusankha yomanga kosavuta kwa izo. Pankhaniyi, ntchito yake idzakhala kuchita mtengo kapena zitsulo strapping headroom. Pa milu ichi zimayikidwa pa headroom, amene ananamizira ndi zomangira zingwe za matabwa lalikulu ndi mbali 150 mm. Chifukwa mafupa kumangako ayenera kusonyezedwa ndi phula. Mu sitepe yotsatira, mukhoza kuyamba kumanga mpanda wa nyumba. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti maziko mulu-wononga pambuyo akamaliza kapangidwe mudzakhoze kupirirako katundu, ndi wokonzeka ntchito. Unsembe wa maziko wononga-mulu ntchito pa nthawi imene yomanga ayenera kutha mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka.

Pomanga maziko wononga

Pamene wononga imachitidwa unsembe wa maziko, n'kofunika kuti kutchinjiriza, chokha nyumbayo Kumalimbikitsa pansi. Kuyamba kudzapereka m'munsi zoyenera kuti zinthu kuti adzamanga onse ufulu ataima zogwiriziza. The kumatira yaikidwa kutchinjiriza. N'zotheka ntchito matabwa polystyrene kapena mchere ubweya. Pambuyo ayenera kuyamba ntchito ya kutsirizitsa ntchito kutsogolo.

Kumanga maziko wamanja

zapansi amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati momwe m'munsi ayenera mphamvu yapamwamba. chipangizo wapangidwa ntchito analimbitsa ikuthandizira chiwembu. Chifukwa cha mamangidwe ndi wokonzeka kumvetsera kwa nthawi yotalikirapo. zapansi izi sizili kaamba kumanga munthu. Iwo anakhala pa subsidence ndi chikhamu dothi, luso amapereka unsembe wa mzati wa. Fundam Choncho chopangidwa ntchito simenti kalasi M-200, makhalidwe watertightness omwe akufanana ndi lakuti B2. Asanayambe ntchito, anakonza pamwamba kuti ndi angaimbidwenso ndi ting'onoting'ono basi. Mu sitepe yotsatira maenje ndi anakumba, amene chisindikizo mwa miyala. Ndiye inu mukhoza kwabasi atilakwira. Miyala khushoni akhoza m'malo ndi kukonzekera mchenga, amene anaika maziko ndi yachiwiri. wapadera zochotsa zipangizo wofunikila pogwira ntchito zimenezi. Unsembe anapanga ndi malo nkhwangwa, anatchula chiopsezo m'mbali mwa galasi. Iwo chagwiritsidwa patsogolo ndi atumwiwa. Stakeout nkhwangwa ayenera kudzakhala zingwe ndi chingwe chowongolera, ndi pa unsembe wa otchedwa chisamaliro nsapato ayenera kumwedwa kwa olamulira a pansi pa galasi ndi chikufanana ndi pakati nkhwangwa. Popanda thandizo zina sizingatheke kuti unsembe wa zida. Maziko a mtundu uwu ndi pachifukwa ichi si wamba yomanga payekha.